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stuart britain > chapter twelve > Flashcards

chapter twelve Flashcards

1
Q

define levellers

A

predominately London based pressure group that sought poltical economic and social reform

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2
Q

levellers demands

A

extension of the franchise
written constitution
frequent elections
religious freedom
reform of the law
elected local gov
economic reform

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3
Q

levellers methods
petitions

A

the large petition 10-14 march 1647
petition signed by 40k oct 1648
womens petition may 1649

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4
Q

levellers methods
processions

A

leveller ‘ Gainsborough’s funeral nov 1648
leveller ‘ lockyers funeral April 1649

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5
Q

levellers methods
pamphlets

A

agreement of the people oct 1647
lilburnes Englands new chains discovered feb 1649
Richard overtones the hunting of the foxes march 1649

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6
Q

levellers methods
newspaper

A

the moderate July 1648-sept 1649

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7
Q

the levellers methods show

A

how politics in this period moved beyond the control of the traditional PN and onto the streets of LDN

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8
Q

lilburne with other leading levellers produced

A

nearly 250 pamphlets between 1645 and 1649

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9
Q

levellers did not have the backing of the army so instead exploited

A

the concerns of lower army ranks as the army leaders continued to negotiate with Charles
lower ranks were afraid of being sold short

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10
Q

October 1647
the case of the army truly stated circulate within the army attacking army leadership this cause the NMA

A

to take the levellers as a serious threat
held the putney and Whitehall debates to discuss w the levellers their written manifesto

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11
Q

putney debates
nov 1647

A

the general council of army met with representatives of the levellers to debate how England should be governed

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12
Q

the debates came to focus on

A

the levellers ideas for the extension of the franchise which proceed an argument between ireton and wildman

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13
Q

putney debates ended 5 nov 1647

A

clash between ireton and leveller sympathiser rainsborough over the army leaders attempts to settle with the king

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14
Q

ireton and cromwells argument undermined by Charles escape from haptonncourt in

A

nov 1647

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15
Q

Charles escape
second civil war
his negotiation with Scots
lower rank officers reunited after putney and Whitehall debates

A

new military threat

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16
Q

what did the agreement of the people oct 1647 propose

A

all who wanted to be citizens of the state had to sign the document as agreement

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17
Q

according to the agreement where did sovereignty lie

A

resides in the people rather than king or parliament , making parliament more representative and answerable to the people MAIN PROPOSAL

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18
Q

what were other proposals in this agreement

A

mps elected in proportion to the population of the constituency
parliaments elected biennially
parliament to consist of 1 chamber/house

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19
Q

in short term what did levellers emphasise

A

emphasised to ireton that he needed to keep their demands in mind if and when the army going to deal with parliament and the king

20
Q

the army leaders need to work with the levellers and their desire to debate the settlement this led to

A

Whitehall debates 1648

21
Q

cromwell and ireton reinforced their control over army by

A

payment of troops by parliament , prevented levellers causing more discontent in ranks

22
Q

ireton and army manipulated levellers though Whitehall debates …

A

the levellers had little influence on Army leaders
tried to keep therm quiet till army killed the king

23
Q

Whitehall debates

A

1648-1649

24
Q

during dec 1648 and jan 1649

A

execution of the king
levellers met with the general council mainly led by ireton to debate the first agreement of the people at Whitehall debates

25
Q

levellers wanted a new constitution post regicide regime failed to agree which showed

A

the clear differnce between leveller leadership and army grandees

26
Q

levellers and officers drew up an agreement of the people second , dec 1648 , differed on

A

extent of religious freedom

27
Q

levellers also denounced

A

rump parliament and its narrow representative nature

28
Q

after king , army grandees nowhere to deal with

A

the leveller leadership

29
Q

repression of the levellers began

A

march 1649
lilburne and leading levellers arrested

30
Q

levellers continued propaganda war however against

A

rump parliament
and army

31
Q

in the hunting of the foxes a form of propaganda cromwell was attacked as

A

a hypocrite

32
Q

levellers third agreement 1649 was an attempt to …
- what was the result

A

inspire an army mutiny
- response was limited and quickly crushed by cromwell and Fairfax at burford may 1649

33
Q

what played part in limiting the success of the levellers

A

determination of rump parliament
and army leadership
rump had money to pay army
- prevented unrest in troops

34
Q

lilburne was acquitted at his trial in

A

September 1649

35
Q

leveller influence in army over and any threat they posed to the state

A
36
Q

what did the diggers believe in

A

total social and political equality

37
Q

1652 digger Winstanley produced a pamphlet called the law freedom in a platform arguing that

A

every freeman shall have a freedom in the earth to plant to build or fetch from the storehouses anything he wants and shall enjoy the fruits of his labours without restraint from any

38
Q

the diggers influence

A

diggers had less influence then then levellers
small following
only lasted around a year before being destroyed by Fairfax and NMA
dominated by one person = Winstanley

39
Q

diggers significance can be found in the path they laid for future radicals

A

in establishment of their communes the diggers provide an example of early com 200 yrs before Karl Marx
started a radical Christian movement which aims to eliminate poverty and injustice
in their communes lived in harmony with nature forerunners of the environmental movement

40
Q

repression of then diggers

A

march 1649
a digger group had occupied a waste ground at st Georges Hill
believed in common ownership of all land
those who owned the land hostile
after a year due to hostility commune collapsed
other short lived digger communities in kent leicster notts

41
Q

what is millenarianism

A

a key strand in English puritanism and influenced movements such as the levellers and the diggers

42
Q

what are fifth monarchists

A

formal emergence of millenarians
campaigned for religious poltical and economic and social reform

43
Q

the term fifth monarchists derives from

A

the book of Daniel in the bible
Daniel had a vision of a kingdom that would last forever

44
Q

before the fifth monarchists there wasn’t a millenarian centred political group that was big enough to pose a real threat to the state

A
45
Q

fifth monarchists in the troops of the NMA key leader was

A

colonel Thomas Harrison

46
Q

both diggers and levellers were

A

crushed by the NMA

47
Q

1633 fifth monarchists were

A

close to poltical power by the influence of Thomas Harrison and establishment of nominated assembly

stuart britain (19 decks)

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