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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Urinary System [Diseases] > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Urinary System [Diseases] Flashcards

1
Q

anuria

A

Complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion

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2
Q

azotemia

A

Accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream; occurs when the kidney fails to filter these wastes from the blood

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3
Q

bacteriuria

A

Presence of bacteria in the urine

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4
Q

calculus

A

Stone formed within an organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra;
plural is calculi

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5
Q

cystalgia

A

Urinary bladder pain

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6
Q

cystolith

A

Bladder stone

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7
Q

cystorrhagia

A

Abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder

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8
Q

diuresis

A

Increased formation and excretion of urine

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9
Q

dysuria

A

Difficult or painful urination

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10
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established; usually occurs by age five

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11
Q

frequency

A

Greater-than-normal occurrence in urge to urinate, without increase in total daily volume of urine; frequency is indication of inflammation of bladder or urethra

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12
Q

glycosuria

A

Presence of sugar in the urine

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13
Q

hematuria

A

Presence of blood in the urine

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14
Q

hesitancy

A

Decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating flow; often a symptom of blockage along the urethra, such as enlarged prostate gland

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15
Q

ketonuria

A

Presence of ketones in urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy, such as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

nephrolith

A

kidney stone

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17
Q

nephromalacia

A

Kidney is abnormally soft

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18
Q

nephromegaly

A

Kidney is enlarged

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19
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

Kidney tissue has become hardened

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20
Q

nocturia

A

Having to urinate frequently during the night

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21
Q

oliguria

A

Producing too little urine

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22
Q

polyuria

A

Producing unusually large volume of urine

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23
Q

proteinuria

A

Presence of protein in urine

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24
Q

pyuria

A

Presence of pus in urine

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25
renal colic
Pain caused by kidney stone; can be excruciating pain and generally requires medical treatment
26
stricture
Narrowing of passageway in the urinary system
27
uremia
Accumulation of waste products (especially nitrogenous wastes) in bloodstream; associated with renal failure
28
ureterectasis
Ureter is stretched out or dilated
28
ureterectasis
Ureter is stretched out or dilated
29
ureterolith
Stone in the ureter
30
ureterostenosis
Ureter has become narrow
31
urethralgia
Urethral pain
32
urethrorrhagia
Abnormal bleeding from the urethra
33
urethrostenosis
Urethra has become narrow
34
urgency
Feeling need to urinate immediately
35
urinary incontinence
Involuntary release of urine; in some patients, indwelling catheter is inserted into the bladder for continuous urine drainage
36
urinary retention
Inability to fully empty the bladder; often indicates blockage in the urethra
37
acute tubular necrosis
Damage to and potential death of the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria
38
acute tubular necrosis
Damage to and potential death of the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria
39
diabetic nephropathy
Accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
40
glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney (primarily of the glomerulus); since the glomerular membrane is inflamed, it becomes more permeable and will allow protein and blood cells to enter the filtrate; results in protein in urine (proteinuria) and hematuria
41
hydronephrosis
distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney; often result or obstruction of a ureter
42
nephritis
kidney inflammation
43
nephrolithiasis
presence of calculi in the kidney usually begins with solidification of salts present in urine
44
nephroma
kidney tumor
45
nephropathy
General term describing presence of kidney disease
46
nephroptosis
Downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location; commonly called a floating kidney
47
nephrotic syndrome (NS)
Damage to the glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in urine, proteinuria, and corresponding decrease in protein in bloodstream; also called nephrosis
48
polycystic kidneys
Formation of multiple cysts (pouches) within kidney tissue; results in destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia
49
pyelitis
Renal pelvis inflammation
50
pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney; one of most common types of kidney disease; may be result of lower urinary tract infection that moved up to the kidney by way of the ureter; large quantities of white blood cells and bacteria in urine are possible; blood (hematuria) may even be present in urine in this condition; can occur with any untreated or persistent case of cystitis
51
renal cell carcinoma
Cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
52
renal failure
Inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood, resulting in uremia; may be acute or chronic; major reason for patient being placed on dialysis
53
Wilms' tumor
Malignant kidney tumor found most often in children; also called nephroblastoma
54
bladder cancer
Cancerous tumor that arises from cells lining the bladder; major sign is hematuria
55
bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
Blockage of the bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland in males
56
cystitis
Urinary bladder inflammation
57
cystocele
Protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of the vagina
58
cystocele
Protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of the vagina
59
interstitial cystitis
Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder; most commonly seen in middle-aged women
60
interstitial cystitis
Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder; most commonly seen in middle-aged women
61
neurogenic bladder
Loss of nervous control that leads to retention; may be caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
62
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ of the urinary system; most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys; most common in women because of shorter urethra

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

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