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Biology 20 > Chapter: 5.1 > Flashcards

Chapter: 5.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

They trap the suns energy and convert it to chemical energy

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2
Q

Where is the sun’s energy stored in plants?

A

It is stored in carbohydrates

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3
Q

What are the byproducts of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen, ATP molecules, and heat

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4
Q

How the energy rich molecules from photosynthesis used after they are made?

A

Some are used immediately, some are stored for future use

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5
Q

How are molecules stored if not being used from after being produced in plants?

A

As starched or converted to fat

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6
Q

What happens in the process of cellular respiration?

A

Mitochondria within cells break down carbohydrates to generate molecules of ATP

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7
Q

What processes does ATP supply energy for?

A
  • Active Transport
  • Moving chromosomes for cell division
  • Causing cilia and flagella to move
  • Causing muscle to contract
  • Synthesizing compounds
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8
Q

How does ATP release energy?

A

When the bond to the third phosphate breaks, energy from ATP is released

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9
Q

What is the compound called after a Phosphate breaks?

A

ADP

Adenosine DiPhosphate

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10
Q

How is ATP regenerated?

A

By the addition of a phosphate that requires input of energy

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11
Q

What makes plants green?

A

Chlorophyll

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12
Q

Where is chlorophyll contained?

A

Chloroplasts

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13
Q

What is the fluid in the inner space of a chloroplast called?

A

Stroma

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14
Q

What does stroma contain?

A

A concentrated mixture of proteins and other chemicals that are used in synthesis of carbohydrates

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15
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

Interconnected flattened sacs within a chloroplast in which chlorophyll molecules are arranged

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16
Q

What are the groups of Eukaryotic organisms?

A

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists

17
Q

What types of cells contain mitochondria?

A

Eukaryotic Cells

18
Q

How big are mitochondria compared to chloroplasts?

A

Smaller

19
Q

What is the fluid filled space in mitochondria called?

A

The matrix

20
Q

What does the matrix contain?

A

Proteins and other chemicals needed to break down carbohydrates and other high energy molecules

21
Q

What are the folds in mitochondria called?

A

Cristae. They provide large surface area for the production of ATP

22
Q

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

A

Photosynthesis used the product of cellular respiration as its starting reactants and cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis as its starting reactants

23
Q

How is the reaction of combustion similar to cellular respiration?

A

They are essentially the same reaction

24
Q

What happens in a metabolic pathway?

A

The product of one reaction become the reactant of another

25
Q

What does metabolism refer to?

A

All the chemical reactions that occur within cells to support and sustain life function

26
Q

What are the 2 categories of metabolism?

A

Anabolic and Catabolic

27
Q

What do anabolic pathways do?

A

Synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy

28
Q

What do catabolic pathways do?

A

Break down larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy

29
Q

What is used to activate metabolic pathways?

A

Enzymes

30
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Specialized proteins that lower the energy needed to activate biological reactions

31
Q

What is oxidation?

A

When an atom or molecule loses an electron and is said to be oxidized

32
Q

What reduction?

A

When an atom or molecule gains an electron and is said to be reduced

33
Q

When do atoms or compounds contain more energy?

A

They contain more energy in their reduced form than their oxidized form

34
Q

What form are energy rich molecules in?

A

Their reduced form

35
Q

What is reducing power?

A

When molecules that in their reduced form, contain a large amount of available energy

Biology 20 (32 decks)

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