Chapter Five- Pathology

Question 1

Ascites

Answer 1

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 2

Borborygmus (borborygmi)

Answer 2

Rumbling or hurling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 3

Constipation

Answer 3

Difficulty in pooping

Question 4

Diarrhea

Answer 4

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 5

Dysphagia

Answer 5

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 6

Eructation

Answer 6

Burping; gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Question 7

Flatus

Answer 7

Gas expelled through the anus

Question 8

Hematochezia

Answer 8

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 9

Jaundice (icterus)

Answer 9

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 10

Melena

Answer 10

Black, tarry stools; poop containing digested blood

Question 11

Nausea

Answer 11

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

Question 12

Steatorrhea

Answer 12

Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

Question 13

Aphthous stomatitis

Answer 13

Inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers (canker sores)

Question 14

Dental caries

Answer 14

Tooth decay

Question 15

Herpetic stomatitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

Question 16

Oral leukoplakia

Answer 16

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Question 17

Periodontal disease

Answer 17

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

Question 18

Achalasia

Answer 18

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

Question 19

Esophageal cancer

Answer 19

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 20

Esophageal varices

Answer 20

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 21

Gastric cancer

Answer 21

Malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 22

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 22

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach (heartburn)

Question 23

Hernia

Answer 23

Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

Question 24

Peptic ulcer

Answer 24

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 25

Anal fistula

Answer 25

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 26

Colonic polyps

Answer 26

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 27

Colorectal cancer

Answer 27

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

Question 28

Crohn disease (Crohn’s)

Answer 28

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon)

Question 29

Diverticulosis

Answer 29

Abnormal outpouchings of the intestinal wall

Question 30

Dysentery

Answer 30

Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 31

Hemorrhoids

Answer 31

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 32

Ileus

Answer 32

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 33

Intussusception

Answer 33

Telescoping of the intestines

Question 34

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 34

Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension

Question 35

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 35

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Question 36

Volvulus

Answer 36

Twisting of the intestine itself

Question 37

Cholelithiasis

Answer 37

Gallstones in the bladder

Question 38

Cirrhosis

Answer 38

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 39

Pancreatic cancer

Answer 39

Malignant tumor of the pancreas

Question 40

Pancreatitis

Answer 40

Inflammation of the pancreas

Question 41

Viral hepatitis

Answer 41

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Question 42

Anorexia

Answer 42

Lack of appetite