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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Urinary System [Diseases] > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Urinary System [Diseases] Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anuria

A

Complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion

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2
Q

azotemia

A

Accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream; occurs when the kidney fails to filter these wastes from the blood

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3
Q

bacteriuria

A

Presence of bacteria in the urine

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4
Q

calculus

A

Stone formed within an organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra;
plural is calculi

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5
Q

cystalgia

A

Urinary bladder pain

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6
Q

cystolith

A

Bladder stone

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7
Q

cystorrhagia

A

Abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder

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8
Q

diuresis

A

Increased formation and excretion of urine

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9
Q

dysuria

A

Difficult or painful urination

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10
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established; usually occurs by age five

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11
Q

frequency

A

Greater-than-normal occurrence in urge to urinate, without increase in total daily volume of urine; frequency is indication of inflammation of bladder or urethra

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12
Q

glycosuria

A

Presence of sugar in the urine

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13
Q

hematuria

A

Presence of blood in the urine

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14
Q

hesitancy

A

Decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating flow; often a symptom of blockage along the urethra, such as enlarged prostate gland

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15
Q

ketonuria

A

Presence of ketones in urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy, such as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

nephrolith

A

kidney stone

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17
Q

nephromalacia

A

Kidney is abnormally soft

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18
Q

nephromegaly

A

Kidney is enlarged

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19
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

Kidney tissue has become hardened

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20
Q

nocturia

A

Having to urinate frequently during the night

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21
Q

oliguria

A

Producing too little urine

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22
Q

polyuria

A

Producing unusually large volume of urine

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23
Q

proteinuria

A

Presence of protein in urine

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24
Q

pyuria

A

Presence of pus in urine

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25
Q

renal colic

A

Pain caused by kidney stone; can be excruciating pain and generally requires medical treatment

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26
Q

stricture

A

Narrowing of passageway in the urinary system

27
Q

uremia

A

Accumulation of waste products (especially nitrogenous wastes) in bloodstream;
associated with renal failure

28
Q

ureterectasis

A

Ureter is stretched out or dilated

28
Q

ureterectasis

A

Ureter is stretched out or dilated

29
Q

ureterolith

A

Stone in the ureter

30
Q

ureterostenosis

A

Ureter has become narrow

31
Q

urethralgia

A

Urethral pain

32
Q

urethrorrhagia

A

Abnormal bleeding from the urethra

33
Q

urethrostenosis

A

Urethra has become narrow

34
Q

urgency

A

Feeling need to urinate immediately

35
Q

urinary incontinence

A

Involuntary release of urine; in some patients, indwelling catheter is inserted into the bladder for continuous urine drainage

36
Q

urinary retention

A

Inability to fully empty the bladder; often indicates blockage in the urethra

37
Q

acute tubular necrosis

A

Damage to and potential death of the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria

38
Q

acute tubular necrosis

A

Damage to and potential death of the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria

39
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A

Accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus

40
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney (primarily of the glomerulus); since the glomerular membrane is inflamed, it becomes more permeable and will allow protein and blood cells to enter the filtrate; results in protein in urine (proteinuria) and hematuria

41
Q

hydronephrosis

A

distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney; often result or obstruction of a ureter

42
Q

nephritis

A

kidney inflammation

43
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of calculi in the kidney usually begins with solidification of salts present in urine

44
Q

nephroma

A

kidney tumor

45
Q

nephropathy

A

General term describing presence of kidney disease

46
Q

nephroptosis

A

Downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location; commonly called a floating kidney

47
Q

nephrotic syndrome (NS)

A

Damage to the glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in urine, proteinuria, and corresponding decrease in protein in bloodstream; also called nephrosis

48
Q

polycystic kidneys

A

Formation of multiple cysts (pouches) within kidney tissue; results in destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia

49
Q

pyelitis

A

Renal pelvis inflammation

50
Q

pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney; one of most common types of kidney disease; may be result of lower urinary tract infection that moved up to the kidney by way of the ureter; large quantities of white blood cells and bacteria in urine are possible; blood (hematuria) may even be present in urine in this condition; can occur with any untreated or persistent case of cystitis

51
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells

52
Q

renal failure

A

Inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood, resulting in uremia; may be acute or chronic; major reason for patient being placed on dialysis

53
Q

Wilms’ tumor

A

Malignant kidney tumor found most often in children; also called nephroblastoma

54
Q

bladder cancer

A

Cancerous tumor that arises from cells lining the bladder; major sign is hematuria

55
Q

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

A

Blockage of the bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland in males

56
Q

cystitis

A

Urinary bladder inflammation

57
Q

cystocele

A

Protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of the vagina

58
Q

cystocele

A

Protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of the vagina

59
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder; most commonly seen in middle-aged women

60
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder; most commonly seen in middle-aged women

61
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

Loss of nervous control that leads to retention; may be caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis

62
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

Infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ of the urinary system; most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys; most common in women because of shorter urethra

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

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