Chapter One : Immune Cell Types Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
Mainly a virus, bacteria, protist, or fungi that causes disease
What is the function of the immune System?
it detects and destroys invading pathogens
Which branch of the immune system is the rapid but non-specific response?
The Innate Immune System
Which branch of the immune system is highly specific?
The adaptive (acquire) immune response
What is the meaning of Hematopoiesis?
The generation of blood
Leukocytes are essentially:
White blood cells
Every blood cell derives from,
Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the bone marrow
What are the three Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes?
- Neutrophil
- Eosinophil
- Basophil
How do Neutrophils, Basophils, and eosinophils behave?
They circulate the blood and migrate to tissue that has been infected from the nearest blood vessel
What is an immature Macrophage referred to as?
Monocyte
What are some differences between a Neutrophil and a Macrophage?
A Neutrophil has a more rapid response and dies soon after while a macrophage has a much slower response and lives longer
What are the 3 mechanisms Neutrophils and Macrophages use to attach pathogens?
Phagocytosis, Respiratory Burst , and Deregulation
How are respiratory burst activated?
Initiated by phagocytosis which activated NADPH oxidase.
What are the contents of a Neutrophil?
Secretory Granules that include Antimicrobial Enzymes and Antimicrobial peptides
Lysozymes and elastase do what to a microbe?
Digest them
What is the function of a defensin?
It is a antimicrobial peptide that penetrates the microbial membrane and disrupts its integrity
Why are secretory granules significant?
They are designed for rapid firing. They store pre-made component that can be released right after cell stimulation
How do macrophages respond to pathogens?
increases transcription and secretion proteins called cytokines
What are cytokines?
orchestrate and amplify the immune response
Long periods of activation from a macrophage could run the risk of what?
excessive damage to host tissue
What is the innate immune systems response to viruses called?
interferon response and recruits natural killer cells
What are some of the physical defenses the body has against pathogens?
The skin and mucous membranes
saliva and tears
Where do B and T cells develop
B cells develop in the Bone Marrow
T cells develop in the Thymus
What are the 2 major functions of antibodies?
To neutralize and opsonize (make more susceptible to phagocytosis)
