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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 Digestive System [Diseases] > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Digestive System [Diseases] Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anorexia

A

(an-oh-REK-see-ah)

General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions; also used to refer to anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by severe weight loss from excessive dieting

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2
Q

aphagia

A

(ah-FAY-jee-ah)

Being unable to swallow or eat

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3
Q

ascites

A

(ah-SIGH-teez)

Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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4
Q

bradypepsia

A

(brad-ee-PEP-see-ah)

Having a slow digestive system

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5
Q

cachexia

A

(kuh-KEK-see-ah)

Loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease

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6
Q

cholecystalgia

A

(koh-lee-sis-TAL-jee-ah)

Having gallbladder pain

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7
Q

constipation

A

(kon-stih-PAY-shun)

Experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation

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8
Q

dentalgia

A

(den-TAL-jee-ah)

tooth pain

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9
Q

diarrhea

A

(dye-ah-REE-ah)

Passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements; usually accompanies gastrointestinal (Gl) disorders

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10
Q

dysorexia

A

(dis-oh-REK-see-ah)

Abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite

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11
Q

dyspepsia

A

Indigestion; commonly called an upset stomach

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12
Q

dysphagia

A

Having difficulty swallowing or eating

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13
Q

emesis

A

Vomiting; the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

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14
Q

eructation

A

Burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth; belching

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15
Q

flatulence

A

Presence of excess gas in
intestines; may be passed through the anus

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16
Q

gastralgia

A

stomach pain

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17
Q

hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

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18
Q

hematochezia

A

Passing bright red blood in the stool

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19
Q

hyperemesis

A

Excessive vomiting

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20
Q

jaundice

A

Yellow cast to the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes caused by deposit of bile pigment from too much bilirubin in the blood; bilirubin is a waste product produced when worn-out red blood cells are broken down; may be symptom of a disorder such as gallstones blocking the common bile duct or carcinoma of the liver;

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21
Q

melena

A

Passage of dark tarry stool; color is result of digestive enzymes working on blood in the gastrointestinal tract

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22
Q

nausea

A

urge to vomit

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23
Q

obesity

A

Having too much body fat leading to a body weight that is above a healthy level;
person whose weight interferes with normal activity

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24
Q

polyphagia

A

Excessive eating; eating too much

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25
Q

postprandial (pp)

A

After a meal

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26
Q

pyrosis

A

Pain and burring sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus usually into the esophagus

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27
Q

regurgitation

A

Return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth

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28
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

Painful ulcers in the mouth of unknown cause; commonly called canker sores

29
Q

cleft lip

A

Congenital anomaly in which upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving an open gap; often seen along with cleft palate; corrected with surgery

30
Q

cleft palate

A

Congenital anomaly in which roof of the mouth has a split or fissure; corrected with surgery

31
Q

dental caries

A

Gradual decay and disintegration of teeth caused by bacterla; may lead to abscessed teeth; commonly called a tooth cavity

32
Q

gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

33
Q

herpes labialis

A

Infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also called fever blisters or cold sores

34
Q

periodontal disease

A

Disease of supporting structures of the teeth, including gums and bones; most common cause of tooth loss

35
Q

sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of a salivary gland

36
Q

esophageal varices

A

Enlarged and swollen varicose veins in lower end of the esophagus; if these rupture, serious hemorrhage results; often related to liver disease

37
Q

gastrosophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Acid from the stomach flows backward up into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain

38
Q

pharyngoplegia

A

Paralysis of throat muscles

39
Q

gastric carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor in the stomach

40
Q

gastritis

A

Stomach inflammation

41
Q

gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of stomach and small intestine

42
Q

hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm (also called a diaphragmatocele) and extending into the thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom

43
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

Ulcer occurring in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; thought to be caused by acid of gastric juices; initial damage to protective lining of the stomach may be caused by Heli-cobacter pylori (H. pylon) bacterial infection: if ulcer extends all the way through the wall of the stomach, it is called a perforated ulcer, which requires immediate surgery to repair

44
Q

anal fistula

A

Abnormal tube-like passage from surface Around anal opening directly into the rectum

45
Q

appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

46
Q

bowel incontinence

A

Inability to control defecation

47
Q

celiac disease

A

Autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine; caused by reaction to eating gluten (protein found in wheat, ea, and barley): symptoms may include abdominal bloating and pain, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies

48
Q

colorectal carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor originating in colon or rectum

49
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily ileum and/or colon; also called regional ileitis; autoimmune condition affects all layers of bowel wall and results in scarring and thickening of the gut wall

50
Q

diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of a diverticulum (out-pouching off the gut), especially in the colon; inflammation often results when food becomes trapped within the pouch

51
Q

diverticulosis

A

Condition of having diverticula (out-pouches off the gut); may lead to diverticulitis if one becomes inflamed

52
Q

dysentery

A

Disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration; caused by ingesting food or water contaminated by chemicals, bacteria, protozoans, or parasites

53
Q

enteritis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine

54
Q

hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins in rectum and anus

55
Q

ileus

A

Severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stool, vomiting, and abdominal disten-sion as a result of intestinal blockage; blockage can be a physical block such as a tumor or failure of bowel contents to move forward due to loss of peristalsis (nonmechanical blockage); may require surgery to reverse blockage

56
Q

inguinal hernia

A

Hernia or protrusion of a loop of small intestine into inguinal (groin) region through a weak spot in abdominal muscle wall that develops into a hole; may become incarcerated or strangulated if muscle tightens down around loop of intestine and cuts off its blood flow

57
Q

intussusception

A

Result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it; more common in children

58
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

Disturbance in functions of the intestine from unknown causes; symptoms generally include abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity; also called spastic colon or functional bowel disorder

59
Q

polyposis

A

presence of small tumors called polyps containing a pedicle or stemlike attachment in mucous membranes of the large intestine (colon) may be precancerous

60
Q

proctoptosis

A

Prolapsed or drooping rectum and anus

61
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers formed on mucous membrane lining of the colon; cause is unknown; also known as inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD)

62
Q

volvulus

A

Condition in which the bowel twists upon itself, causing an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery

63
Q

cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones in gallbladder or common bile duct that block flow of bile

64
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Presence of gallstones; may or may stones not cause symptoms such as cholecystalgia

65
Q

cirrhosis

A

Chronic disease of the liver associated with failure of the liver to function properly

66
Q

hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver, usually due to viral infection; different viruses are transmitted by different routes, such as sexual contact or from exposure to blood or fecally contaminated water or food

67
Q

hepatoma

A

liver tumor

68
Q

pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

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