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stuart britain > chapter eight > Flashcards

chapter eight Flashcards

1
Q

in 1629 why did the relationship between the pn and Charles collapse

A

as Charles believed in the divine right to rule which lead to his personal rule

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2
Q

during Charles personal rule what group gained importance

A

privy council , as there was no parliament

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3
Q

where did the personal rule face opposition

A

England
scotland
Ireland

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4
Q

who were the two dominant figures in the privy council

A

laud
juxon

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5
Q

how long did the person rule last q

A

11 years
1629-40

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6
Q

in 1629 how much debt was Charles in

A

2 million

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7
Q

what did the personal rule aim to do financial

A

raise revenue
cut expenditure

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8
Q

how did first chief financial minsters try to raise revenue and cut taxes

A
  1. 1630 securing peace w Spain , treaty of Madrid and 1629 securing peace with France , the treaty of Susa
  2. westons reforms pf court finance lowering the cost of running Charles court
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9
Q

both measure had negative political consequences consisting of ;

A

Charles withdrawal from the 30 yrs war , disliked by puritans .
reduction in court costs alienated the pn

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10
Q

three sources of crown income

A

1625 collection of t + p
1626 recusancy fines , increased from £5300 a year in 1620s to £26,866 a year in 1634.
1635 book of rates , £425,000 yearly

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11
Q

what was ship money meant to be used for

A

a prerogative from of income levied in times of emergency to fund the navy

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12
Q

when was ship money levied on costal towns and counties

A

October 1634

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13
Q

when was this further extended to inland countries

A

august 1635
levied annually in 1639

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14
Q

how much did ship money raise annually
how many subsisdies was this equivalent too

A

£200,000
3 subsidies

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15
Q

how did Charles exploit royal prerogative

A

fiscal feudalism
forest fines , fining landowners encroached on royal forests , only raised £38,667 , and alienated landowners

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16
Q

fiscal feudalism
feudal duties

A

crown had the right to run any estate inherited by an under 21 to adulthood
personal rule wardship increased by a third
£75,000 annually

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17
Q

when was the Scottish rebellion

A

1637-40

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18
Q

how did Charles himself cause the Scottish rebellion

A

cut himself off from the Scottish opinion
unaware of the discontent

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19
Q

what alienated Scots in the lead up to Scottish rebellion

A

imposition of laudiansim
role of bishops

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20
Q

what were Presbyterian Scots suspicious of

A

bishops

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21
Q

what did Scots do in July 1637

A

scottish bishops armed themselves when they read the new laudian prayer book
read in st Giles Edinborough
an organised protest became a full scale riot
nobles used this popular support to maintain control of opposition to laudianism

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22
Q

when did more riots occur

A

in Glasgow and edinborough October 1637

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23
Q

Charles didn’t back down during this with caused…

A

moderates to become more radical

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24
Q

feb 1638 what happened

A

Scottish petition presented Scottish national covenant

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25
Q

who was the Scottish national covenant written by

A

Presbyterian radicals

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26
Q

what was the Scottish national covenant manifesto

A

unite against Charles’ religious policy and maintain presbyterian as main religion in Scotland

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27
Q

what were the people who signed the Scottish national covenant called

A

covenanters

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28
Q

what did Charles lack to build an army and what was his solution

A

money
sought to collect ship Money

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29
Q

what did Charles soloution cause

A

opposition against ship money in England

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30
Q

when was the bishops war

A

1639-40

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31
Q

what did the bishops war signify

A

the changeling of the Scottish rebellion into an armed conflict

32
Q

how did Charles wanted to handle the Scots

A

without parliament

33
Q

what did Charles allow the Scots to do in sept 1638

A

call a religious general assembly

34
Q

what did the assembly do in November 1638

A

annul the cannon laws
abolish episcopacy

35
Q

what problems did Charles have in April 1639

A

had problems collecting ship money
Scots were even more prepared to face kings 15,000 untrained soldiers

36
Q

when was the truce of Berwick

A

June 1639

37
Q

what did the truce of Berwick agree

A

general assembly and parliament will disband their armies

38
Q

what did covenanters do after the treaty

A

did not trust Charles
so did not disband their army

39
Q

what was Charles reaction to the continued crisis

A

recalled Wentworth the lord deputy of Ireland

40
Q

what did Wentworth advise Charles to do

A

to call parliament in September 1639

41
Q

what was Charles aim from short parliament

A

to raise money to fight the Scots

42
Q

in august 1640 what did the Scots do

A

crossed the river tweed one England and occupied Newcastle

43
Q

why did parliament end

A

as Charles refused to compromise and dissolved it

44
Q

what did Charles agree to in October 1640

A

Truce of ripon

45
Q

what did the truce of Ripon state

A

Charles would pay the Scottish army living costs while they occupied English soil

46
Q

what did the opposition in Scotland change for Charles

A

his position in England more than the acts of overt opposition in Ireland

47
Q

when was the Irish rebellion

A

1641

48
Q

Wentworth alienated all groups in Ireland

A
49
Q

the Scottish rebellion and wentworths return to England prompted what

A

Irish catholics to act

50
Q

presbyterian Scots controlling scotland in allegiance w English puritans made Ireland fearful of what

A

th growing influence of catholcisim in England , threatening catholic Ireland

51
Q

with wentworth removed what did the Irish do

A

launched a pre emptive attack on radical outsiders by imposing harsh protestant rules on them

52
Q

Irish catholics launched pre emptive strikes against protestants in ulster massacring …

A

atleast 3000

53
Q

the Hampden case was when

A

1637

54
Q

john Hampden was a member of the …
and closey connected to what opponents …

A

gentry
Fiennes , Pym

55
Q

what happened in nov 1637

A

Charles took Hampden to court for his refusal to pay ship money , to merely make a point that Charles should be obeyed

56
Q

what was the judgement on the hamdpen case

A

narrow majority
7 judges to 5

57
Q

how is the Hampden case described

A

too politically costly a victory for Charles

58
Q

what does the Hamden case show for Charles

A

personal rule is under strain

59
Q

open opposition in England and Scotland showed

A

the puritan reaction to laudianism

60
Q

open religious opposition to regime showed

A

underlying discontent

61
Q

what did the Scottish rebellion do to Charles

A

undermine his authority as he had to call a parliament ending personal rule

62
Q

what also contributed to the failure of Charles personal rule

A

continuous rebellion of covenanters in 1637-40

63
Q

removal of Wentworth from Ireland to deal with Scottish rebellion and the pressure he came under in long parliament acted as a trigger for what

A

Irish rebellion 1641

64
Q

the short parliament was when

A

1640

65
Q

why did Charles call short parliament

A

to deal with Scottish rebellion

66
Q

how long did short parliament last

A

less then a month

67
Q

13 April 1640

A

Charles dissolved
5 may 1640

68
Q

King relied on majority of lords until

A

illegality of ship money was announced gaining him support from the commons

69
Q

however mps did not both for subsidies which led too

A

the bishops war

70
Q

key figures in parliament like pym and Fiennes were in league with …

A

Scottish covenanters

71
Q

mps more concerned about the king than what

A

Scots at the English border

72
Q

what did Charles realise

A

only significant concessions would gain him the 12 subsidies he wanted to fight Scots , dissolved parliament

73
Q

Charles arrested 3 members of hol which were …

A

leading critics
Warwick
broche
Fiennes

74
Q

who did he arrest from the hoc

A

Pym
Hampden

75
Q

what did Charles descion to face Scots w out parliamentary backing cause in 1640

A

increased tension and the development of the crisis that was to result in a civil war in England in 1642

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