chapter 11 Flashcards
Ostracized
To be excluded, ignored, or shunned by a group or society. This can involve social rejection and isolation, which can have significant psychological impacts on the individual.
Proximity
Physical closeness or nearness to someone or something. In social psychology, it refers to the idea that people are more likely to form relationships with those who are geographically close.
Mere Exposure
A psychological phenomenon where people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. Repeated exposure to a person, object, or idea increases one’s liking of it.
Matching Phenomenon
The tendency for individuals to select partners who are similar to themselves in terms of attractiveness, social status, and other traits. People are likely to form relationships with those who match their own level of attractiveness.
Similarity vs. Complementarity
Similarity refers to the idea that people are attracted to others who share similar traits, beliefs, and values. Complementarity suggests that people are attracted to those who have different but complementary traits, fulfilling each other’s needs
Physical-Attractiveness Stereotype
The assumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits, such as intelligence, kindness, and competence. This stereotype influences social interactions and judgments.
Ingratiation
A psychological technique in which an individual attempts to influence another person by becoming more likable to them. This can involve flattery, agreeing with opinions, or other actions to gain favor.
Reward Theory of Attraction
A theory suggesting that people are attracted to others who provide them with rewards or benefits. The theory posits that relationships are formed and maintained based on the perceived rewards and costs.
Passionate Love
An intense emotional and physical longing for union with another person. It is characterized by strong feelings of desire and attraction, and it often involves an idealized view of the partner.
Companionate Love
A deep, affectionate attachment and commitment to another person. It is characterized by feelings of mutual respect, trust, and deep friendship rather than intense passion.
Secure Attachment
A healthy attachment style where individuals feel comfortable with intimacy and independence. Securely attached individuals tend to have healthy, trusting relationships and are comfortable with closeness.
Avoidant Attachment
An attachment style where individuals maintain emotional distance and are reluctant to rely on others. They often appear self-sufficient and may avoid closeness or intimacy in relationships.
Anxious Attachment
An attachment style characterized by a strong desire for closeness and fear of abandonment. Individuals with this style often seek excessive reassurance and may become overly dependent on their partners.
Disclosure Reciprocity
The mutual exchange of personal information between individuals in a relationship. As one person shares something personal, the other person is likely to reciprocate with similar self-disclosure.
