chapter nine Flashcards
when did long parliament first sit
3 November 1640
what did some mps argue about the dissolution of parliament
only they could dissolve it but didnt till 1660
at the start of long parliament what did mps want
their grievances addressed
few wanted war
1640 what were mps loosely united on
united against the abuses of personal rule
reform Charles rule
what happened int he early years of parliament
passed laws
Bedfords proposed financial settlement
made by him and Pym notably
wanted abolition of confrontational, financial and political aspects of personal rule
a return to Elizabethan based broad protestant church
- a separate financial settlement for charles
why did Bedfords bridge negotiations not go ahead
due to his death in 1641
no progress
when was Wentworth impeached
1640
nov 1640
first act of long parliament to impeat Wentworth for attempting to bring Irish army to help Charles control the country
what did parliament hope to happen without evil councillors of Charles’
hoped Charles would see the need to accept reform and rule with parliament
with evil councillors removed who replaced them
Pym
befdord
when was wentworths trial before parliament
march 1641
who was the prominent leading figure in the impeachment
pym
what did Wentworth do in 1641
defend himself
after Wentworth defended himself what was decided next
proceed against Wentworth with a bill of attainder in 1641
what did the bill of attainder sate
anyone who was seen as a threat to the state can be removed by parliament w out trial
who supported the bill of attainder
some parliamentarians
ie Warwick
who was cautious due to the bill of attainder
bedford
still negotiating bridge agreements
why was Bedfords influence limited in feb 1641
Scots refused to make peace unless there was an end to bishop war and Wentworth was dead
what did Charles cause
heightened political tension
undermined wentworths position
what was ordered on April 1461
all officers to return their commands with the English army
what was this order seen as
a plan to use army against parliament , coinciding with rumours Charles was going to dissolve parliament
what spurred on commons to pass the bill of attainder
the army plot
commons passed bill of attainder against Wentworth by …
264 voters to 59
total voters only half mps
what did the bill need to become an act
royal assent
why did Charles give assent
heightened atomosphere due to army plot
catholic influence
increasing presence of ldn mob
after Charles gave assent what happened to Wentworth
arrested and sentenced to death
after the act was passed what was Charles less inclined to do
work with parliament
what was the ldn mob
in its basis a deragortory term based on the fear of a revolution
mps well aware of mobilising this support for campaigns
15,000 londoners signed root and branch petition
defend the tower of ldn amid army plot rumours may 1641
Pym leading figure in common ,
chief opponent to Charles
what were pyms aims
removal and punishment of Charles evil councillors
political settlement without threat of being overturned by Charles
removal of threat of catholic popery and the establishment of strong protestantism
in the 1620’s what were pyms aims and beliefs
not radical
wanted to achieve adequate funding of royal government and unite pn
when did gyms views change
under long parliament
more radical
what Charles continue to threaten to use
force
what did Pym do during long parliament to achieve his aims
impeached Wentworth and laud
form working alliance w covenanters military protection for lp
support Bedfords bridge appointment scheme
use parliamentary financial pressures to control Charles political options
Charles t+p on a two monthly basis
parliament to transfer key prerogative powers of the crown to itself
what did Pym have a key role in passing in 1628
petition of right
root and branch petition was when
1640
a religious affair
a puritan petition
how many Londoners signed the root and branch petition
15,000
what did the root and branch petition want
end of bishops and episcopacy
who supported the root and branch petition
mps like pym as they wanted to reduce charles power
how did moderates see the petition
as an attack on the hierarchy of society itself
how did hoc water down the petition
just demanded that bishops have less involvement in secular public life
(where the bishops sat as lords)
when was the triennial act passed
15 feb 1641
what did the triennial act abolish
ship money w parliamentary consent
what did the triennial acts state Charles had to do
call parliament every 3 years and it should last a minimum of 50 days, if he failed to do so lord chancellor called it
why did the triennial act prevent
another extended period of personal rule
how did parliament develop a royalist party
DIVISIONS
preventing personal rule , how to prevent it
bill of attainder , constitutionally dangerous
religion , role of bishops
why did the royalist party begin
reaction against radicals in may 1641
mps like John pym going to far against Charles, execution of Wentworth and end of bishops
- this developed into constitutional royalism as those looked to the monarchy not Charles to protect intrest of their country
WITHOUT THE REACTION AGAINST RADICALS like John Pym this faction never came into existence .
