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Health Tech > Chapter Five- Digestive > Flashcards

Chapter Five- Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

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2
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch

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3
Q

Anus

A

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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4
Q

Appendix

A

Blond pouch hanging from the cecum (RLQ)

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5
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up large fat globules; composed of bile pigments, cholesterol and bile salts

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6
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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7
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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8
Q

Canine teeth

A

Pointed teeth next to the incisors

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9
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestine

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10
Q

Colon

A

Large intestine, consisting of the cecum

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11
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum (choledochus)

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12
Q

Defecation

A

Pooping

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13
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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14
Q

Dentin

A

Primary material found in teeth; covered by enamel in the crown and cementum in the root

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15
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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16
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine; 12 inches long

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17
Q

Elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, pooping

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18
Q

Emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

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19
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of the tooth

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20
Q

Enzyme

A

A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances (digestive enzymes break down complex foods)

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21
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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22
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested

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23
Q

Feces

A

Poop

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24
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

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25
Glucose
Simple sugar
26
Glycogen
Starch; stores glucose in the liver
27
Hydrochloric acid
Substance produced by the stomach; digests food
28
Ileum
Third part of the small intestine (twisted)
29
Incisor
One of four front teeth
30
Insulin
Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
31
Jejunum
Second part of the small intestine; always empty after death
32
Lipase
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
33
Liver
A large organ in the RUQ; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn out red blood cells; 2.5-3 pounds
34
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach (cardiac sphincter)
35
Mastication
Chewing
36
Molar teeth
The sixth, seventh and eighth teeth from the middle on either side; premolars: fourth and fifth before molar
37
Palate
Roof of mouth | Hard palate: anterior to the soft palate and is supported by upper jaw bone
38
Pancreas
Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes
39
Papillae (papilla)
Small elevations on the tongue
40
Parotid gland
Salivary gland within the cheek, anterior to the ear
41
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs; moves contents at different rates Stomach: .5-2 hours Small intestine: 2-6 hours Colon: 6-72 hours
42
Absorption
Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
43
Pharynx
Throat
44
Portal vein
Large vein brining blood to the liver from the intestines
45
Protease
Enzyme that digests protein
46
Pulp
Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
47
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near duodenum; closed except when a wave of peristalsis passes over it
48
Pylorus
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
49
Rectum
Last section of the large intestine
50
Rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
51
Saliva
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands
52
Salivary glands
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
53
Sigmoid colon
Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
54
Sphincter
Circular ring of muscle that constructs a passage or closes a natural opening
55
Stomach
Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. Fundus (proximal section) Body (middle section) Antrum (distal section)
56
Triglycerides
Fat molecules | 3 patty acids 1 glycerol
57
Uvula
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
58
Villi (villus)
Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
59
An/o
Anus
60
Append/o
Appendix
61
Appendic/o
Appendix
62
Bucc/o
Cheek
63
Cec/o
Cecum
64
Celi/o
Belly, abdomen
65
Cheil/o
lip
66
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
67
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
68
Col/o
Colon, large intestine
69
Colon/o
Colon
70
Dent/i
Tooth
71
Duoden/o
Duodenum
72
Enter/o
Intestines (small)
73
Esophag/o
Esophagus
74
Faci/o
Face
75
Gastr/o
Stomach
76
Gingiv/o
Gums
77
Gloss/o
Tongue
78
Hepat/o
Liver
79
Ile/o
Ileum
80
Jejun/o
Jejunum
81
Labi/o
Lip
82
Lapar/o
Abdomen
83
Lingu/o
Tongue
84
Mandibul/o
Lower jaw, mandible
85
Ondont/o
Tooth
86
Or/o
Mouth
87
Palat/o
Palate
88
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
89
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
90
Pharyng/o
Throat
91
Proct/o
Anus and rectum
92
Pylor/o
Pyloric sphincter
93
Rect/o
Rectum
94
Sialaden/o
Salivary gland
95
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
96
Stomat/o
Mouth
97
Uvul/o
Uvula
98
Amyl/o
Starch
99
Bil/i
Gall, bile
100
Bilirubin/o
Bilirubin (bile pigment)
101
Chol/e
Gall, bile
102
Chlorhydr/o
Hydrochloric acid
103
Gluc/o
Sugar
104
Glyc/o
Sugar
105
Glycogen/o
Glycogen, animal starch
106
Lip/o
Fat, lipid
107
Lith/o
Stone
108
Prote/o
Protein
109
Sial/o
Saliva, salivary
110
Steat/o
Fat
111
-ase
Enzyme
112
-chezia
Poop (defecation), eliminating waste
113
-iasis
Abnormal condition
114
-prandial
Meal

Health Tech (23 decks)

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