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Health Tech > Chapter Five- Digestive > Flashcards

Chapter Five- Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

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2
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch

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3
Q

Anus

A

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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4
Q

Appendix

A

Blond pouch hanging from the cecum (RLQ)

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5
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up large fat globules; composed of bile pigments, cholesterol and bile salts

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6
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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7
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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8
Q

Canine teeth

A

Pointed teeth next to the incisors

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9
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestine

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10
Q

Colon

A

Large intestine, consisting of the cecum

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11
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum (choledochus)

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12
Q

Defecation

A

Pooping

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13
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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14
Q

Dentin

A

Primary material found in teeth; covered by enamel in the crown and cementum in the root

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15
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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16
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine; 12 inches long

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17
Q

Elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, pooping

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18
Q

Emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

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19
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of the tooth

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20
Q

Enzyme

A

A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances (digestive enzymes break down complex foods)

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21
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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22
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested

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23
Q

Feces

A

Poop

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24
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

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25
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar

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26
Q

Glycogen

A

Starch; stores glucose in the liver

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27
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

Substance produced by the stomach; digests food

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28
Q

Ileum

A

Third part of the small intestine (twisted)

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29
Q

Incisor

A

One of four front teeth

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30
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

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31
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine; always empty after death

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32
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

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33
Q

Liver

A

A large organ in the RUQ; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn out red blood cells; 2.5-3 pounds

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34
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach (cardiac sphincter)

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35
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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36
Q

Molar teeth

A

The sixth, seventh and eighth teeth from the middle on either side;

premolars: fourth and fifth before molar

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37
Q

Palate

A

Roof of mouth

Hard palate: anterior to the soft palate and is supported by upper jaw bone

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38
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

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39
Q

Papillae (papilla)

A

Small elevations on the tongue

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40
Q

Parotid gland

A

Salivary gland within the cheek, anterior to the ear

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41
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs; moves contents at different rates
Stomach: .5-2 hours
Small intestine: 2-6 hours
Colon: 6-72 hours

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42
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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43
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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44
Q

Portal vein

A

Large vein brining blood to the liver from the intestines

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45
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that digests protein

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46
Q

Pulp

A

Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

47
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near duodenum; closed except when a wave of peristalsis passes over it

48
Q

Pylorus

A

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

49
Q

Rectum

A

Last section of the large intestine

50
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

51
Q

Saliva

A

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands

52
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

53
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

54
Q

Sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that constructs a passage or closes a natural opening

55
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
Fundus (proximal section)
Body (middle section)
Antrum (distal section)

56
Q

Triglycerides

A

Fat molecules

3 patty acids 1 glycerol

57
Q

Uvula

A

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

58
Q

Villi (villus)

A

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

59
Q

An/o

60
Q

Append/o

61
Q

Appendic/o

62
Q

Bucc/o

63
Q

Cec/o

64
Q

Celi/o

A

Belly, abdomen

65
Q

Cheil/o

66
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

67
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

68
Q

Col/o

A

Colon, large intestine

69
Q

Colon/o

70
Q

Dent/i

71
Q

Duoden/o

72
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestines (small)

73
Q

Esophag/o

74
Q

Faci/o

75
Q

Gastr/o

76
Q

Gingiv/o

77
Q

Gloss/o

78
Q

Hepat/o

79
Q

Ile/o

80
Q

Jejun/o

81
Q

Labi/o

82
Q

Lapar/o

83
Q

Lingu/o

84
Q

Mandibul/o

A

Lower jaw, mandible

85
Q

Ondont/o

86
Q

Or/o

87
Q

Palat/o

88
Q

Pancreat/o

89
Q

Peritone/o

A

Peritoneum

90
Q

Pharyng/o

91
Q

Proct/o

A

Anus and rectum

92
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pyloric sphincter

93
Q

Rect/o

94
Q

Sialaden/o

A

Salivary gland

95
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

96
Q

Stomat/o

97
Q

Uvul/o

98
Q

Amyl/o

99
Q

Bil/i

A

Gall, bile

100
Q

Bilirubin/o

A

Bilirubin (bile pigment)

101
Q

Chol/e

A

Gall, bile

102
Q

Chlorhydr/o

A

Hydrochloric acid

103
Q

Gluc/o

104
Q

Glyc/o

105
Q

Glycogen/o

A

Glycogen, animal starch

106
Q

Lip/o

A

Fat, lipid

107
Q

Lith/o

108
Q

Prote/o

109
Q

Sial/o

A

Saliva, salivary

110
Q

Steat/o

111
Q

-ase

112
Q

-chezia

A

Poop (defecation), eliminating waste

113
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition

114
Q

-prandial

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