without royalists = no civil war
POLITICAL
when was the ten propositions proposed
1641
the ten propositions were radical propositions and therefore supported by
radical mps like John Pym
what did the ten propositions build off
events in may 1641
what did the ten propositions demand
mps to have a say in whose appointed to Charles privy council
mps to control religious education of royal family
did Charles accept this
what was made clear to him
no
made clear to him that parliament wanted to reduce his power
POLITICAL RELIGIOUS AFFAIR
‘the incident ‘ was when
October 1641
how did the incident begin
when Charles was in Scotland there was a royalist party plot to kidnap radical Scottish covenanters
the instigators included more extreme roaylsist such as earl of Crawford and moderate covenanters like Montrose that wanted …
to be rid of leading bishops like the earl of argyll
what did the incident to do to Charles position
and how was he linked to the incident
destroy Charles hopes of gaining further support in Scotland as he was linked to it as he attended parliament in Scotland on oct 12
accompanied by an armed force
when did Charles leave Scotland after th incident
17 nov
the same time news of the Irish rebellion broke
the Irish rebellion was when
October 1641-41
how did the Irish rebellion start
after the execution of Wentworth Ireland was effectively without a royal figure head to keep order and Irish catholics started to try keep the oder themselves
what did the Irish catholics realise and then act on
without a royal figure head things may change so they launched pre emptive strikes against English protestants in the ulster killing around 3000
when news reached England of these pre emptive strikes what happened
mass hysteria and panic amongst mps began as Charles was seen to close to catholics
why were protestant mps radicalised during the Irish rebellion
as they moved further away from Charles , many were radicalised before
Charles now could not be trusted to do what to stop the Irish rebellion
send an army to Ireland
how did Conrad Russel describe the impact of the Irish rebellion
a billard ball effect
the rebellion was prompted by events in England and Scotland
when was the grand remonstrance
nov 1641
what was the grand remonstrance
a list of criticisms of Charles
what did the grand remonstrance show
Charles couldn’t be trusted to send an army to Ireland to crush the rebellion
when did the grand remonstrance come out in ref to Charles
Charles was on his way back from Scotland
how was the grand remonstrance worded to not attack Charles
attack his government
where was the grand remonstrance shared publicly
in London to enthuse crowds and turn anti royalist people against Charles
most were royalists
grand remonstrance was passed through parliament however
there was only a small number of mps present to vote . many feared the current tensions and did not want to be involved anymore
POLITIClCAL
Pym introduced a new instruction to grand remonstrance in nov 1641 stating that
if parliament was going to help raise an army to go to Ireland , charles should only appoint councillors approved by parliament
Pam won this narrowly 151 votes to 110
the militia bill was when
December 1641
what did the militia bill state
parliament would control Englands army and control the army sent to crush the Irish rebellion
how did royalist mps and Charles view the militia bill
saw it to be directly attacking Charles royal perogative , his right to declare war and control foreign policy
how did the militia bill further divide mps
- royalists in parliament were opposed to the militia bill and grand remonstrance
how did Charles now present himself after the proposal of militia bill
as he was the one defending England’s traditions and constitution , helping win over constitutional royalists ie Edward Hyde
how did radical mps perceive Charles
as trashing the constitution and king prerogative
during the militia bill how much support did Charles have in country and parliament
40-50%
those who believed in divine right of king
POLTIICAL FOREIGIN AFFAIRS
when was the 5 member coup
January 1642
what prompted the 5 members coup
deepening diviisons in parliament over the grand remonstrance and the militia bill
3rd jan 1642
Charles announced the impeachment of key opponents including Pym and Montagu
prior to 3 jan 1642 what had commons already voted on in dec 1641
impeachment abasing the bishops which led to
their removal and loss of significant royalist support in the lords
during the 5 members coup how did Charles regard parliament
being subverted by a small radical group motivated by their puritanism
4th jan 1642
Charles entered commons with a force to arrest them they had been forewarned and left
coup=failed
what did Pym use the coop as proof of
the danger Charles posed and he couldnt be negotiated with
what did the coup lead to
popular demonstrations against Charles
compelled him to leave ldn with his family to Hampton court for safety
what did Charles leaving ldn after the coupe effectively do
gave control of ldn to parliament , next time Charles was seen in ldn was for his execution in 1649
what did the attempted coup show
physical division between king and parliament made negotiation difficult , illustrated shift to conflict
strengthen the position of parliamentary radicals which pushed the exclusion bill and prevent bishops in hol
when was the exclusion bill
feb 1642
what prompted the exclusion bill 1642
end of dec 1641 petition for removal of bishops from parliament had 30,000 signatures
5 feb 1642
lords accepted the exclusion bill due to then pressure from the ldn crowd
what did the exclusion bill ultimately do
lessen the influence of the king on parliament
how was the militia bill of 1642 passed in February
as an ordianance
militia ordinance meant …
charle had not gave his approval to the bill
what did parliament propose to support the militia ordinance
£400,000 from ship money
in response to the militia ordinance what did Charles do in April 1642
attempted to seize military supplies at hull without parliamentary knowledge acting aga8inst constitutional royalist propaganda
what did majority of both sides still want to avoid during militia ordinance
war
during the militia ordinance ad after what did Yorkshire use to prevent war
used the kingship ties that bound them to construct neutrality pacts
radicals motivated by religion
when was the nineteen propositions
1642
when was the nineteen propositions proposed
June 1642
what did the nineteen propositions state
all privy councillors to be approved by parliament
5 impeached mps = pardoned
Charles to accept triennial act and militia ordinance
parliament would be direct a reformation of the church
response to the nineteen propositions
constitutional royalists wrote ‘the answer to the nineteen propositions’ for the king
portrayed the king as the force that would prevent anarchy
stated parliaments proposals would lead to ‘a dark equal chaos of confusion’ I. which the threat off popular rebellion was imminent
define iconoclasm
the destruction or damaging of icons in churches , focused on stained glass windows or statues
the presence of iconoclasm confirmed what
both the church and the monarchy should be maintained in order to establish order
what was iconoclasm linked to
the fear of the increasing influence of Pym and the radical mps
pym bought a resolution through commons in sept 1641 encouraging …
iconoclasm against popish images and altar rails
summary
outbreak of civil war in England due to number of factors combined produce conflict
Scottish rebllion 1637
irish rebellion 1641 = radicalised English politics
those most committed to religion more prepared to take action
CHARLES sparked Scottish rebellion
policies in Ireland contributed to Irish rebellion
imposition of laudiansim radicalised English puritans
civil war was less likely w out Charles
december 1640
root and branch petition demanded the end of episcopacy
december 1640
root and branch petition demanded the end of episcopacy
june 1641
the ten propositions
restrictions against charles
august 1641
cumbernauld band supporting charles
