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stuart britain > chapter nine > Flashcards

chapter nine Flashcards

1
Q

when did long parliament first sit

A

3 November 1640

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2
Q

what did some mps argue about the dissolution of parliament

A

only they could dissolve it but didnt till 1660

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3
Q

at the start of long parliament what did mps want

A

their grievances addressed
few wanted war

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4
Q

1640 what were mps loosely united on

A

united against the abuses of personal rule
reform Charles rule

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5
Q

what happened int he early years of parliament

A

passed laws

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6
Q

Bedfords proposed financial settlement

A

made by him and Pym notably
wanted abolition of confrontational, financial and political aspects of personal rule
a return to Elizabethan based broad protestant church
- a separate financial settlement for charles

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7
Q

why did Bedfords bridge negotiations not go ahead

A

due to his death in 1641
no progress

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8
Q

when was Wentworth impeached

A

1640

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9
Q

nov 1640

A

first act of long parliament to impeat Wentworth for attempting to bring Irish army to help Charles control the country

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10
Q

what did parliament hope to happen without evil councillors of Charles’

A

hoped Charles would see the need to accept reform and rule with parliament

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11
Q

with evil councillors removed who replaced them

A

Pym
befdord

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12
Q

when was wentworths trial before parliament

A

march 1641

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13
Q

who was the prominent leading figure in the impeachment

A

pym

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14
Q

what did Wentworth do in 1641

A

defend himself

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15
Q

after Wentworth defended himself what was decided next

A

proceed against Wentworth with a bill of attainder in 1641

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16
Q

what did the bill of attainder sate

A

anyone who was seen as a threat to the state can be removed by parliament w out trial

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17
Q

who supported the bill of attainder

A

some parliamentarians
ie Warwick

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18
Q

who was cautious due to the bill of attainder

A

bedford
still negotiating bridge agreements

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19
Q

why was Bedfords influence limited in feb 1641

A

Scots refused to make peace unless there was an end to bishop war and Wentworth was dead

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20
Q

what did Charles cause

A

heightened political tension
undermined wentworths position

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21
Q

what was ordered on April 1461

A

all officers to return their commands with the English army

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22
Q

what was this order seen as

A

a plan to use army against parliament , coinciding with rumours Charles was going to dissolve parliament

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23
Q

what spurred on commons to pass the bill of attainder

A

the army plot

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24
Q

commons passed bill of attainder against Wentworth by …

A

264 voters to 59
total voters only half mps

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25
Q

what did the bill need to become an act

A

royal assent

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26
Q

why did Charles give assent

A

heightened atomosphere due to army plot
catholic influence
increasing presence of ldn mob

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27
Q

after Charles gave assent what happened to Wentworth

A

arrested and sentenced to death

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28
Q

after the act was passed what was Charles less inclined to do

A

work with parliament

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29
Q

what was the ldn mob

A

in its basis a deragortory term based on the fear of a revolution
mps well aware of mobilising this support for campaigns
15,000 londoners signed root and branch petition
defend the tower of ldn amid army plot rumours may 1641

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30
Q

Pym leading figure in common ,

A

chief opponent to Charles

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31
Q

what were pyms aims

A

removal and punishment of Charles evil councillors
political settlement without threat of being overturned by Charles
removal of threat of catholic popery and the establishment of strong protestantism

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32
Q

in the 1620’s what were pyms aims and beliefs

A

not radical
wanted to achieve adequate funding of royal government and unite pn

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33
Q

when did gyms views change

A

under long parliament
more radical

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34
Q

what Charles continue to threaten to use

A

force

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35
Q

what did Pym do during long parliament to achieve his aims

A

impeached Wentworth and laud
form working alliance w covenanters military protection for lp
support Bedfords bridge appointment scheme
use parliamentary financial pressures to control Charles political options
Charles t+p on a two monthly basis
parliament to transfer key prerogative powers of the crown to itself

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36
Q

what did Pym have a key role in passing in 1628

A

petition of right

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37
Q

root and branch petition was when

A

1640
a religious affair
a puritan petition

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38
Q

how many Londoners signed the root and branch petition

A

15,000

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39
Q

what did the root and branch petition want

A

end of bishops and episcopacy

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40
Q

who supported the root and branch petition

A

mps like pym as they wanted to reduce charles power

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41
Q

how did moderates see the petition

A

as an attack on the hierarchy of society itself

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42
Q

how did hoc water down the petition

A

just demanded that bishops have less involvement in secular public life
(where the bishops sat as lords)

