Chapter Twelve- Pathology

Question 1

Percussion

Answer 1

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Question 2

Pleural rub

Answer 2

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Question 3

Rales (crackles)

Answer 3

Find crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

Question 4

Rhonchi

Answer 4

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Question 5

Sputum

Answer 5

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

Question 6

Stridor

Answer 6

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Question 7

Wheezes

Answer 7

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

Question 8

Croup

Answer 8

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor

Question 9

Diphtheria

Answer 9

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

Question 10

Epistaxis

Answer 10

Nosebleed

Question 11

Pertussis

Answer 11

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis

Question 12

Asthma

Answer 12

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and construction and increased mucus production

Question 13

Bronchiectasis

Answer 13

Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection

Question 14

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 15

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Answer 15

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucus secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Question 16

Atelectasis

Answer 16

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 17

Emphysema

Answer 17

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Question 18

Lung cancer

Answer 18

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Question 19

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 19

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Question 20

Pneumonia

Answer 20

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which filled with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Question 21

Pulmonary abscess

Answer 21

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

Question 22

Pulmonary edema

Answer 22

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Question 23

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 23

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Question 24

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 24

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Question 25

Sarcoidosis

Answer 25

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

Question 26

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 26

Infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

Question 27

Mesothelioma

Answer 27

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Question 28

Pleural effusion

Answer 28

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Question 29

Pleurisy (pleuritis)

Answer 29

Inflammation of the pleura

Question 30

Pneumonthorax

Answer 30

Collection of air in the pleural space

Question 31

Auscultation

Answer 31

Listening to sounds within the body