Chapter Ten- Nervous Flashcards
1
Q
Cerebr/o
A
Cerebrum
2
Q
Dur/o
A
Dura matter
3
Q
Encephal/o
A
Brain
4
Q
Gli/o
A
Glial cells
5
Q
Lept/o
A
Thin, slender
6
Q
Mening/o, meningi/o
A
Membranes, meninges
7
Q
My/o
A
Muscle
8
Q
Myel/o
A
Spinal cord (bone marrow)
9
Q
Neur/o
A
Nerve
10
Q
Pont/o
A
Pons
11
Q
Radicul/o
A
Nerve root (of spinal nerves)
12
Q
Thalam/o
A
Thalamus
13
Q
Thec/o
A
Sheath
14
Q
Vag/o
A
Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
15
Q
Alges/o, -algesia
A
Excessive sensitivity to pain
16
Q
-algia
A
Pain
17
Q
Caus/o
A
Burning
18
Q
Comat/o
A
Deep sleep (coma)
19
Q
Esthesi/o, -esthesia
A
Feeling, nervous sensation
20
Q
Kines/o, kinesi/o, -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic
A
Movement
21
Q
-lepsy
A
Seizure
22
Q
Lex/o
A
Word, phrase
23
Q
-paresis
A
Weakness
24
Q
-phasia
A
Speech
25
-plegia
Paralysis
26
-praxia
Action
27
-sthenia
Strength
28
Syncop/o
To cut off, cut short
29
Tax/o
Order, coordination
30
Cerebell/o
Cerebellum
31
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells
32
Afferent nerve
Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve)
33
Arachnoid membrane
Middle layer of the three membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
34
Astrocyte
Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
35
Autonomic nervous system
Nerves that control involuntary body function and muscles, glands, and internal organs
36
Axon
Microscopic fibers that carry the nerve impulse along a nerve cell
37
Blood-brain barrier
Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
38
Brain stem
Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla oblongata
39
Cauda equina
Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
40
Cell body
Part of a nerve that contains the nucleus
41
Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain and the spinal cord
42
Cerebellum
Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
43
Cerebral cortex
Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain
44
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Circulated throughout the brain and spinal cord
45
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
46
Cranial nerves
Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck
47
Dendrite
Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse
48
Dura mater
Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
49
Efferent nerve
Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve
50
Ependymal cell
Glial cell that lines membranes from within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid
51
Ganglion
Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
52
Glial cell (neuroglial cell)
Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses (astrocytes etc)
53
Gyrus
Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution
54
Hypothalamus
Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp, and secretions from the pituitary gland
55
Medulla oblongata
Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here
56
Meninges
Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
57
Microglial cell
Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system
58
Motor nerve
Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve
59
Myelin sheath
Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons
60
Nerve
Macroscopic cord like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses
61
Neuron
Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body
62
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell
63
Oligiodendroglial cell
Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons
64
Parasympathetic nerves
Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the GI tract
65
Parenchyma
Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system (brain, spinal cord, and neurons)
66
Peripheral nervous system
Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves
67
Pia mater
Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
68
Plexus
Large, interlacing network of nerves
69
Pons
Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain (bridge)
70
Receptor
Organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent neves (skin, ears, eyes)
71
Sciatic nerve
Nerve extending from the base of the spins down the thigh, lower leg, and foot
72
Sciatica
Pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve
73
Sensory nerve
Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve
74
Spinal nerves
Thirty one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
75
Stimulus
Agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response
76
Stroma
Connective and supporting tissue of an organ
77
Sulcus
Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure
78
Sympathetic nerves
Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress
79
Synapse
Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells
80
Thalamus
Main relay center of the brain; conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum
81
Vagus nerve
Tenth cranial nerve; branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus and stomach.
82
Ventricles of the brain
Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
83
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Samples of CSF are examined
84
Cerebral angiography
X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessel in the brain after injection of contrast material
85
Computed tomography (CT) of the brain
X-ray technique that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
86
Myelography
X-ray imaging of the spinal canal after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space
87
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord
88
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image in the metabolic activity of cells
89
Doppler ultrasound studies
Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries
90
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Recording of the electrical activity of the brain
91
Lumbar puncture (LP)
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
92
Stereotactic radio surgery
Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain
