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Biology 20 > Chapter 3.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 3.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an estimate of the total number of species in the world?

A

Between 10 million and 100 million

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2
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

The practice of classifying living things

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3
Q

What was the very first classification of organisms?

A

Aristotle who put them into groups called Kingdoms. Which later went on to be kingdom plantae and kingdom animalia

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4
Q

What caused the classification system to change from Aristotle?

A

The invention of rudimentary microscopes. The discovery of cells forced scientists to reconsider classification

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5
Q

What did German biologist Ernst Haeckel do?

A

He added a new kingdom for classifying organisms that were neither plants or animals. Called Protista

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6
Q

What group did Protista represent?

A

Organisms that were neither plants or animals

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7
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms of life?

A 
Archaea (Archaebacteria)
Bacteria (Eubacteria)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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8
Q

What do Kingdom Archaea and Kingdom Bacteria have in common?

A

They both consist of single celled organisms that lacked a nucleus

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9
Q

What is special about kingdom bacteria?

A

They are very diverse and can exist in a wide range of habitats

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10
Q

What is special about Archaebacteria?

A

There is a special group that is capable of living in extreme conditions

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11
Q

What do Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista have in common?

A

They have cells that have a nuclei and are called eukaryotes. They can be unicellular or multicellular

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12
Q

Which kingdoms have cells that have nuclei?

A

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista

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13
Q

What are organisms in kingdom Protista called?

A

Protists

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14
Q

What type of organisms do kingdom protista have?

A

They can be unicellular or multicellular. Some photosynthesise and some ingest food

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15
Q

What is a common example of protista?

A

Algae

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16
Q

How do organisms in kingdom Fungi obtain their food?

A

By secreting digestive enzymes onto their food source and absorbing molecules that are released from the enzymes

17
Q

Why were Fungi once considered plants?

A
  • Because they are sessile (Do not move)

- And they have chloroplasts but do not photosynthesize

18
Q

What type of cells can Fungi be?

A

Unicellular and Multi cellular

19
Q

What are examples of Fungi?

A

Mushrooms, moulds, and yeasts

20
Q

What type of organisms do Kingdom Plantae include?

A

Organisms that synthesize and makes their own food

21
Q

What type of organisms are include in Kingdom Animalia?

A

Organisms that ingest their food and are motile

22
Q

Which kingdoms have plants with specialized cells?

A

Plantae and Animalia

23
Q

What is the level of classification above kingdoms?

A

Domains

24
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

25
Q

What are domains based on?

A

The cellular composition of organisms

26
Q

What domains are the smallest and simplest type of cells without a nucleus?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

27
Q

What did bacteria and archaea used to be and what are they now?

A

They used to be kingdoms, now they are domains

28
Q

What kingdoms are under the domain Eukaryotes?

A

Protists, Fungi, Animals, and Plants

29
Q

What is the broadest category of classification?

A

Domain

30
Q

Who divided each kingdom into smaller and smaller groups?

A

Linnaeus

31
Q

What are the groups that linnaeus created based?

A

Physical characteristics

32
Q

What are the groups that linnaeus created?

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
33
Q

What is used when naming organisms?

A

Their Genus (with a capital first letter) and the Species (all lowercase)

34
Q

What do Identification keys use to describe organisms?

A

Observable characteristics

35
Q

What are Dichotomous keys arranged in?

A

Steps with 2 statements at each step

Biology 20 (32 decks)

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