Chapter Twelve- Pathology Flashcards
Percussion
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
Pleural rub
Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
Rales (crackles)
Find crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
Rhonchi
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
Sputum
Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting
Stridor
Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
Wheezes
Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
Croup
Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor
Diphtheria
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
Pertussis
Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis
Asthma
Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and construction and increased mucus production
Bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection
Chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucus secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
Emphysema
Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
Lung cancer
Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
Pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which filled with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
Pulmonary abscess
Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs
Pulmonary edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
Pulmonary fibrosis
Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
Sarcoidosis
Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
Tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected
Mesothelioma
Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
Pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Pleurisy (pleuritis)
Inflammation of the pleura
Pneumonthorax
Collection of air in the pleural space
Auscultation
Listening to sounds within the body
