chapter eleven Flashcards
how was Charles position after the loss of first civil war in 1646
defeated militarily
strong position to negotiate settlement
what ddi Charles refuse to consider
parliaments settlement
played on devises between parliament , Scots and the nma
parliamentary factions
politcal presbysterians
key figures ; denzil holles and Phillip Stapleton
more moderate in nature “peace party”
conservative in social and political matters
favoured a negotiated peace with the king and willing to accept settlement on minimal terms
increasingly dichanted with nma
drew closer to Scots
supported presbyterian church , prevent social revolution
parliamentary factions
policial independents
key figures; Oliver Cromwell and ireton
more radical “war party”
disliked authoritarianism of scot presbyterians
wanted considerable measure of religious toleration
allied with nma , security against Charles
willing to settle with king and disband the nma if Charles gave up powers
1646 politcal presbyterians most influential partydue to what policy of theirs
peace policy
Newcastle propositions
July 1646
who were the Newcastle propositions presented by
political presbyterians in parliament as a plan for a settlement with Charles
what were the terms of the Newcastle propositions
Charles to accept presbyterianism in England for 3 years
parliament to control the army for 20 years
triennial act remains
only 58 royalists to not be pardoned
what was Charles response to the Newcastle propositions
stall in order for divisions against his opponents to develop
what did Charles agree to in winter 1646-7
a more lenient version of the Newcastle propositions and to implement a counter revolution
demobilising the nma and keep a small force to crush Irish catholics and to keep a safe army based in London
declaration of dislikes
holles , leader of pp, abused the nma in this document . stated that any army petitioner were “enemies to the state and disturbers of public peace”
what was the political presbyterians strategy
parliaments financial problem
owed army 3 million
this bought new radical force into settlement , the nma
how did the nma become politicised
their wages were 3 million in arrears , faced disbandment before this money was paid
possibility of being charged with offensives committed during the war as parliament hadn’t passed indemnity act
define indemnity act
a protection against loss
march 1647
nma petitioned parliament for redress of their grievances , parliament condoned this petition
may 1647
commons accepted Charles response to propositions , accepted presbyterianism for 3 years and loss of control of army for 10 years .
army angry too lenient , Charles could not honour them
25 may 1647
commons voted to disband the nma with only 8 weeks of arrears pay
June 1647
nma held a meeting at Newmarket on orders of Fairfax , organised to get an army settlement
2 June 1647
Charles seized by army in order to force a settlement for the army
4 June 1647
humble remonstrance
army declared the wouldn’t disband until needs were met
low march on London , pressuring parliament
5 June 1647
army presented solemn engagement , ireton wrote to parliament
reinforced by impeachment charges against 11 mps incl holles
army saw holles as leading parliament against them
14 June 1647
ireton and Lambert , representation of the army , outlined fundamentals of army political position .
wanted purge of parliaments
future parliaments of a fixed duration
guaranteed right of freedom of the people to petition parliament
an extension of religious freedom
jury 1647
adductors in the army felt the their demands were being met to slowly
heads of the army , ireton and Cromwell looked weak and moderate opened to hypocrisy
august 2 1647
heads of proposal , army settlement plan stated
regular biennial parliaments
reform parliamentary representation
parliaments control of army and navy
appointment of great offices of state for ten yrs
act of oblivion , religious settlement maintained bishops
Army had captured Charles which meant
they could negotiate directly with him to accept the heads of the proposals
army negotiations angered the army as the willingness to compromise caused divisions
26 July 1647
mob invaded commons
passed resolution inviting Charles to london
3 aug 1647
army outside lodnoin w political independents Marc he’d into Westminster on 6th
city of London on 8th
Charles duplicity was confirmed how
he had escaped from Hampton court nov 1647
nma and lower officers to reconcile and join forces against him
second civil war
1648-49
by the end of the first civil war there was a conservative reaction to
the intrusions of parliamentary administration , people were weary of the taxes to fund the NMA , inflation the county committees and the harshness of being at war
while Charles was imprisoned the four bills were sent to humbly parliament they were…
parliaments Newcastle propositions and armys head
11 nov 1647
Charles escaped from Hampton court and began to negotiate with Scots to help him campaign against parliament
end of dec 1647
Charles formally rejected the four bills
Scots saw agreement as securing their position in scotland
3 years enough time for presbyterianism to establish itself
Charles arranged a secret meeting with the faction of the Scottish covenanters and agreed to
three years presbyterianism in England in return for Scots help in invading England against parliament and restoring him to power
this engagement meant that ..
the covenanters would invade England against their previous allies and trigger a second civil war
threat of a Scottish invasion and another civil war hardened the parliamentarians and the army jan 1648…
parliament passes the vote of no address stating in effect that there would be no further negotiations with charles
April 1648
Windsor prayer meeting
what was signifiant about Windsor prayer meeting
NMA declared that Charles was the n’ man of blood ‘
army debated regicide in public for first time
1648
anti parliment / presbyterian rising in the South Wales , kent , east anglia , Yorkshire
- imminent invasion from Scots threatened NMA
how did NMA respond to threats
split forces to respond to each threat individually
Fairfax and Ireton dealt with risings in kent
Cromwell sent south Wales
Lambert slowed invanison in north
joined by Cromwell to face Scottish royalists troops
cromwell and Lambert ensured anti engagers led nay argyll were in power in edinborough
