Chapter One : Immune Cell Types

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

Mainly a virus, bacteria, protist, or fungi that causes disease

Question 2

What is the function of the immune System?

Answer 2

it detects and destroys invading pathogens

Question 3

Which branch of the immune system is the rapid but non-specific response?

Answer 3

The Innate Immune System

Question 4

Which branch of the immune system is highly specific?

Answer 4

The adaptive (acquire) immune response

Question 5

What is the meaning of Hematopoiesis?

Answer 5

The generation of blood

Question 6

Leukocytes are essentially:

Answer 6

White blood cells

Question 7

Every blood cell derives from,

Answer 7

Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the bone marrow

Question 8

What are the three Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes?

Answer 8

1. Neutrophil
2. Eosinophil
3. Basophil

Question 9

How do Neutrophils, Basophils, and eosinophils behave?

Answer 9

They circulate the blood and migrate to tissue that has been infected from the nearest blood vessel

Question 10

What is an immature Macrophage referred to as?

Answer 10

Monocyte

Question 11

What are some differences between a Neutrophil and a Macrophage?

Answer 11

A Neutrophil has a more rapid response and dies soon after while a macrophage has a much slower response and lives longer

Question 12

What are the 3 mechanisms Neutrophils and Macrophages use to attach pathogens?

Answer 12

Phagocytosis, Respiratory Burst , and Deregulation

Question 13

How are respiratory burst activated?

Answer 13

Initiated by phagocytosis which activated NADPH oxidase.

Question 14

What are the contents of a Neutrophil?

Answer 14

Secretory Granules that include Antimicrobial Enzymes and Antimicrobial peptides

Question 15

Lysozymes and elastase do what to a microbe?

Answer 15

Digest them

Question 16

What is the function of a defensin?

Answer 16

It is a antimicrobial peptide that penetrates the microbial membrane and disrupts its integrity

Question 17

Why are secretory granules significant?

Answer 17

They are designed for rapid firing. They store pre-made component that can be released right after cell stimulation

Question 18

How do macrophages respond to pathogens?

Answer 18

increases transcription and secretion proteins called cytokines

Question 19

What are cytokines?

Answer 19

orchestrate and amplify the immune response

Question 20

Long periods of activation from a macrophage could run the risk of what?

Answer 20

excessive damage to host tissue

Question 21

What is the innate immune systems response to viruses called?

Answer 21

interferon response and recruits natural killer cells

Question 22

What are some of the physical defenses the body has against pathogens?

Answer 22

The skin and mucous membranes

saliva and tears

Question 23

Where do B and T cells develop

Answer 23

B cells develop in the Bone Marrow

T cells develop in the Thymus

Question 24

What are the 2 major functions of antibodies?

Answer 24

To neutralize and opsonize (make more susceptible to phagocytosis)