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Chapter Two Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolism

A
  • breaking down food

* releases energy

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2
Q

Cell membrane

A
  • around the cell
  • protects the cell
  • determines what enters and leaves
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3
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • rod-shaped
  • in the nucleus
  • contains DNA (genes)
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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • outside the nucleus

* in the cell membrane

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5
Q

DNA

A
  • in chromosomes

* directs activities of the cell

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6
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • large proteins are made from smaller ones

* anabolism in ribosomes

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7
Q

Genes

A

•regions of DNA within each chromosome

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8
Q

Karyotype

A
  • picture of chromosomes in a nucleus

* numerical order

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9
Q

Metabolism

A
  • the total of the chemical processes in a cell

* catabolism and anabolism

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • foods are burned to release energy

* catabolism

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11
Q

Nucleus

A
  • control center
  • chromosomes
  • directs activity of the cell
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12
Q

Digestive Organs

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx (throat)
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • intestines
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
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13
Q

Urinary (Excretory) Organs

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters (tubes from kidneys to urinary bladder)
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside)
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14
Q

Respiratory Organs

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx (voice box)
  • trachea (windpipe)
  • bronchial tubes
  • lungs (gas exchange)
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15
Q

Reproductive Organs

A

Female: Male:
•ovaries •testes and tubes
•Fallopian tubes •urethra
•uterus (womb) •penis
•vagina •prostate gland
•mammary glands

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16
Q

Endocrine Organs

A
  • thyroid gland
  • pituitary gland (base of the brain)
  • sex glands
  • adrenal glands
  • pancreas
  • parathyroid glands
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17
Q

Nervous Organs

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
  • collections or nerves
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18
Q

Circulatory Organs

A
  • heart
  • blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
  • lymphatic vessels and nodes
  • spleen
  • thymus gland
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19
Q

Musculoskeletal Organs

A
  • bones
  • muscles
  • joints
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20
Q

Skin and Sense Organs

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • sweat glands
  • sebaceous (oil) glands
  • eye
  • ear
  • nose
  • tongue
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21
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • linings of internal organs
  • skin
  • lines glands
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22
Q

Muscle tissue

A
  • voluntary and involuntary
  • movement
  • heat
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23
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • fat (adipose)
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • blood
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24
Q

Nerve tissue

A

•conducts impulses all over the body

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25
Q

Anabolism

A
  • builds up proteins
  • produces hormones and enzymes
  • growth of cells
  • endoplastic reticulum
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26
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

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27
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints

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28
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs

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29
Q

Histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues

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30
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

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31
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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32
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

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33
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

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34
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe (tube from throat to the bronchial tubes)

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35
Q

Ureter

A

Tube from kidney to the urinary bladder

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36
Q

Urethra

A

Tube from urinary bladder to outside of the body

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37
Q

Uterus

A

The womb

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38
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs

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39
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; abdomen

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40
Q

cranial cavity

A

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

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41
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; breathing

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42
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

Pertaining to the back

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43
Q

Mediastinum

A

Centrally located space between the lungs

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44
Q

Pelvic cavities

A

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

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45
Q

Peritoneum

A

Double layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

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46
Q

Pleura

A

Double layered membrane surrounding each lung

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47
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space between pleural membranes

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48
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Space within the spinal column and containing the spinal cord (spinal canal)

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49
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

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50
Q

Ventral (anterior)

A

Pertaining to the front

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51
Q

Hypochondriac region

A

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

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52
Q

Epigastric regions

A

Middle upper region above the stomach

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53
Q

Lumbar regions

A

Right and left middle regions near the waist

54
Q

Umbilical region

A

Central region near the navel

55
Q

Inguinal region

A

Right and left lower regions near the grown (iliac regions)

56
Q

Hypogastric region

A

Middle lower region below the umbilical region

57
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant

58
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

59
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

60
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant

61
Q

Cervical

A

Neck region (C1 to C7)

62
Q

Thoracic (back)

A

Chest region (T1 to T12)

63
Q

Lumbar (back)

A

Loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

64
Q

Sacral (back)

A

Region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)

65
Q

Coccygeal (back)

A

Region of the coccyx (tailbone)

66
Q

Vertebra

A

Single backbone

67
Q

Vertebrae

68
Q

Spinal column

A

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

69
Q

Spinal cord

A

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

70
Q

Disk (disc)

A

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

71
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front surface of the body

72
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

73
Q

Distal

A

Far from the point of attachment

74
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Plane dividing into anterior and posterior regions

75
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Below another structure

76
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to the side

77
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the middle

78
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back surface of the body

79
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the belly

80
Q

Proximal

A

Near point of attachment

81
Q

Sagittal (lateral) plane

A

Divides structure into right and left sides

82
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface

83
Q

Superior (cephalic)

A

Above another structure

84
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

85
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal plane dividing the body in upper and lower portions

86
Q

Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

•abdominal

87
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

•adipose

88
Q

Anter/o

A

Front

•anterior

89
Q

Bol/o

A

To cast (throw)

•anabolism

90
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck (of the body or of the uterus)

•cervical

91
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

•chondroma

92
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

•chromosomes

93
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx (tailbone)

•coccygeal

94
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

•craniotomy

95
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

•cytoplasm

96
Q

Dist/o

A

Far, distant

•distal

97
Q

Dors/o

A

Back portion of the body

•dorsal

98
Q

Hist/o

A

Tissue

•histology

99
Q

Ili/o

A

Ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

•iliac

100
Q

Inguin/o

A

Groin

•inguinal

101
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus

•karyotype

102
Q

Later/o

A

Side

•lateral

103
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lowe back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)

•lumbosacral

104
Q

Medi/o

A

Middle

•medial

105
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

•nucleus

106
Q

Pelv/I

A

Pelvis, hip region

•pelvic

107
Q

Poster/o

A

Back, behind

•posterior

108
Q

Proxim/o

A

Nearest

•proximal

109
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh

•sarcoma

110
Q

Spin/o

A

Spine, backbone

•spinal

111
Q

Thel/o

A

Nipple

•epithelial cell

112
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

•thoracic

113
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea, windpipe

•tracheal

114
Q

Umbilic/o

A

Navel, umbilicus

•umbilical

115
Q

Ventr/o

A

Belly side of the body

•ventral

116
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra(e), backbone(s)

•vertebral

117
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

•visceral

118
Q

Ana-

A

Up

•anabolism

119
Q

Cata-

A

Down

•catabolism

120
Q

Epi-

A

Above

•epigastric

121
Q

Hypo-

A

Below

•hypochondriac region

122
Q

Inter-

A

Between

•intervertebral

123
Q

Meta-

A

Change

•metabolism

124
Q

-eal

A

Pertaining to

125
Q

-iac

A

Pertaining to

126
Q

-ior

A

Pertaining to

127
Q

-ism

A

Process, condition

128
Q

-ose

A

Pertaining to, full of

129
Q

-plasm

130
Q

-somes

131
Q

-type

A

Picture, classification

Health Tech (23 decks)

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