Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 20 > Chapter 9.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 9.1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do waste products do to cells?

A

Change the balance of volume of water and the concentration and composition of dissolved substances in the body’s fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the basic function of the excretory system?

A

Regulate the volume and composition of body fluids by removing wastes and returning needed substances to the body for reuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is waste in metabolic terms?

A

Any substance that is produced by the body and present in excess of the body’s needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are examples of waste products produced by the body?

A 
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Sodium ions
Chloride ions
Hydrogen ion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which waste products pose a larger threat?

A

Nitrogenous (nitrogen containing) products like ammonia, urea, and uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens after the body produces ammonia?

A

Since ammonia is highly toxic, it is converted to a less toxic compound, urea in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the majority of nitrogenous waste in the body?

A

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much urea is eliminated in urine?

A

About 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is excretion?

A

The process of separating wastes from the body fluids and eliminating them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which body systems perform excretion?

A

The respiratory system
The Skin
The digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the respiratory system perform excretion?

A

It excretes carbon dioxide and small amounts of other gases, including water vapor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the skin perform excretion?

A

It excretes water, salts, and some urea in perspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the digestive system perform excretion?

A

It excretes water, salts, lipids, and a variety of other pigments and chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are most metabolic wastes excreted?

A

They are dissolved or suspended in solution and are excreted by the excretory system (aka the urinary system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are kidneys located?

A

The lower back on each side of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are kidneys surrounded by?

A

A large cushion of fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the cushion of fat do for the kidneys?

A

Offers some protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can happen if a person loses a kidney?

A

The other kidney increases in size to handle the increased workload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do kidneys release urine into?

A

2 muscular 28-cm-long tubes called ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does urine go from ureters?

A

It is moved down by peristaltic actions of the muscle tissue to the muscular urinary bladder where it is temporarily stored

21
Q

What is drainage from the bladder controlled by?

A

2 rings of muscles called sphincters that can relax so urine can drain from the bladder

22
Q

What is the innermost sphincter controlled by?

A

It is involuntary controlled by the brain

23
Q

What does urine exit the body from?

A

It exits through a tube called the urethra

24
Q

How large is the urethra in males?

A

Approximately 20 cm long and merges with the vas deferens of the reproductive tracts

25
Q

How large is the urethra in females?

A

About 4 cm long

26
Q

What does each ureter open into?

A

It flares open to form a tunnel-like structure called the renal pelvis

27
Q

What does the renal pelvis have?

A

Cup like extensions that receive urine from the renal tissue

28
Q

What is the renal tissue divided into?

A

2 sections: Outer Renal Cortex and Inner Renal Medulla

29
Q

What are the 3 main sections of the kidney?

A

Renal cortex, Renal Medulla, and Renal Pelvis

30
Q

What is embedded in the renal cortex and extends into the renal medulla?

A

A million microscopic structures called Nephrons

31
Q

What are Nephrons responsible for?

A

Filtering various substances from blood and transforming it into urine

32
Q

What is each nephron organized into?

A

3 main regions: A filter, a tube, and a duct

33
Q

What are the 3 main structures of a nephron?

A

Filter
Tubule
Duct

34
Q

What is a Bowman’s capsule?

A

The filtration structure at the top of each nephron

35
Q

What happens within each Bowman’s capsule?

A

A renal artery enters and splits into fine network of capillaries called glomerous

36
Q

What are glomerulus?

A

The network of capillaries that soul off from the renal artery within the Bowman’s capsule

37
Q

What does the glomerulus do?

A

The glomerulus acts as a filtration device

38
Q

What remain in the blood after reaching the glomerulus?

A

Proteins
Large molecules
Red blood cells
This is because the glomerulus is impermeable to these

39
Q

What passes through the walls of the glomerulus?

A

Water, small molecules, ions and urea

40
Q

Where do the parts filtered from the glomerulus go?

A

It proceeds into the Bowman’s capsule of the nephron

41
Q

What is filtrate?

A

The substances that are filtered out of the blood and proceed to the Bowman’s capsule

42
Q

What is the Bowman’s capsule connected to?

A

A long tubule that is twisted back on itself to form a loop

43
Q

What are the 3 sections of the loop called?

A

The proximal Tubule
The loop of Henle
The Distal Tubule

44
Q

What does the tubule do?

A

The Tubule absorbs substances that are useful to the body, such as glucose and a variety of ions, from the filtrate passing through it

45
Q

What does the tubule empty into?

A

A large pipeline channel called a collecting duct

46
Q

What does the collecting duct do?

A

Functions as a water conservation device and reclaims water from the filtrate passing through it

47
Q

What is the filtrate that remains after passing through the collecting duct?

A

A suspension of water and various solutes and particles called urine

48
Q

What does the renal vein do?

A

Takes in the solutes and and water reclaimed during reabsorption

Biology 20 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions