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Chapter Two Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolism

A
  • breaking down food

* releases energy

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2
Q

Cell membrane

A
  • around the cell
  • protects the cell
  • determines what enters and leaves
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3
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • rod-shaped
  • in the nucleus
  • contains DNA (genes)
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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • outside the nucleus

* in the cell membrane

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5
Q

DNA

A
  • in chromosomes

* directs activities of the cell

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6
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • large proteins are made from smaller ones

* anabolism in ribosomes

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7
Q

Genes

A

•regions of DNA within each chromosome

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8
Q

Karyotype

A
  • picture of chromosomes in a nucleus

* numerical order

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9
Q

Metabolism

A
  • the total of the chemical processes in a cell

* catabolism and anabolism

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • foods are burned to release energy

* catabolism

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11
Q

Nucleus

A
  • control center
  • chromosomes
  • directs activity of the cell
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12
Q

Digestive Organs

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx (throat)
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • intestines
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
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13
Q

Urinary (Excretory) Organs

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters (tubes from kidneys to urinary bladder)
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside)
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14
Q

Respiratory Organs

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx (voice box)
  • trachea (windpipe)
  • bronchial tubes
  • lungs (gas exchange)
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15
Q

Reproductive Organs

A

Female: Male:
•ovaries •testes and tubes
•Fallopian tubes •urethra
•uterus (womb) •penis
•vagina •prostate gland
•mammary glands

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16
Q

Endocrine Organs

A
  • thyroid gland
  • pituitary gland (base of the brain)
  • sex glands
  • adrenal glands
  • pancreas
  • parathyroid glands
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17
Q

Nervous Organs

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
  • collections or nerves
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18
Q

Circulatory Organs

A
  • heart
  • blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
  • lymphatic vessels and nodes
  • spleen
  • thymus gland
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19
Q

Musculoskeletal Organs

A
  • bones
  • muscles
  • joints
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20
Q

Skin and Sense Organs

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous (oil) glands
  • eye
  • ear
  • nose
  • tongue
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21
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • linings of internal organs
  • skin
  • lines glands
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22
Q

Muscle tissue

A
  • voluntary and involuntary
  • movement
  • heat
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23
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • fat (adipose)
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • blood
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24
Q

Nerve tissue

A

•conducts impulses all over the body

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25
Anabolism
* builds up proteins * produces hormones and enzymes * growth of cells * endoplastic reticulum
26
Adipose tissue
Collection of fat cells
27
Cartilage
Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
28
Epithelial cells
Skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
29
Histologist
Specialist in the study of tissues
30
Larynx
Voice box
31
Pharynx
Throat
32
Pituitary gland
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain
33
Thyroid gland
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
34
Trachea
Windpipe (tube from throat to the bronchial tubes)
35
Ureter
Tube from kidney to the urinary bladder
36
Urethra
Tube from urinary bladder to outside of the body
37
Uterus
The womb
38
Viscera
Internal organs
39
Abdominal cavity
Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; abdomen
40
cranial cavity
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull
41
Diaphragm
Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; breathing
42
Dorsal (posterior)
Pertaining to the back
43
Mediastinum
Centrally located space between the lungs
44
Pelvic cavities
Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
45
Peritoneum
Double layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
46
Pleura
Double layered membrane surrounding each lung
47
Pleural cavity
Space between pleural membranes
48
Spinal cavity
Space within the spinal column and containing the spinal cord (spinal canal)
49
Thoracic cavity
Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
50
Ventral (anterior)
Pertaining to the front
51
Hypochondriac region
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
52
Epigastric regions
Middle upper region above the stomach
53
Lumbar regions
Right and left middle regions near the waist
54
Umbilical region
Central region near the navel
55
Inguinal region
Right and left lower regions near the grown (iliac regions)
56
Hypogastric region
Middle lower region below the umbilical region
57
RUQ
Right upper quadrant
58
LUQ
Left upper quadrant
59
RLQ
Right lower quadrant
60
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
61
Cervical
Neck region (C1 to C7)
62
Thoracic (back)
Chest region (T1 to T12)
63
Lumbar (back)
Loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)
64
Sacral (back)
Region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)
65
Coccygeal (back)
Region of the coccyx (tailbone)
66
Vertebra
Single backbone
67
Vertebrae
Backbones
68
Spinal column
Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
69
Spinal cord
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
70
Disk (disc)
Pad of cartilage between vertebrae
71
Anterior (ventral)
Front surface of the body
72
Deep
Away from the surface
73
Distal
Far from the point of attachment
74
Frontal (coronal) plane
Plane dividing into anterior and posterior regions
75
Inferior (caudal)
Below another structure
76
Lateral
Pertaining to the side
77
Medial
Pertaining to the middle
78
Posterior (dorsal)
Back surface of the body
79
Prone
Lying on the belly
80
Proximal
Near point of attachment
81
Sagittal (lateral) plane
Divides structure into right and left sides
82
Superficial
On the surface
83
Superior (cephalic)
Above another structure
84
Supine
Lying on the back
85
Transverse plane
Horizontal plane dividing the body in upper and lower portions
86
Abdomin/o
Abdomen •abdominal
87
Adip/o
Fat •adipose
88
Anter/o
Front •anterior
89
Bol/o
To cast (throw) •anabolism
90
Cervic/o
Neck (of the body or of the uterus) •cervical
91
Chondr/o
Cartilage •chondroma
92
Chrom/o
Color •chromosomes
93
Coccyg/o
Coccyx (tailbone) •coccygeal
94
Crani/o
Skull •craniotomy
95
Cyt/o
Cell •cytoplasm
96
Dist/o
Far, distant •distal
97
Dors/o
Back portion of the body •dorsal
98
Hist/o
Tissue •histology
99
Ili/o
Ilium (part of the pelvic bone) •iliac
100
Inguin/o
Groin •inguinal
101
Kary/o
Nucleus •karyotype
102
Later/o
Side •lateral
103
Lumb/o
Lowe back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis) •lumbosacral
104
Medi/o
Middle •medial
105
Nucle/o
Nucleus •nucleus
106
Pelv/I
Pelvis, hip region •pelvic
107
Poster/o
Back, behind •posterior
108
Proxim/o
Nearest •proximal
109
Sarc/o
Flesh •sarcoma
110
Spin/o
Spine, backbone •spinal
111
Thel/o
Nipple •epithelial cell
112
Thorac/o
Chest •thoracic
113
Trache/o
Trachea, windpipe •tracheal
114
Umbilic/o
Navel, umbilicus •umbilical
115
Ventr/o
Belly side of the body •ventral
116
Vertebr/o
Vertebra(e), backbone(s) •vertebral
117
Viscer/o
Internal organs •visceral
118
Ana-
Up •anabolism
119
Cata-
Down •catabolism
120
Epi-
Above •epigastric
121
Hypo-
Below •hypochondriac region
122
Inter-
Between •intervertebral
123
Meta-
Change •metabolism
124
-eal
Pertaining to
125
-iac
Pertaining to
126
-ior
Pertaining to
127
-ism
Process, condition
128
-ose
Pertaining to, full of
129
-plasm
Formation
130
-somes
Bodies
131
-type
Picture, classification

Health Tech (23 decks)

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