Chapter Five- Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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2
Q

Borborygmus (borborygmi)

A

Rumbling or hurling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

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3
Q

Constipation

A

Difficulty in pooping

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4
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

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5
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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6
Q

Eructation

A

Burping; gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

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7
Q

Flatus

A

Gas expelled through the anus

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8
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

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9
Q

Jaundice (icterus)

A

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

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10
Q

Melena

A

Black, tarry stools; poop containing digested blood

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11
Q

Nausea

A

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

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12
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

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13
Q

Aphthous stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers (canker sores)

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14
Q

Dental caries

A

Tooth decay

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15
Q

Herpetic stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

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16
Q

Oral leukoplakia

A

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

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17
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

18
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

19
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

20
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

21
Q

Gastric cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the stomach

22
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach (heartburn)

23
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

24
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

25
Anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
26
Colonic polyps
Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
27
Colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
28
Crohn disease (Crohn's)
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon)
29
Diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings of the intestinal wall
30
Dysentery
Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
31
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
32
Ileus
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
33
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines
34
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
35
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
36
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestine itself
37
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the bladder
38
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
39
Pancreatic cancer
Malignant tumor of the pancreas
40
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
41
Viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
42
Anorexia
Lack of appetite