Chapter 3.2 Flashcards
What is an estimate of the total number of species in the world?
Between 10 million and 100 million
What is Taxonomy?
The practice of classifying living things
What was the very first classification of organisms?
Aristotle who put them into groups called Kingdoms. Which later went on to be kingdom plantae and kingdom animalia
What caused the classification system to change from Aristotle?
The invention of rudimentary microscopes. The discovery of cells forced scientists to reconsider classification
What did German biologist Ernst Haeckel do?
He added a new kingdom for classifying organisms that were neither plants or animals. Called Protista
What group did Protista represent?
Organisms that were neither plants or animals
What are the 6 kingdoms of life?
Archaea (Archaebacteria) Bacteria (Eubacteria) Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
What do Kingdom Archaea and Kingdom Bacteria have in common?
They both consist of single celled organisms that lacked a nucleus
What is special about kingdom bacteria?
They are very diverse and can exist in a wide range of habitats
What is special about Archaebacteria?
There is a special group that is capable of living in extreme conditions
What do Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista have in common?
They have cells that have a nuclei and are called eukaryotes. They can be unicellular or multicellular
Which kingdoms have cells that have nuclei?
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
What are organisms in kingdom Protista called?
Protists
What type of organisms do kingdom protista have?
They can be unicellular or multicellular. Some photosynthesise and some ingest food
What is a common example of protista?
Algae
How do organisms in kingdom Fungi obtain their food?
By secreting digestive enzymes onto their food source and absorbing molecules that are released from the enzymes
Why were Fungi once considered plants?
- Because they are sessile (Do not move)
- And they have chloroplasts but do not photosynthesize
What type of cells can Fungi be?
Unicellular and Multi cellular
What are examples of Fungi?
Mushrooms, moulds, and yeasts
What type of organisms do Kingdom Plantae include?
Organisms that synthesize and makes their own food
What type of organisms are include in Kingdom Animalia?
Organisms that ingest their food and are motile
Which kingdoms have plants with specialized cells?
Plantae and Animalia
What is the level of classification above kingdoms?
Domains
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
What are domains based on?
The cellular composition of organisms
What domains are the smallest and simplest type of cells without a nucleus?
Bacteria and Archaea
What did bacteria and archaea used to be and what are they now?
They used to be kingdoms, now they are domains
What kingdoms are under the domain Eukaryotes?
Protists, Fungi, Animals, and Plants
What is the broadest category of classification?
Domain
Who divided each kingdom into smaller and smaller groups?
Linnaeus
What are the groups that linnaeus created based?
Physical characteristics
What are the groups that linnaeus created?
Domain Kingdom Phyla Class Order Family Genus Species
What is used when naming organisms?
Their Genus (with a capital first letter) and the Species (all lowercase)
What do Identification keys use to describe organisms?
Observable characteristics
What are Dichotomous keys arranged in?
Steps with 2 statements at each step
