CHAPTER: Neuro Path Flashcards
2 histo findings and where each are found for Alz - which correlates with the degree of dementia?
NF tangles = tau = intra-cell # tangles correlates with degree of dementia AB amyloid - plaques @ gray matter Complication amyloid angiopathy -> intracranial hemm
What are Pick bodies? How does their location in the brain contribute to symptoms?
Pick = tau
@ frontal cortex = behavioral changes
@ temporal cortex = language changes (aphasia)
Can progress to dementia
Presentation of Lewy body dementia
Dementia :
- Visual hallucinations
- Parkinson features (tremor) - once LBs infiltrate SN
Presentation osmotic demyelination syndrome before it progresses to locked in syndrome
Acute paralysis Change speech Diplopia Lose consciousness Think PONS
What happens if you correct HYPERna too fast?
Cerebral edema + herniation
Presentation of MS
Sudden vision loss w/ blown pupils INP Hemiparesis / sensory loss Bladder/bowel problems SIN: Scanning speech Intention tremor Nystagmus
Dx MS labs + imaging
Labs: oligoclonal Ig in CSF + myelin basic protein (from demyelin)
Perventi spots on MRI separated in space + time
You know GB presents with ascending paralysis - what are other presentations
↑ICP b/c ↑protein in CSF -> papilledema
Facial paralysis
Autonomic dysreg: ↑HR, ↓BP
What CNS change might occur after chicken pox//measles infection or rabies//small pox vaccine
Peri-vent demyelin
Lesions all at 1 time (vs MS)
Inheritance, problem and presentation of Charcot Marie Tooth disease
AD - can’t make proteins for myelin or peripheral nerves
- High arch foot
- LE weakness
Inheritance, enzyme def, accum proteins of Krabbe
AR - lysosomal storage
X galactocerebrosidase
↑GC + psychosine = causes damage
Symptoms + histo findings Krabbe
Peripheral neuropathy
Mental delay
Optic atrophy
Globoid cells on histo
Inheritance, enzyme def, accum of proteins of MCLD
AR - lysosomal storage
X Aryl-sulfatase A
↑Sulfatides
Symptoms of MCLD
Peripheral AND central demyelinaiton
Ataxia + dementia
Inheritance adrenoleukodystrophy
XL - can’t breakdown very long chain FAs
Most common origin partial seizures
Medial temporal lobe
3 substances released that cause migraines
Sub P
Calcitonin gene related peptide - CGRP
Vasoactive peptides
What’s the difference between trigeminal neuralgia vs cluster headaches?
Trigem = lasts seconds Cluster = mins/hrs
Describe nystamgus of peripheral vs central vertigo
Peripheral = delayed horizontal Central = immediate nystagmus in any direction (brain stem or cerebellar lesion)
Tumor syndrome that presents with Hemangioblastomas in the brain + spine Cavernous hemangiomas in skin/organs Bilat RCC Pheo
VHL - chr 3
Disease + inheritance of: Cafe au lait Lisch nodules = iris hamartomas Cutaneous neurofibromas Optic gliomas Pheo
NF1- chr 17
AD w/ full penetrance but variable expression
Parent and child with same disorder but different symptoms
Problem + symptoms of Sturge Weber
Somatic mutation - bad neural crest cells
- Port wine birth mark on V1/2 dist of face
- Angiomas in brain -> seizures
- ↑IOP -> early glaucoma
Adult tumor that presents in frontal lobes
Oligodendroglioma
Adult tumor with thin walled capillaries and little parenchyma in the middle
Hemangioblastoma - makes sense! Think VHL
