Chapter 8 Digestive System [Diseases] Flashcards
anorexia
(an-oh-REK-see-ah)
General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions; also used to refer to anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by severe weight loss from excessive dieting
aphagia
(ah-FAY-jee-ah)
Being unable to swallow or eat
ascites
(ah-SIGH-teez)
Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
bradypepsia
(brad-ee-PEP-see-ah)
Having a slow digestive system
cachexia
(kuh-KEK-see-ah)
Loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease
cholecystalgia
(koh-lee-sis-TAL-jee-ah)
Having gallbladder pain
constipation
(kon-stih-PAY-shun)
Experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation
dentalgia
(den-TAL-jee-ah)
tooth pain
diarrhea
(dye-ah-REE-ah)
Passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements; usually accompanies gastrointestinal (Gl) disorders
dysorexia
(dis-oh-REK-see-ah)
Abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite
dyspepsia
Indigestion; commonly called an upset stomach
dysphagia
Having difficulty swallowing or eating
emesis
Vomiting; the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth
eructation
Burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth; belching
flatulence
Presence of excess gas in
intestines; may be passed through the anus
gastralgia
stomach pain
hematemesis
Vomiting blood
hematochezia
Passing bright red blood in the stool
hyperemesis
Excessive vomiting
jaundice
Yellow cast to the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes caused by deposit of bile pigment from too much bilirubin in the blood; bilirubin is a waste product produced when worn-out red blood cells are broken down; may be symptom of a disorder such as gallstones blocking the common bile duct or carcinoma of the liver;
melena
Passage of dark tarry stool; color is result of digestive enzymes working on blood in the gastrointestinal tract
nausea
urge to vomit
obesity
Having too much body fat leading to a body weight that is above a healthy level;
person whose weight interferes with normal activity
polyphagia
Excessive eating; eating too much
postprandial (pp)
After a meal
pyrosis
Pain and burring sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus usually into the esophagus
regurgitation
Return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth
aphthous ulcers
Painful ulcers in the mouth of unknown cause; commonly called canker sores
cleft lip
Congenital anomaly in which upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving an open gap; often seen along with cleft palate; corrected with surgery
cleft palate
Congenital anomaly in which roof of the mouth has a split or fissure; corrected with surgery
dental caries
Gradual decay and disintegration of teeth caused by bacterla; may lead to abscessed teeth; commonly called a tooth cavity
gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
herpes labialis
Infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also called fever blisters or cold sores
periodontal disease
Disease of supporting structures of the teeth, including gums and bones; most common cause of tooth loss
sialadenitis
Inflammation of a salivary gland
esophageal varices
Enlarged and swollen varicose veins in lower end of the esophagus; if these rupture, serious hemorrhage results; often related to liver disease
gastrosophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Acid from the stomach flows backward up into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain
pharyngoplegia
Paralysis of throat muscles
gastric carcinoma
Cancerous tumor in the stomach
gastritis
Stomach inflammation
gastroenteritis
Inflammation of stomach and small intestine
hiatal hernia
Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm (also called a diaphragmatocele) and extending into the thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom
peptic ulcer disease
Ulcer occurring in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; thought to be caused by acid of gastric juices; initial damage to protective lining of the stomach may be caused by Heli-cobacter pylori (H. pylon) bacterial infection: if ulcer extends all the way through the wall of the stomach, it is called a perforated ulcer, which requires immediate surgery to repair
anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passage from surface Around anal opening directly into the rectum
appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix
bowel incontinence
Inability to control defecation
celiac disease
Autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine; caused by reaction to eating gluten (protein found in wheat, ea, and barley): symptoms may include abdominal bloating and pain, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies
colorectal carcinoma
Cancerous tumor originating in colon or rectum
Crohn’s disease
Form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily ileum and/or colon; also called regional ileitis; autoimmune condition affects all layers of bowel wall and results in scarring and thickening of the gut wall
diverticulitis
Inflammation of a diverticulum (out-pouching off the gut), especially in the colon; inflammation often results when food becomes trapped within the pouch
diverticulosis
Condition of having diverticula (out-pouches off the gut); may lead to diverticulitis if one becomes inflamed
dysentery
Disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration; caused by ingesting food or water contaminated by chemicals, bacteria, protozoans, or parasites
enteritis
Inflammation of the small intestine
hemorrhoids
Varicose veins in rectum and anus
ileus
Severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stool, vomiting, and abdominal disten-sion as a result of intestinal blockage; blockage can be a physical block such as a tumor or failure of bowel contents to move forward due to loss of peristalsis (nonmechanical blockage); may require surgery to reverse blockage
inguinal hernia
Hernia or protrusion of a loop of small intestine into inguinal (groin) region through a weak spot in abdominal muscle wall that develops into a hole; may become incarcerated or strangulated if muscle tightens down around loop of intestine and cuts off its blood flow
intussusception
Result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it; more common in children
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Disturbance in functions of the intestine from unknown causes; symptoms generally include abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity; also called spastic colon or functional bowel disorder
polyposis
presence of small tumors called polyps containing a pedicle or stemlike attachment in mucous membranes of the large intestine (colon) may be precancerous
proctoptosis
Prolapsed or drooping rectum and anus
ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers formed on mucous membrane lining of the colon; cause is unknown; also known as inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD)
volvulus
Condition in which the bowel twists upon itself, causing an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery
cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones in gallbladder or common bile duct that block flow of bile
cholelithiasis
Presence of gallstones; may or may stones not cause symptoms such as cholecystalgia
cirrhosis
Chronic disease of the liver associated with failure of the liver to function properly
hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, usually due to viral infection; different viruses are transmitted by different routes, such as sexual contact or from exposure to blood or fecally contaminated water or food
hepatoma
liver tumor
pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
