Chapter: 5.1 Flashcards
What do chloroplasts do?
They trap the suns energy and convert it to chemical energy
Where is the sun’s energy stored in plants?
It is stored in carbohydrates
What are the byproducts of photosynthesis?
Oxygen, ATP molecules, and heat
How the energy rich molecules from photosynthesis used after they are made?
Some are used immediately, some are stored for future use
How are molecules stored if not being used from after being produced in plants?
As starched or converted to fat
What happens in the process of cellular respiration?
Mitochondria within cells break down carbohydrates to generate molecules of ATP
What processes does ATP supply energy for?
- Active Transport
- Moving chromosomes for cell division
- Causing cilia and flagella to move
- Causing muscle to contract
- Synthesizing compounds
How does ATP release energy?
When the bond to the third phosphate breaks, energy from ATP is released
What is the compound called after a Phosphate breaks?
ADP
Adenosine DiPhosphate
How is ATP regenerated?
By the addition of a phosphate that requires input of energy
What makes plants green?
Chlorophyll
Where is chlorophyll contained?
Chloroplasts
What is the fluid in the inner space of a chloroplast called?
Stroma
What does stroma contain?
A concentrated mixture of proteins and other chemicals that are used in synthesis of carbohydrates
What are thylakoids?
Interconnected flattened sacs within a chloroplast in which chlorophyll molecules are arranged
What are the groups of Eukaryotic organisms?
Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
What types of cells contain mitochondria?
Eukaryotic Cells
How big are mitochondria compared to chloroplasts?
Smaller
What is the fluid filled space in mitochondria called?
The matrix
What does the matrix contain?
Proteins and other chemicals needed to break down carbohydrates and other high energy molecules
What are the folds in mitochondria called?
Cristae. They provide large surface area for the production of ATP
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Photosynthesis used the product of cellular respiration as its starting reactants and cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis as its starting reactants
How is the reaction of combustion similar to cellular respiration?
They are essentially the same reaction
What happens in a metabolic pathway?
The product of one reaction become the reactant of another
What does metabolism refer to?
All the chemical reactions that occur within cells to support and sustain life function
What are the 2 categories of metabolism?
Anabolic and Catabolic
What do anabolic pathways do?
Synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy
What do catabolic pathways do?
Break down larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy
What is used to activate metabolic pathways?
Enzymes
What are enzymes?
Specialized proteins that lower the energy needed to activate biological reactions
What is oxidation?
When an atom or molecule loses an electron and is said to be oxidized
What reduction?
When an atom or molecule gains an electron and is said to be reduced
When do atoms or compounds contain more energy?
They contain more energy in their reduced form than their oxidized form
What form are energy rich molecules in?
Their reduced form
What is reducing power?
When molecules that in their reduced form, contain a large amount of available energy