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43
Q

when was the triennial act passed

A

15 feb 1641

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44
Q

what did the triennial act abolish

A

ship money w parliamentary consent

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45
Q

what did the triennial acts state Charles had to do

A

call parliament every 3 years and it should last a minimum of 50 days, if he failed to do so lord chancellor called it

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46
Q

why did the triennial act prevent

A

another extended period of personal rule

47
Q

how did parliament develop a royalist party

A

DIVISIONS
preventing personal rule , how to prevent it
bill of attainder , constitutionally dangerous
religion , role of bishops

48
Q

why did the royalist party begin

A

reaction against radicals in may 1641
mps like John pym going to far against Charles, execution of Wentworth and end of bishops
- this developed into constitutional royalism as those looked to the monarchy not Charles to protect intrest of their country
WITHOUT THE REACTION AGAINST RADICALS like John Pym this faction never came into existence .
without royalists = no civil war
POLITICAL

49
Q

when was the ten propositions proposed

A

1641

50
Q

the ten propositions were radical propositions and therefore supported by

A

radical mps like John Pym

51
Q

what did the ten propositions build off

A

events in may 1641

52
Q

what did the ten propositions demand

A

mps to have a say in whose appointed to Charles privy council
mps to control religious education of royal family

53
Q

did Charles accept this
what was made clear to him

A

no
made clear to him that parliament wanted to reduce his power
POLITICAL RELIGIOUS AFFAIR

54
Q

‘the incident ‘ was when

A

October 1641

55
Q

how did the incident begin

A

when Charles was in Scotland there was a royalist party plot to kidnap radical Scottish covenanters

56
Q

the instigators included more extreme roaylsist such as earl of Crawford and moderate covenanters like Montrose that wanted …

A

to be rid of leading bishops like the earl of argyll

57
Q

what did the incident to do to Charles position
and how was he linked to the incident

A

destroy Charles hopes of gaining further support in Scotland as he was linked to it as he attended parliament in Scotland on oct 12
accompanied by an armed force

58
Q

when did Charles leave Scotland after th incident

A

17 nov
the same time news of the Irish rebellion broke

59
Q

the Irish rebellion was when

A

October 1641-41

60
Q

how did the Irish rebellion start

A

after the execution of Wentworth Ireland was effectively without a royal figure head to keep order and Irish catholics started to try keep the oder themselves

61
Q

what did the Irish catholics realise and then act on

A

without a royal figure head things may change so they launched pre emptive strikes against English protestants in the ulster killing around 3000

62
Q

when news reached England of these pre emptive strikes what happened

A

mass hysteria and panic amongst mps began as Charles was seen to close to catholics

63
Q

why were protestant mps radicalised during the Irish rebellion

A

as they moved further away from Charles , many were radicalised before

64
Q

Charles now could not be trusted to do what to stop the Irish rebellion

A

send an army to Ireland

65
Q

how did Conrad Russel describe the impact of the Irish rebellion

A

a billard ball effect
the rebellion was prompted by events in England and Scotland

66
Q

when was the grand remonstrance

A

nov 1641

67
Q

what was the grand remonstrance

A

a list of criticisms of Charles

68
Q

what did the grand remonstrance show

A

Charles couldn’t be trusted to send an army to Ireland to crush the rebellion

69
Q

when did the grand remonstrance come out in ref to Charles

A

Charles was on his way back from Scotland

70
Q

how was the grand remonstrance worded to not attack Charles

A

attack his government

71
Q

where was the grand remonstrance shared publicly

A

in London to enthuse crowds and turn anti royalist people against Charles
most were royalists

72
Q

grand remonstrance was passed through parliament however

A

there was only a small number of mps present to vote . many feared the current tensions and did not want to be involved anymore
POLITIClCAL

73
Q

Pym introduced a new instruction to grand remonstrance in nov 1641 stating that

A

if parliament was going to help raise an army to go to Ireland , charles should only appoint councillors approved by parliament
Pam won this narrowly 151 votes to 110

74
Q

the militia bill was when

A

December 1641

75
Q

what did the militia bill state

A

parliament would control Englands army and control the army sent to crush the Irish rebellion

76
Q

how did royalist mps and Charles view the militia bill

A

saw it to be directly attacking Charles royal perogative , his right to declare war and control foreign policy

