Chapter 9 Urinary System [Diseases] Flashcards
anuria
Complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion
azotemia
Accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream; occurs when the kidney fails to filter these wastes from the blood
bacteriuria
Presence of bacteria in the urine
calculus
Stone formed within an organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra;
plural is calculi
cystalgia
Urinary bladder pain
cystolith
Bladder stone
cystorrhagia
Abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder
diuresis
Increased formation and excretion of urine
dysuria
Difficult or painful urination
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established; usually occurs by age five
frequency
Greater-than-normal occurrence in urge to urinate, without increase in total daily volume of urine; frequency is indication of inflammation of bladder or urethra
glycosuria
Presence of sugar in the urine
hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine
hesitancy
Decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating flow; often a symptom of blockage along the urethra, such as enlarged prostate gland
ketonuria
Presence of ketones in urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy, such as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
nephrolith
kidney stone
nephromalacia
Kidney is abnormally soft
nephromegaly
Kidney is enlarged
nephrosclerosis
Kidney tissue has become hardened
nocturia
Having to urinate frequently during the night
oliguria
Producing too little urine
polyuria
Producing unusually large volume of urine
proteinuria
Presence of protein in urine
pyuria
Presence of pus in urine
renal colic
Pain caused by kidney stone; can be excruciating pain and generally requires medical treatment
stricture
Narrowing of passageway in the urinary system
uremia
Accumulation of waste products (especially nitrogenous wastes) in bloodstream;
associated with renal failure
ureterectasis
Ureter is stretched out or dilated
ureterectasis
Ureter is stretched out or dilated
ureterolith
Stone in the ureter
ureterostenosis
Ureter has become narrow
urethralgia
Urethral pain
urethrorrhagia
Abnormal bleeding from the urethra
urethrostenosis
Urethra has become narrow
urgency
Feeling need to urinate immediately
urinary incontinence
Involuntary release of urine; in some patients, indwelling catheter is inserted into the bladder for continuous urine drainage
urinary retention
Inability to fully empty the bladder; often indicates blockage in the urethra
acute tubular necrosis
Damage to and potential death of the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria
acute tubular necrosis
Damage to and potential death of the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria
diabetic nephropathy
Accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney (primarily of the glomerulus); since the glomerular membrane is inflamed, it becomes more permeable and will allow protein and blood cells to enter the filtrate; results in protein in urine (proteinuria) and hematuria
hydronephrosis
distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney; often result or obstruction of a ureter
nephritis
kidney inflammation
nephrolithiasis
presence of calculi in the kidney usually begins with solidification of salts present in urine
nephroma
kidney tumor
nephropathy
General term describing presence of kidney disease
nephroptosis
Downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location; commonly called a floating kidney
nephrotic syndrome (NS)
Damage to the glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in urine, proteinuria, and corresponding decrease in protein in bloodstream; also called nephrosis
polycystic kidneys
Formation of multiple cysts (pouches) within kidney tissue; results in destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia
pyelitis
Renal pelvis inflammation
pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney; one of most common types of kidney disease; may be result of lower urinary tract infection that moved up to the kidney by way of the ureter; large quantities of white blood cells and bacteria in urine are possible; blood (hematuria) may even be present in urine in this condition; can occur with any untreated or persistent case of cystitis
renal cell carcinoma
Cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
renal failure
Inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood, resulting in uremia; may be acute or chronic; major reason for patient being placed on dialysis
Wilms’ tumor
Malignant kidney tumor found most often in children; also called nephroblastoma
bladder cancer
Cancerous tumor that arises from cells lining the bladder; major sign is hematuria
bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
Blockage of the bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland in males
cystitis
Urinary bladder inflammation
cystocele
Protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of the vagina
cystocele
Protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of the vagina
interstitial cystitis
Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder; most commonly seen in middle-aged women
interstitial cystitis
Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder; most commonly seen in middle-aged women
neurogenic bladder
Loss of nervous control that leads to retention; may be caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ of the urinary system; most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys; most common in women because of shorter urethra
