Chapter Seven- Urinary Flashcards by Adriana Geno

Calyx or Calix

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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Catheter

Tube for injecting or removing fluids

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Cortex

Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney

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Creatinine

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

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Electrolyte

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; necessary with function of muscles and nerves; kidneys

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Erythropoietin (EPO)

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

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Filtration

Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

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Glomerular capsule

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. (Bowman capsule; collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus)

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Glomerulus

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

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Hilum

Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

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Kidney

One of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine

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Meatus

Opening or canal

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Medulla

Inner region of an organ

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Nephron

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney; functional unit of kidney; 1 million per kidney

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Nitrogenous waste

Substance containing nitrogen an excreted in urine

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Potassium

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood; muscle contraction and nerve impulses

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Reabsorption

Process where renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back in the bloodstream

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Renal artery

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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Renal pelvis

Central collection region in the kidney

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Renal tubule

Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

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Renal vein

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

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Renin

Hormone secreted by the kidney; raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction

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Sodium

An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions

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Trigone

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

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Urea

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Ureter

One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Urethra

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Uric acid

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Urinary bladder

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

Urination (voiding)

Process of expelling urine; micturition

Arteriole

Small artery

Cali/o, calic/o

Calyx (calix)

Cyst/o

Urinary bladder

Glomerul/o

Glomerulus

Meat/o

Meatus

Nephr/o

Kidney

Pyel/o

Renal pelvis

Ren/o

Kidney

Trigon/o

Trigone (bladder region)

Ureter/o

Ureter

Urethr/o

Urethra

Vesic/o

Urinary bladder

Albumin/o

Albumin (a protein in the blood)

Azot/o

Nitrogen

Bacteri/o

Bacteria

Dips/o

Thirst

Kal/o

Potassium

Ket/o, keton/o

Ketone bodies

Lith/o

Stone

Natr/o

Sodium

Noct/o

Night

Olig/o

Scanty

-poietin

Substance that forms

Py/o

Pus

-tripsy

Crushing

Ur/o

Urine (urea)

Urin/o

Urine

-uria

Urination; urine condition

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Measurement of urea levels in blood

Creatinine clearance

Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys

CT scan

X-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues

Kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Renal angiography

X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels and of the kidneys

Retrograde pyelogram (RP)

X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

X-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while patient is voiding

Ultrasonography

Imaging of urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves

Radioisotope scan

Image of the kidney after Injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream

MRI

Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

Cystoscopy

Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)

Dialysis

Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood Hemodialysis: (HD)- artificial kidney machine Peritoneal dialysis: (PD)- catheter

Lithotripsy

Urinary tract stones are crushed

Renal angioplasty

Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

Renal biopsy

Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

Renal transplantation

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

Urinary catheterization

Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder