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Biology 20 > Chapter 7.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 7.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is oxygen vital to?

A

Cellular respiration

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2
Q

What is the main function of the human respiratory system?

A

Ensure oxygen is brought to each cell in the body and carbon dioxide can leave each cell and be removed from the body

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3
Q

What is the 1st main requirement for cellular respiration?

A

1) The surface area or (respiratory surface) must be large enough for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen to occur at fast enough rates to meet the body’s needs

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4
Q

What is the 2nd main requirement for cellular respiration?

A

Respiration must take place in a moist environment so that oxygen and CO2 are dissolved in water

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5
Q

What are the 2 basic processes in breathing?

A

Inspiration and expiration

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6
Q

What does inspiration do?

A

Moves air from the external environment to lungs inside the body

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7
Q

What does Expiration do?

A

Moves air from the lungs back to the external environment

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8
Q

What is external respiration?

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood

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9
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body’s tissue cells and the blood

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10
Q

What are the lungs protected by?

A

The bone and muscular structure of the thoracic chest cavity

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11
Q

What is the passage way that moves air from the external environment to the respiratory surface inside the body?

A

The respiratory tract

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12
Q

Was is the purpose of the nasal passages?

A

They serve to warm, moisten and clean incoming air

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13
Q

What are the nasal passages lined with?

A

Ciliated cells

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14
Q

How do the nasal passages clean air?

A

Cells secrete mucus which cleans air by trapping bacteria and dust

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15
Q

How do the ciliated cells work?

A

They move foreign particles back up the nose and throat so they can be expelled by coughing or sneezing

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16
Q

What bones project into the nasal cavity?

A

Turbinate bones

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17
Q

What is the function of turbinate bones?

A

They increase the SA of the nasal passages and are covered with cilia to catch and remove air particles

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18
Q

What are the turbinate bones and the rest of the lining of the nasal passages covered with?

A

A thin membrane that secretes mucus and is well supplied with blood vessels

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19
Q

What warms and moistens the air as it passes through the nasal cavity?

A

Heat from blood vessels and mucus in the nasal cavity

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20
Q

Why is the warming and moistening of the air necessary?

A

To protect the delicate structures in the lower respiratory tract

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21
Q

What is the pharynx commonly known as?

A

The throat

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22
Q

What is the pharynx used for?

A

It is the passageway for air into the respiratory system and for food and water in the digestive system

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23
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

A flap of cartilage that lies behind the tongue and in form of the larynx

24
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

To cover the area of the trachea called the glottis when a person swallows

25
Q

What position is the epiglottis at when it is at rest?

A

It is upright and allows air to pass unobstructed

26
Q

What is another name for the larynx?

A

The voice box

27
Q

What is the larynx made out of and what does it contain?

A

It is made from cartilage and contain vocal chords

28
Q

How does the larynx act when you breath normally?

A

There is a large gap between your vocal chords

29
Q

How does the larynx act when you speak?

A

Muscles around the larynx contract and vocal chords are drawn together and as air passes through the narrow space is causes the vocal cords to vibrate and make a sound

30
Q

What kind of sound do longer vocal cords make?

A

A lower sound

31
Q

What kind of sound do shorter vocal cords make?

A

A higher sound

32
Q

Where does air go after it passes through the larynx?

A

It moves through the trachea

33
Q

What is the trachea strengthened by?

A

Semicircular , cartilaginous arches that prevent it from collapsing. The open part faces the esophagus allowing it to expand

34
Q

What does the trachea branch into?

A

2 smaller passageways called bronchi that enter the right and left lungs

35
Q

What does each bronchi subdivide into?

A

Smaller finer tubes called bronchioles within the lungs

36
Q

What supports the bronchus?

A

C shaped cartilage rings that surround and are a part of the bronchus wall. Bronchioles don’t have these rings

37
Q

What is the function of the cartilage rings around the bronchi?

A

They are stacked one on top of the next providing support

38
Q

What are both the bronchi and the bronchioles lined with?

A

Cilia and mucus producing cells

39
Q

What does the mucus do in the bronchi and bronchioles?

A

Captures foreign molecules like microscopic pollutants and pathogens

40
Q

What do the cilia do in the bronchi and bronchioles?

A

They move the foreign particles into the upper respiratory tract so they can be ejected or swallowed

41
Q

What are the regions that lungs are divided into called?

A

Lobes

42
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

43
Q

How many lungs does the left lung have?

A

2 to leave room for the heart

44
Q

What is each lobe made of?

A

Lobules that extend from each bronchiole

45
Q

What is each lung surrounded by?

A

A thin double layered membrane called the pleural membrane

46
Q

What does the outer layer of the pleural membrane attach to?

A

The inside of the chest wall

47
Q

What does the inner layer of the pleural membrane attach to?

A

The lung

48
Q

what fills the space between the double layer of the pleural membrane?

A

Fluid fills the space so they can adhere to each other like 2 paper place with water between them

49
Q

What is the function of the pleural layer membranes?

A

They connect the lungs to the thoracic cavity enabling them to expand and contract with movement of the chest

50
Q

What does each bronchiole end with?

A

A cluster of tiny sacs called alveoli

51
Q

What takes place within the alveoli?

A

The actual exchange of gasses during external respiration

52
Q

What is each alveolus enclosed by?

A

A membrane called the alveolar wall

53
Q

What are the characteristics of the alveolar wall?

A

It is one cell thick and surrounded by a network of capillaries

54
Q

What are capilliaries?

A

Tiny blood vessels (with walls one cell thick) that link arteries with veins

55
Q

What is the arrangement of bronchioles and alveoli kept constant by?

A

Connective tissue that fills the space between them

56
Q

What are alveoli lined with?

A

A lubricating film that helps to keep them from collapsing and prevents their side from sticking together

Biology 20 (32 decks)

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