Chapter 7 Respiratory System [Diseases]

Question 1

anosmia

Answer 1

(an-OZ-mee-ah)
Lack of sense of smell

Question 2

anoxia

Answer 2

Condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air
(an-OK-see-ah)

Question 3

apnea

Answer 3

(AP-nee-ah)
not breathing

Question 3

aphonia

Answer 3

(ah-FOH-nee-ah)
Condition of being unable to produce sounds

Question 4

asphyxia

Answer 4

(as-FIK-see-ah)
Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; also called asphyxiation or suffocation; common causes include drowning, foreign body in respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock

Question 5

aspiration

Answer 5

(as-pih-RAY-shun)
Refers to withdrawing fluid from body cavity using suction; for example, using long needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from pleural cavity, or using vacuum pump to remove phlegm from patient’s airway; additionally, refers to inhaling food, liquid, or foreign object into airways, which may lead to development of pneumonia

Question 6

bradypnea

Answer 6

(brad-ip-NEE-ah)
Breathing too slowly; low respiratory rate

Question 7

bronchiectasis

Answer 7

(brong-kee-EK-tah-sis)
Dilated bronchus

Question 8

bronchospasm

Answer 8

(BRONG-koh-spazm)
Involuntary muscle spasm of smooth muscle in the wall of bronchus

Question 9

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Answer 9

(CHAIN / STOHKS / res-pir-AY-shun)
Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10-60 sec-onds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing; named for John Cheyne, a Scottish physician, and Sir William Stokes, an Irish surgeon

Question 10

clubbing

Answer 10

Abnormal widening and thickening of ends of fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency; seen in patients with chronic respiratory conditions or circulatory problems

Question 11

crackles

Answer 11

Abnormal crackling or bubbling sound made during inspiration; usually indicates presence of fluid or mucus in small airways; also called rales

Question 12

cyanosis

Answer 12

(sigh-ah-NOH-sis)
Refers to bluish tint of skin that is receiving insufficient amount of ox.
gen or circulation

Question 13

dysphonia

Answer 13

(dis-FOH-nee-ah)
Condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds

Question 14

dyspnea

Answer 14

(DISP-nee-ah)
Term describing difficult or labored breathing

Question 15

epistaxis

Answer 15

(ep-ih-STAK-sis)
Nosebleed

Question 16

eupnea

Answer 16

(yoop-NEE-ah)
Normal breathing and respiratory rate

Question 17

hemoptysis (hee-MOP-tih-sis)

Answer 17

(hee-MOP-tih-sis)
To cough up blood or blood-stained sputum

Question 18

hemothorax

Answer 18

(hee-moh-THOH-raks)
Presence of blood in chest cavity

Question 19

hypercapnia

Answer 19

(high-per-KAP-nee-ah)
Condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in bod

Question 20

hyperpnea

Answer 20

(high-PERP-nee-ah)
Taking deep breaths

Question 21

hyperventilation

Answer 21

(high-per-ven-tih-LAY-shun)
Breathing both too fast (tachypnea)
and too deep (hyperonea)

Question 22

hypocapnia

Answer 22

(high-poh-KAP-nee-ah)
Insufficient level of carbon dioxide in body; very serious problem because it is presence of carbon dioxide that stimulates respiration, not absence of oxygen; therefore, person with low carbon dioxide levels would respond with increased respiratory rate

Question 23

hypopnea

Answer 23

(high-POP-nee-ah)
Taking shallow breaths

Question 24

hypoventilation

Answer 24

(high-poh-ven-tih-LAY-shun) Breathing both too slow (bradypnea) and too shallow (hypopne)

Question 25

hypoxemia

Answer 25

(high-pok-SEE-mee-ah) Condition of having insufficient amount of oxygen in bloodstream

Question 26

hypoxia

Answer 26

(high-POK-see-ah) Condition of receiving insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air

Question 27

laryngoplegia

Answer 27

(lah-ring-goh-PLEE-jee-ah) Paralysis of muscles controlling larynx

Question 28

orthopnea

Answer 28

(or-THOP-nee-ah) Term describing dyspnea worsened by lying flat; patient feels able to breathe easier while sitting straight up; common occurrence in those with pulmonary disease

Question 29

pansinusitis

Answer 29

(pan-sigh-nus-EYE-tis) Inflammation of all paranasal sinuses

Question 30

patent

Answer 30

(PAY-tent) Open or unblocked, such as patent airway

Question 31

phlegm

Answer 31

(FLEM) Thick mucus secreted by membranes lining respiratory tract; when phlegm is coughed through mouth, is called sputum; phlegm is examined for color, odor, and consistency and tested for presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Question 32

pleural rub

Answer 32

(PLOO-ral) Grating sound made when two layers of pleura rub together during res-piration; caused when one surface becomes thicker as a result of inflammation or other disease conditions; rub can be felt through fingertips when placed on chest wall or heard through stethoscope

Question 33

pleural rub

Answer 33

(PLOO-ral) Grating sound made when two layers of pleura rub together during res-piration; caused when one surface becomes thicker as a result of inflammation or other disease conditions; rub can be felt through fingertips when placed on chest wall or heard through stethoscope

Question 34

pleurodynia

Answer 34

(ploor-oh-DIN-ee-ah) Pleural pain

Question 35

pyothorax

Answer 35

(pye-oh-THOH-raks) Presence of pus in chest cavity; indicates bacterial infection

Question 36

rhinitis

Answer 36

(rye-NYE-tis) Inflammation of nasal cavity

Question 37

rhinorrhagia

Answer 37

(rye-noh-RAY-jee-ah) Rapid flow of blood from nose

Question 38

rhinorrhea

Answer 38

(rye-noh-REE-ah) Discharge from nose;

Question 39

rhonchi

Answer 39

(RONG-kigh) Somewhat musical sound during expi-ration, often found in asthma or infec-tion; caused by spasms of bronchial tubes; also called wheezing

Question 40

sputum

Answer 40

(SPYOO-tum) Mucus or phlegm coughed

Question 41

stridor

Answer 41

(STRY-der) Harsh, high-pitched, noisy brew sound made when there is obsirucion of bronchus or larynx; found in cere tions such as croup in children

Question 42

tachypnea

Answer 42

(tak-ip-NEE-ah) Breathing fast; high respiratory rats

Question 43

thoracalgia

Answer 43

(thor-ah-KAL-jee-ah) Chest pain; does not refer to angina pectoris