77
Q

how did the militia bill further divide mps

A
  • royalists in parliament were opposed to the militia bill and grand remonstrance
78
Q

how did Charles now present himself after the proposal of militia bill

A

as he was the one defending England’s traditions and constitution , helping win over constitutional royalists ie Edward Hyde

79
Q

how did radical mps perceive Charles

A

as trashing the constitution and king prerogative

80
Q

during the militia bill how much support did Charles have in country and parliament

A

40-50%
those who believed in divine right of king
POLTIICAL FOREIGIN AFFAIRS

81
Q

when was the 5 member coup

A

January 1642

82
Q

what prompted the 5 members coup

A

deepening diviisons in parliament over the grand remonstrance and the militia bill

83
Q

3rd jan 1642

A

Charles announced the impeachment of key opponents including Pym and Montagu

84
Q

prior to 3 jan 1642 what had commons already voted on in dec 1641

A

impeachment abasing the bishops which led to
their removal and loss of significant royalist support in the lords

85
Q

during the 5 members coup how did Charles regard parliament

A

being subverted by a small radical group motivated by their puritanism

86
Q

4th jan 1642

A

Charles entered commons with a force to arrest them they had been forewarned and left
coup=failed

87
Q

what did Pym use the coop as proof of

A

the danger Charles posed and he couldnt be negotiated with

88
Q

what did the coup lead to

A

popular demonstrations against Charles
compelled him to leave ldn with his family to Hampton court for safety

89
Q

what did Charles leaving ldn after the coupe effectively do

A

gave control of ldn to parliament , next time Charles was seen in ldn was for his execution in 1649

90
Q

what did the attempted coup show

A

physical division between king and parliament made negotiation difficult , illustrated shift to conflict
strengthen the position of parliamentary radicals which pushed the exclusion bill and prevent bishops in hol

91
Q

when was the exclusion bill

A

feb 1642

92
Q

what prompted the exclusion bill 1642

A

end of dec 1641 petition for removal of bishops from parliament had 30,000 signatures

93
Q

5 feb 1642

A

lords accepted the exclusion bill due to then pressure from the ldn crowd

94
Q

what did the exclusion bill ultimately do

A

lessen the influence of the king on parliament

95
Q

how was the militia bill of 1642 passed in February

A

as an ordianance

96
Q

militia ordinance meant …

A

charle had not gave his approval to the bill

97
Q

what did parliament propose to support the militia ordinance

A

£400,000 from ship money

98
Q

in response to the militia ordinance what did Charles do in April 1642

A

attempted to seize military supplies at hull without parliamentary knowledge acting aga8inst constitutional royalist propaganda

99
Q

what did majority of both sides still want to avoid during militia ordinance

A

war

100
Q

during the militia ordinance ad after what did Yorkshire use to prevent war

A

used the kingship ties that bound them to construct neutrality pacts
radicals motivated by religion

101
Q

when was the nineteen propositions

A

1642

102
Q

when was the nineteen propositions proposed

A

June 1642

103
Q

what did the nineteen propositions state

A

all privy councillors to be approved by parliament
5 impeached mps = pardoned
Charles to accept triennial act and militia ordinance
parliament would be direct a reformation of the church

104
Q

response to the nineteen propositions

A

constitutional royalists wrote ‘the answer to the nineteen propositions’ for the king
portrayed the king as the force that would prevent anarchy
stated parliaments proposals would lead to ‘a dark equal chaos of confusion’ I. which the threat off popular rebellion was imminent

105
Q

define iconoclasm

A

the destruction or damaging of icons in churches , focused on stained glass windows or statues

106
Q

the presence of iconoclasm confirmed what

A

both the church and the monarchy should be maintained in order to establish order

107
Q

what was iconoclasm linked to

A

the fear of the increasing influence of Pym and the radical mps

108
Q

pym bought a resolution through commons in sept 1641 encouraging …

A

iconoclasm against popish images and altar rails

109
Q

summary

A

outbreak of civil war in England due to number of factors combined produce conflict
Scottish rebllion 1637
irish rebellion 1641 = radicalised English politics
those most committed to religion more prepared to take action
CHARLES sparked Scottish rebellion
policies in Ireland contributed to Irish rebellion
imposition of laudiansim radicalised English puritans
civil war was less likely w out Charles

110
Q

december 1640

A

root and branch petition demanded the end of episcopacy

111
Q

december 1640

A

root and branch petition demanded the end of episcopacy

112
Q

june 1641

A

the ten propositions
restrictions against charles

113
Q

august 1641

A

cumbernauld band supporting charles

stuart britain (24 decks)

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