Chapter Twelve- Respiratory Flashcards by Adriana Geno

Alveolus

Air sac in the lung

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Apex of the lung

Tip or uppermost portion of the lung

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Base of the lung

Lower portion of the lung

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Bronchioles

Smallest branches of the bronchi

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Bronchus

Branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube

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CO2

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through lungs

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Cilia

Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract

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Diaphragm

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen; makes breathing possible

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Epiglottis

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering when swallowing

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Expiration

Breathing out

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Glottis

Slit opening to the larynx

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Hilum

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

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Inspiration

Inhaling

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Larynx

Voice box

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Lobe

Division of a lung

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Mediastinum

Region between the lungs in the chest cavity; contains trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

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Nares

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

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Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

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Palatine sinus

One of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

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Paranasal sinus

One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

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Parietal pleura

Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

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Pharynx

Throat

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Pleura

Double folded membrane surrounding each lung

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Pleural cavity

Space between the folds of the pleura

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Pulmonary parenchyma

Essential parts of the lung; bronchioles and alveoli

Respiration

Breathing

Trachea

Windpipe

Visceral pleura

Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

Adenoids

Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils

Adenoid/o

Adenoids

Alverol/o

Alveolus, air sac

Bronch/o, bronchi/o

Bronchial tube, bronchus

Bronchiol/o

Bronchiole, small bronchus

Capn/o

Carbon dioxide

Coni/o

Dust

Cyan/o

Blue

Epiglott/o

Epiglottis

Laryng/o

Larynx, voice box

Lob/o

Lobe of the lung

Mediastin/o

Mediastinum

Nas/o

Nose

Orth/o

Straight, upright

Ox/o

Oxygen

Pector/o

Chest

Pharyng/o

Pharynx, throat

Phon/o

Voice

Phren/o

Diaphragm

Pleur/o

Pleura

Pnem/o, pneumon/o

Air, lung

Pulmon/o

Lung

Rhin/o

Nose

Sinus/o

Sinus, cavity

Spir/o

Breathing

Tel/o

Complete

Thorac/o

Chest

Tonsill/o

Tonsils

Trache/o

Trachea, windpipe

-ema

Condition

-osmia

Smell

-pnea

Breathing

-ptysis

Spitting

-sphyxia

Pulse

-thorax

Pleural cavity, chest

Chest X-ray (CXR)

Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)

Computed tomography scan of the chest

Computer generated series of X-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes

Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest (MRI)

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal lateral and cross-sectional planes

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan

Detection device records radio activity in the lung after injection of a radio isotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon)

Bronchoscopy

Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

Endotracheal intubation

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

Laryngoscopy

Visual examination of the voicebox

Lung biopsy

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

Mediastinoscopy

Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs; i.e., airway function, lung capacity, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

Thoracentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

Thoracotomy

Large surgical incision of the chest

Thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

Tracheostomy

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Tuberculin test

Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction

Tube thoracostomy

Chest tube is passed through an opening in the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion