Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 20 > Chapter 7.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 7.2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What controls the air pressure inside the lungs?

A

The diaphragm and the rib muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A dome shaped layer of muscle the separates the region of the lungs from the region of the stomach and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is another name for the rib muscles?

A

The intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the rib muscles found?

A

Between the ribs along the ventral (inside) surface of the ribs and extend down to the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does inhalation begin?

A

The external rib muscles and the diaphragm contract. This expands the rib cage upward and outward and the floor of the chest cavity downward increasing volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens when the volume of the thoracic cavity increases?

A

The same amount of air is contained in a larger space so molecules of gas are farther apart and they exert less outward pressure. As a result air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the lungs as air pressure decreases?

A

The walls of the lungs are drawn outward and the lungs expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens when the lungs expand?

A

Air pressure within the lungs is lower than air pressure in the external environment. So air moves into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does exhalation begin?

A

The diaphragm and the rib muscles relax reducing volume in the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when volume in the thoracic cavity decreases?

A

The volume of lungs decrease and the air pressure within the lungs increase and air moves from the lund to the lower pressure environment outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breathing movement when the body is at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is inspiratory volume?

A

The additional volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond a regular/tidal inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The additional volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond regular/tidal inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

AKA total lung volume capacity. The total volume of gas that can be moved into or out of the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is vital capacity calculated?

A

Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve + Expiratory Reserve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The amount of gas that remains in the lungs and the passageways of the respiratory system after a full exhalation

17
Q

Which gas never leaves the respiratory system?

A

Residual volume gas

18
Q

What would happen if the residual volume gas left the respiratory system?

A

The lungs and respiratory passage would collapse

19
Q

Why does residual volume have little value for gas exchange?

A

Because it is not exchanged with air from the external environment

20
Q

What are the 2 separate processes in respiration?

A

External respiration and internal respiration

21
Q

Where does external respiration take place?

A

In the lungs

22
Q

What happens between external respiration?

A

Gasses are exchanged between the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries

23
Q

What is the concentration of oxygen in air that enters the alveoli after inhalation?

A

It has a higher concentration of oxygen than the blood in the capillaries

24
Q

What happens because of the difference in concentration of oxygen and CO2 in alveoli and capillaries?

A

Oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli and into the blood of capillaries

25
Q

Since diffusion is not enough to exchange all gasses what happens?

A

Approx. 30% of oxygen transfer happens by facilitated diffusion

26
Q

What happens during the facilitated diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries?

A

Protein based molecules in the walls of the alveoli help with diffusion by by carrying oxygen across cell membranes. This doesn’t require extra energy because it is still moving with the concentration gradient

27
Q

What is the concentration of CO2 from the capillaries vs the alveoli?

A

They have a higher concentration of CO2 because it is returning from body tissues

28
Q

What happens after oxygen and carbon dioxide have been exchanged between the capillaries and the alveoli?

A

The blood in the capillaries begin their journey back to the heart and then to the tissue cells

29
Q

What kind of respiration happens in the tissue cells?

A

Internal respiration

30
Q

What is 99% of oxygen transported by to reach cells?

A

An oxygen transporting molecule called hemoglobin

31
Q

Where is hemoglobin found?

A

Only in red blood cells

32
Q

How carbon dioxide is carried in the blood by hemoglobin?

A

23%

33
Q

What is most CO2 carried in the blood by?

A

70% is dissolved and carried in the blood a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

34
Q

How does carbonic acid form?

A

When carbon dioxide molecule reacts with the water molecule to form H2CO3. Then the carbonic acid breaks down into an H+ ion and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

35
Q

Where does the reaction of the CO2 and Water occur?

A

In the red blood cells

36
Q

What happens to the free H+ ion?

A

It combines with hemoglobin and bicarbonate ions diffuse out of red blood cells into plasma which carries it too the lungs

37
Q

What happens when the plasma reaches the lungs?

A

The whole bicarbonate ion reaction reversed to reform CO2 and water

Biology 20 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions