Chapter Eleven- Cardiovascular Flashcards by Adriana Geno

Arteriole

Small artery

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Artery

Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

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Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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Atrioventricular node (AV node)

Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria; electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle toward the ventricles

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Atrium

One of two upper chambers of the heart

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Capillary

Smallest blood vessel; materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls

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Carbon dioxide

Gas (waste) released by body cells; transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

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Coronary arteries

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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Deoxygenated blood

Blood that is oxygen poor

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Diastole

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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Electrocardiogram

Record of the electricity flowing through the heart; represented by waves (P, QRS, T)

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Endocardium

Inner lining of the heart

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Endothelium

Innermost lining of blood vessels

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Mitral valve

Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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Murmur

Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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Myocardium

Muscular, middle layer of the heart

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Normal sinus rhythm

Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60-100 beats per minute

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Oxygen

Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

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Pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

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Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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Pulmonary artery

Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

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Pulmonary circulation

Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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Pulmonary valve

Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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Pulmonary vein

One of two pairs of vessel carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

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Pulse

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

Septum

Partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

Pacemaker

Sphygmomanometer

Instrument to measure blood pressure

Systemic circulation

Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

Systole

Contraction phase of the heartbeat

Tricuspid valve

Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; 3 cusps

Valve

Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closed an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

Vein

Thin-walked vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart; contain valves to prevent back flow

Vena cava

Largest vein in the body; superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

Ventricle

One of two lower chambers of the heart

Venule

Small vein

Aorta

Largest artery in the body

Angi/o

Vessel

Aort/o

Aorta

Arter/o, arteri/o

Artery

Ather/o

Yellowish plaque, fatty substance

Atri/o

Atrium, upper heart chamber

Brachi/o

Arm

Cardi/o

Heart

Cholesterol/o

Cholesterol

Coron/o

Heart

Cyan/o

Blue

Myx/o

Mucus

Ox/o

Oxygen

Pericardi/o

Pericardium

Phleb/o

Vein

Rrhythm/o

Rhythm

Sphygm/o

Pulse

Steth/o

Chest

Thromb/o

Clot

Valvul/o, valv/o

Valve

Vas/o

Vessel

Vascul/o

Vessel

Ven/o, ven/i

Vein

Ventricul/o

Ventricle, lower heart chamber

BNP test

Measurement of BNP in blood

Cardiac bio markers

Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack

Lipid tests (lipid profile)

Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample

Lipoprotein electrophoresis

Lipoproteins are physically separated and measures in a blood sample

Angiography

X-ray imaging of flood vessels after injection of contrast material

CTA

Three dimensional X-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computer tomography

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Video equipment and a computer produce X-ray images of blood vessels

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT/EBT)

Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD

Doppler ultrasound studies

Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

Echocardiography (ECHO)

Echoes generates by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose

Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan

" " injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning

Thallium 201 scan

Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle

Cardiac MRI

Images of the heart are produced using radio wave energy in a magnetic field

Cardiac catheterization

Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Recording of electricity flowing through the heart

Holter monitoring

An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

Stress test

Excessive tolerance test (ETT) determines the hearts response to physical exertion

Catheter ablation

Brief delivery of radio frequency of cryosurgery to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

Defibrillation

Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation)

Endarterectomy

Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

Extracorporeal circulation

Heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired

Heart transplant

A donor heart is transferred

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place

Thrombolytic therapy

Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis