chapter eight Flashcards
in 1629 why did the relationship between the pn and Charles collapse
as Charles believed in the divine right to rule which lead to his personal rule
during Charles personal rule what group gained importance
privy council , as there was no parliament
where did the personal rule face opposition
England
scotland
Ireland
who were the two dominant figures in the privy council
laud
juxon
how long did the person rule last q
11 years
1629-40
in 1629 how much debt was Charles in
2 million
what did the personal rule aim to do financial
raise revenue
cut expenditure
how did first chief financial minsters try to raise revenue and cut taxes
- 1630 securing peace w Spain , treaty of Madrid and 1629 securing peace with France , the treaty of Susa
- westons reforms pf court finance lowering the cost of running Charles court
both measure had negative political consequences consisting of ;
Charles withdrawal from the 30 yrs war , disliked by puritans .
reduction in court costs alienated the pn
three sources of crown income
1625 collection of t + p
1626 recusancy fines , increased from £5300 a year in 1620s to £26,866 a year in 1634.
1635 book of rates , £425,000 yearly
what was ship money meant to be used for
a prerogative from of income levied in times of emergency to fund the navy
when was ship money levied on costal towns and counties
October 1634
when was this further extended to inland countries
august 1635
levied annually in 1639
how much did ship money raise annually
how many subsisdies was this equivalent too
£200,000
3 subsidies
how did Charles exploit royal prerogative
fiscal feudalism
forest fines , fining landowners encroached on royal forests , only raised £38,667 , and alienated landowners
fiscal feudalism
feudal duties
crown had the right to run any estate inherited by an under 21 to adulthood
personal rule wardship increased by a third
£75,000 annually
when was the Scottish rebellion
1637-40
how did Charles himself cause the Scottish rebellion
cut himself off from the Scottish opinion
unaware of the discontent
what alienated Scots in the lead up to Scottish rebellion
imposition of laudiansim
role of bishops
what were Presbyterian Scots suspicious of
bishops
what did Scots do in July 1637
scottish bishops armed themselves when they read the new laudian prayer book
read in st Giles Edinborough
an organised protest became a full scale riot
nobles used this popular support to maintain control of opposition to laudianism
when did more riots occur
in Glasgow and edinborough October 1637
Charles didn’t back down during this with caused…
moderates to become more radical
feb 1638 what happened
Scottish petition presented Scottish national covenant
who was the Scottish national covenant written by
Presbyterian radicals
what was the Scottish national covenant manifesto
unite against Charles’ religious policy and maintain presbyterian as main religion in Scotland
what were the people who signed the Scottish national covenant called
covenanters
what did Charles lack to build an army and what was his solution
money
sought to collect ship Money
what did Charles soloution cause
opposition against ship money in England
when was the bishops war
1639-40
what did the bishops war signify
the changeling of the Scottish rebellion into an armed conflict
how did Charles wanted to handle the Scots
without parliament
what did Charles allow the Scots to do in sept 1638
call a religious general assembly
what did the assembly do in November 1638
annul the cannon laws
abolish episcopacy
what problems did Charles have in April 1639
had problems collecting ship money
Scots were even more prepared to face kings 15,000 untrained soldiers
when was the truce of Berwick
June 1639
what did the truce of Berwick agree
general assembly and parliament will disband their armies
what did covenanters do after the treaty
did not trust Charles
so did not disband their army
what was Charles reaction to the continued crisis
recalled Wentworth the lord deputy of Ireland
what did Wentworth advise Charles to do
to call parliament in September 1639
what was Charles aim from short parliament
to raise money to fight the Scots
in august 1640 what did the Scots do
crossed the river tweed one England and occupied Newcastle
why did parliament end
as Charles refused to compromise and dissolved it
what did Charles agree to in October 1640
Truce of ripon
what did the truce of Ripon state
Charles would pay the Scottish army living costs while they occupied English soil
what did the opposition in Scotland change for Charles
his position in England more than the acts of overt opposition in Ireland
when was the Irish rebellion
1641
Wentworth alienated all groups in Ireland
the Scottish rebellion and wentworths return to England prompted what
Irish catholics to act
presbyterian Scots controlling scotland in allegiance w English puritans made Ireland fearful of what
th growing influence of catholcisim in England , threatening catholic Ireland
with wentworth removed what did the Irish do
launched a pre emptive attack on radical outsiders by imposing harsh protestant rules on them
Irish catholics launched pre emptive strikes against protestants in ulster massacring …
atleast 3000
the Hampden case was when
1637
john Hampden was a member of the …
and closey connected to what opponents …
gentry
Fiennes , Pym
what happened in nov 1637
Charles took Hampden to court for his refusal to pay ship money , to merely make a point that Charles should be obeyed
what was the judgement on the hamdpen case
narrow majority
7 judges to 5
how is the Hampden case described
too politically costly a victory for Charles
what does the Hamden case show for Charles
personal rule is under strain
open opposition in England and Scotland showed
the puritan reaction to laudianism
open religious opposition to regime showed
underlying discontent
what did the Scottish rebellion do to Charles
undermine his authority as he had to call a parliament ending personal rule
what also contributed to the failure of Charles personal rule
continuous rebellion of covenanters in 1637-40
removal of Wentworth from Ireland to deal with Scottish rebellion and the pressure he came under in long parliament acted as a trigger for what
Irish rebellion 1641
the short parliament was when
1640
why did Charles call short parliament
to deal with Scottish rebellion
how long did short parliament last
less then a month
13 April 1640
Charles dissolved
5 may 1640
King relied on majority of lords until
illegality of ship money was announced gaining him support from the commons
however mps did not both for subsidies which led too
the bishops war
key figures in parliament like pym and Fiennes were in league with …
Scottish covenanters
mps more concerned about the king than what
Scots at the English border
what did Charles realise
only significant concessions would gain him the 12 subsidies he wanted to fight Scots , dissolved parliament
Charles arrested 3 members of hol which were …
leading critics
Warwick
broche
Fiennes
who did he arrest from the hoc
Pym
Hampden
what did Charles descion to face Scots w out parliamentary backing cause in 1640
increased tension and the development of the crisis that was to result in a civil war in England in 1642
