chapter 3

Question 1

the crown problems with inflation

Answer 1

• expenditure rising and inflation between 1502 and 1622
• crown income falling due to elizabeths failure to reform crowns sources of income

Question 2

consequences of the crowns financial weakness

Answer 2

• couldnt govern effectively , in particular couldnt conduct aggressive financial policy
• in wartime crown had no alternative funds as forced loans were not being approved by parliament
• in political nation the crown was intent on destroying the right of parliament to raise taxes

Question 3

james attempts at financial reform
robert cecil

Answer 3

1608 book of rates
imposed new duties on ome good and increased the rate of payments on others
1608 book of bounty
a survey of crown lands aiming to profit more of them by revising the leasing policy
1610 great contract
a financial reform that failed , an annual grant of £200,000 from parliament with removal of £600,000 worth of debts , in return crown give up some prerogrative income. rejcted and parliament disolved 1611.

Question 4

james attempts at financial reform
peace with spain

Answer 4

1604
treaty of london , makes peace with spain
- reduces financial expenditure significantly

Question 5

james attempts at financial reform
extravagance and patronage

Answer 5

1603
james becomes king of england , seems it as a place of wealth . 1603-25 james reign court spending was double what it was under elizabeth
1621
antensuper 1 for show 2 for eating cost £3300
1606
parliament granted three ;subsides to help debts but gave £44,000 to scot friends concern over their influence
- james was bale to buy good will from the political nation

Question 6

james attempts at financial reform
monoplies

Answer 6

1614
cockayne project
a monoply paced on production and sale of finished cloth granted to william cockyane then refused to buy cloth from england
- didnt help crown finances
1621
over 100 monoplies granted , increased favour for james , although many were corrupt.
- mompesson a relative of buckingham abused his monoplies for the licensing of inns , fled abroad after parliamentary investigations, mps further examined more of james monoplies

Question 7

james attempts at financial reform
lionel cranfield

Answer 7

a merhcant who became an advisor to buckingham
1618
investigated expenses in the crown household and looked for ways to reduce however does not adress fundamental issues of crown finance
- led to savings

Question 8

factors outsside of james control while trying financial reform

Answer 8

elizabeths failure to reform crowns sources of financial income
spanish war
inflation 1502-1622
bad harvests

Question 9

1617 debt
1620 debt

Answer 9

£726,000
£900,000

Question 10

james parliament of 1624

Answer 10

bad harvets 1623-24 , limits placed on the crowns powers
subsidy act 1924
granted a subsidy of £300,000 for warfare in order to gain this charles and buckingham ( the crown as ajmes was ill and old ) agreed was only for speicific areas of foreign policy , suprervised by parliamentary officials
statue of monoplies
limited the crowns rights to grant monoplies to individuals

Question 11

march 1625

Answer 11

james dies
no sytematic reform
crown financially weak
tension with political nation increased due to james souirce of income prerogrative and monoplies

Question 12

outline of thirty year war 1618-48

Answer 12

broke out 1618 after catholic ferdinand II was overthrown as king of bohemia
- then replaced by more moderate fredrick V of pasatinate
james avoided military involvemnt in the war charles chooses to be involved
fredrick died in 1632 the war contined as a political and religous struggle

Question 13

charles attempts at financial reform
thirty years war

Answer 13

charles planned to participate in war , joining the fight against spain
- planned for £1 million expenditure
failed to explain war plans properly to parliament leads to distrust

Question 14

charles attempts at financial reform
relations with parliament
t and p

Answer 14

1625
needed £1 million to go to war parliament show distrust by only granting two subsidies of £140,000
granted charles tonnage and pundage for one year rather then lifetime like james
charles viewed this as a direct attack on his prerogative , however charles continued to collect this after one year .
- mps did this to make a point that buckingham was failing responsibilty due to lack of succes in foreign policy
- charles thought parliament was too influenced by radicalists like edward coke

Question 15

charles attempt at financial reform
benevolence

Answer 15

monarch could demand money from its subjects through his prerogative in times of emergencys
VOLUNTARY
1626
very few offered money for charles

Question 16

charles attempts at financial reforms
forced loan

Answer 16

ensured that most of those who were liable paid up summonded to public meetings where they were indvidually pressurable to agree to pay , if they didnt seen as opposition to charles . becomes a political issue
- only £267,000 70% of expected amount collected ,76 impriosned for not paying loan

Question 17

factors outside charles attempts at finanical reform

Answer 17

parliament only giving him tonnage and poundage for a year

Question 18

1628
1629

Answer 18

1628 charles called parliament to requet more funds but parliament reluctant to co operate
1629 charles dissolved parliament in frustration at the lack of agreement on war funding , charles was £ 2 million in debt

Question 19

when was charles executed

Answer 19

1649