chapter eighteen

Question 1

the crowns attempts to manage parliament led to mutual mistrust ad the emergence of division in the period 1673-78 , when Danby was

Answer 1

most influential

Question 2

this division came to a head with the exclusion crisis which was an attempt to

Answer 2

exclude James Duke of York from the throne after 1678

Question 3

the ‘court’ referred to those who supported the

Answer 3

political and religious direction of the monarch

Question 4

the ‘country’ referred to those who who were

Answer 4

concerned about elements of the monarchs policy

Question 5

the court party was no a defined group , it consisted of

Answer 5

courtiers who supported the aims of Charles for a variety of reasons including shared beliefs but more generally ambition

Question 6

the court party , acted as a client of the monarch in parliament by

Answer 6

suggesting or supporting proposals they knew the king wanted to proceed with

Question 7

the cabal functioned as a court party , even though there were

Answer 7

differences between them , attempting to influence parliament

Question 8

the development of court and country parties started when the cabal was in power
by the time the cabal collapsed in 1674 the ‘country’ grouping had added to its number the

Answer 8

Duke of Buckingham and earl of Shaftesbury

Question 9

there was clearly some co ordination of parliamentary strategy by the country grouping in 1673-4 , for example the

Answer 9

1674 founding of the green ribbon club in a London tavern can be seen as a more formal generalisation of an ‘ opposition ‘ grouping.
the green ribbon club met up in the kings head tavern which was named after the green ribbons members wore to identify each other

Question 10

key figures in the court party

Answer 10

Charles II
Earl of Danby
Sir Robert Murray

Question 11

key figures in the country party

Answer 11

William Coventry
William Cavendish
Shaftesbury
Buckingham

Question 12

interests and aims in the court party

Answer 12

for Charles , to tolerate dissenters and catholics and to strengthen ties with catholic absolutist france

Question 13

interests and aims in the country party

Answer 13

they were anti catholic and close to the intolerant church of england
wanted to defend protestantism , domestically and abroad
were hostile to dissenters , catholics and france

Question 14

the courts attitude to parliament

Answer 14

they manipulated parliaments via crown patronage system

Question 15

the country’s attitude to parliament

Answer 15

disgusted the government believing it corrupt and wasteful
anti absolutist and wanted to defend the rights of parliament against the crowns prerogative §

Question 16

William coventry 1627-78 county party

Answer 16

prominent on the attack on claredon in 1667
in 1669 imprisoned in the tower for sending a challenge to the Duke of Buckingham
became promiment in the attacks on danby , he would not support the exclusion bill and went into self imposed political retirement after the dissolution in July 1679

Question 17

William Cavendish 1641-1701 country party

Answer 17

1670’s Cavendish moved towards a country position because of fear of popery , the French and distrust of the stuarts.
1673-4 he made frequent parliamentary attacks on the cabal
played an active role in the attempt to impeach on danby
more moderate in relation to exclusion , Cavendish voted against it in 1679
resigned with others from the privy council in 1680]]]]]

Question 18

after the fall of the cabal , danbys re emergence in politics with a more anglican , pro dutch policy did not ease the

Answer 18

court-country divison

Question 19

danbys crown patronage system was portrayed as trying to subvert the role of parliament , indeed danbys rile in politics encouraged the

Answer 19

development of a court faction

Question 20

in November 1675 the pamphlet ‘ a letter from a person of quality to his friend in the country ‘ was published , which was probably written by

Answer 20

Shaftesbury

Question 21

this pamphlet argued that there was a conspiracy to impose absolutism by a

Answer 21

’ distinct party ‘ of ‘ high episcopal ‘ men and ‘ cavalier ‘ men through a standing army

Question 22

this court party sought to turn parliament into a body that merely

Answer 22

supplied money to the crown

Question 23

in December 1677 Andrew Marvells ‘ an account of the growth of popery and arbitrary government ‘ argued that for some years there had been a

Answer 23

design to establish England ‘ into an absolute tyranny ‘ and to convert the established protestant religion into downright popery

Question 24

after the dutch and French signed the peace of Nijmegen in 1678 , Charles

Answer 24

prorogued parliament because he no longer needed war funds
however he kept his 30,000 troops and thus raised the country’s fears of absolutism through a standing army

Question 25

when it came into the open that danby had gone along with Charles continuing the links with the

Answer 25

French while getting money from parliament and raising troops , it totally undermined his position in parliament , and he was sacrificed by Charles in 1678

Question 26

historian Tim Harris argues that ‘ over the period 1660-78 the crown experienced a considerable loss of prestige ‘ his judgement was based on the following criteria

Answer 26

a monarch was supposed to be majestic
a monarch was expected to achieve glory for is nation through fp
an English monarch was supposed ti protect the subjects in lawful rights

Question 27

according to Harris , in ‘ all these resects the restoration regime proved a bitter disappointment ‘ and it was thus that provoked

Answer 27

a ‘ country ‘ or ‘ whig ‘ reaction and the exclusion crisis from 1678 onwards

Question 28

most historians agree that both the whigs and tories derived from the ‘ country ‘ and ‘ court ‘ divide respectively , the terms whig and tory became

Answer 28

widely used by 1681 when the whigs became most associated with the attempt to exclude James Duke of York from the throne because of his catholocism

Question 29

by the mid 1670s there was a social seperation based on taverns , coffee houses and clubs aligned with

Answer 29

whigs or tories

Question 30

whigs saw tories as

Answer 30

promoting popery

Question 31

tories saw whigs as

Answer 31

republicans

Question 32

key figures in the tories

Answer 32

Roger north
Edward Seymour
George Jefferys

Question 33

key figures in the whigs

Answer 33

Shaftesbury
sir William temple
sir Nicholas Carew

Question 34

tories beliefs

Answer 34

anti exclusionist
divine right
civil authority comes from god
no right of resistance even against tyranny
the threat of absolutism from dissenters , republicans and parliament
church of england

Question 35

whigs beliefs

Answer 35

exclusionist , supported the exclusion of James II from the succession
civil authority from the people
right of resistance against tyranny - contact of gov
threat of absolutism linked to Catholicism
parliament representative of people and protecter of protestansim , liberty
more favourable towards religious tolerance and dissent