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Biology 20 > Chapter 4.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 4.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

A structure behavior or physiological process that helps an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

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2
Q

How do adaptations develop?

A

They are the result of gradual change in the characteristics in members of a population over time

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3
Q

What is a variation?

A

A visible or invisible difference that helps an individual in a population survive

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4
Q

From where to where are variations passed down?

A

From survivor to survivor

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5
Q

How are variations affected as they are passed down?

A

The variation will become so common that it is considered to be a trait or characteristic

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6
Q

Do all variations become adaptations?

A

No

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7
Q

Are variations always positive?

A

No, they can be an advantage or disadvantage or they can have no effect on an individual

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8
Q

What is a biological species?

A

A group of reproductively compatible populations

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9
Q

What is reproduction like in biological species?

A

The populations can interbreed and produce offspring that are themselves able to reproduce successfully

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10
Q

What creates great genetic variation among populations?

A

The combination of genes that offspring inherit from their parents

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11
Q

Why would several kittens in a population look different?

A

Because through sexual reproduction they inherited different genetic combinations

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12
Q

Genetic variation in a population is due to:

A

The variety of genetic information in all individuals of the population

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13
Q

What are mutations?

A

Changes in the genetic material of an organism

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14
Q

When does mutation occur?

A
  • They can happen spontaneously when the DNA is copied before the cell divides
  • They can also be caused by mutagens
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15
Q

What are Mutagens?

A

Environmental agents that cause mutations in DNA. ex. UV radiation

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16
Q

What happens to a cell when the DNA mutates?

A
  • A cell may exhibit new characteristics
  • A cell may die, malfunction, or multiply
  • Some mutations may have no affect on the cell
17
Q

What happens when a mutated cell multiplies more that it should?

A

It can result in a cluster of cells forming a tumor

18
Q

What happens if a mutation occurs (somatic) in the body cells?

A

The mutation disappears when the organism dies

19
Q

What happens if a mutations occurs in the DNA of a gamete (reproductive cell)?

A

The mutation may be passed on to succeeding generations

20
Q

How do mutations that affect the protein in a cell affect an organism?

A

They adversely affect the well being of an organism and can be harmful

21
Q

When can a mutation be positive?

A

When it enables an organism to survive in its environment better, which means it is more likely to reproduce

22
Q

When is a mutation that is positive more common?

A

When an organism’s, environment is changing

23
Q

What creates a selective advantage?

A

Mutations becomes favorable due to a new or changing environment

24
Q

What is selective advantage?

A

Characteristic that improves an organism’s chance of survival, usually in a changing environment and is the result of mutations

25
Q

What is an example of a positive mutations?

A

When some house flies developed a mutation that made them become resistant to DDT. This made only some have an advantage

26
Q

What can result in populations that become adapted very quickly?

A

Populations that reproduce quickly, such as bacteria

27
Q

What is natural selection?

A

A process where the characteristics of a population of organisms change because individuals with certain inherited traits survive specific local environmental conditions and, through reproduction, pass on their traits to their offspring.

28
Q

What must there be for natural selection to occur?

A

There must be variety or diversity within a species

29
Q

What is a basic way of saying what happens in natural selection?

A

Populations change and not individuals

30
Q

What is selective pressure?

A

Environmental condition or conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals, and select against others

31
Q

How is natural selection situational?

A

Because a trait that seems to have no relevance to survival becomes a trait that later helps individuals in a population to survive and reproduce in a changed environment

32
Q

What is an easy way of talking about natural selection?

A

A process by which a population of organisms change because individuals with certain traits can better survive environmental conditions and pass them down to offspring

33
Q

What can mutations and reproduction cause in a population?

A

Variations among individuals

34
Q

What can a mutation provide?

A

An individuals with an advantage or disadvantages or neutral

Biology 20 (32 decks)

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