Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 [Body Organization] Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 [Body Organization] Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The major body structural levels from smallest to largest are:

A

cells
tissues
organs
systems
body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is the fundamental unit of all living things.

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

No matter the difference at some point during their life cycle, all cells have what

A

cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is the study of tissue.

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cells group together and function together to perform a specific activity, they form

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the four types of tissue in the body

A

muscular tissue
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Muscular tissue produces movement in the body through contraction, or shortening in length, and is composed of individual muscle cells called

A

muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

three basic types of muscles:

A

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

form the covering for and lining of body structures
absorb and secrete substances
excrete wastes

A

epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

provides structural support for the whole body.

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the shock absorber in joints.

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tightly connect skeletal muscles to bones.

A

tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

provides protective padding around body structures

A

Adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is connective tissue

A

adipose
bone
cartilage
tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nervous tissue is made up of cells called

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

allowing for the conduction of electrical impulses to send information between
the brain and the rest of the body.

A

nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nervous tissue has

A

brain
nerves
neurons
spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

different types of tissue that work as a unit to perform special functions

A

organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

several organs working in a coordinated manner to perform a complex function comprise what?

A

a system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

forms protective two way barrier aids in temperature regulation

A

Integumentary System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Skeleton supports and protects body
forms blood cells, and stores mineral
muscles produce movement

A

Musculoskeletal System (MS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pumps blood throughout entire body to
transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

A

Cardiovascular System (CV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Transports oxygen protects against
pathogens, and controls bleeding

A

blood [Hematic System]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Protects body from disease and
invasion from pathogens

A

Lymphatic System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Obtains oxygen from the environment
and removes carbon dioxide from
the body

A

Respiratory System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

these structures are in what system?
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands

A

Integumentary System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

these structures are in what system?
Bones
Joints
Muscles

A

Musculoskeletal
System (MS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

these structures are in what system?
* Heart
* Arteries
* Veins

A

Cardiovascular System (CV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

these structures are in what system?
Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

A

blood [Hematic System]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

these structures are in what system?
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Spleen
Thymus gland
Tonsils

A

Lymphatic System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

these structures are in what system?
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs

A

Respiratory System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ingests, digest, and absorbs nutrients for the body

A

Digestive or Gastrointestinal (G)
System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

filters waste products out of blood and removes them from body

A

Urinary System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Produces eggs for reproduction
provides place for growing bad,
nourishes infant

A

Female Reproductive System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Produces sperm for reproduction

A

Male Reproductive System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Regulates metabolic activities of
the body

A

Endocrine System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Receives sensory information and
coordinates body’s response

A

Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

sensory organ that converts light into electrical impulses allowing for vision

A

ophthalmology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Sensory organ with dual purpose
converts sound waves into electrical
impulses allowing for hearing, and
maintains body’s sense of balance

A

otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

these structures are in what system?
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Salivary glands

A

Digestive or Gastrointestinal (G)
System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

these structures are in what system?
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

A

Urinary System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

these structures are in what system?
Ovarias
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Vulva
Breasts

A

Female Reproductive System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

these structures are in what system?
Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Penis
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral
gland

A

Male Reproductive System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

these structures are in what system?
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Thymus gland
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

A

Endocrine System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

these structures are in what system?
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

A

Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

these structures are in what system?
eyes

A

opthalmolgy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

these structures are in what system?
ears

A

otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

is used when describing the postions and relationships of structures in the human body.

A

anatomical position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

a body in the anatomical position is what?

A

standing erect, gazing straight ahead, arms down at sides,
palms facing forward, fingers
extended,
legs together
toes pointing forward`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

runs lengthwise from front to back and
divides the body, or any of its parts, into right and left portions. The right
and left sides do not have to be equal.

A

Sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

if the sagittal plane passes through the middle of the body, into two right and left halves it is called a

A

midsigittal or median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

A cut along the sagittal plane yields a

A

Sagittal section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

divides the body into front and back
portions; a vertical, lengthwise plane is running from side to side:

A

Frontal plane or coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

a cut along the frontal plane yields what?

A

Frontal or coronal section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

is a crosswise plane that
runs parallel to the ground. This imaginary cut would divide the body, or
its parts, into upper and lower portions.

A

transverse or horizontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

A cut along the transverse plane
yields a

A

transverse section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

are frequently used to describe
internal views of structures.

A

cross-section and longitudinal section

58
Q

A lengthwise slice along the long axis of a structure produces a

A

longitudinal section.

59
Q

A slice perpendicular to the long axis of
structure produces a

A

cross-section view

60
Q

abdomen; on anterior side of trunk

A

abdominal region

61
Q

Upper extremities

A

brachial region

62
Q

Head

A

cephalic region

63
Q

Neck; connects head to trunk

A

cervical region

64
Q

Lower extremities (LE) or legs

A

crural region

65
Q

Back; on posterior side of trunk

A

dorsum region

66
Q

Buttocks; on posterior side of trunk

A

gluteal region

67
Q

Pelvis; on anterior side of trunk

A

pelvic region

68
Q

Region containing external genitals; on anterior side of trunk

A

pubic region

69
Q

Chest; on anterior side of trunk; also called thorax

A

thoracic region

70
Q

Contains all body regions other than head, neck, and extremities; also called

A

trunk

71
Q

Overlies spinal column or vertebrae; on posterior side of trunk

A

vertebral region

72
Q

what major cavities divide the body

A

2 dorsal cavities
2 ventral cavities

73
Q

what cavities does the dorsal cavity include

A

thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

74
Q

cavity that contains the 2 lungs and the mediastinum

A

The thoracic cavity

75
Q

the region between the lungs

contains: heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland

A

mediastinum.

76
Q

There is an actual physical wall between the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity called the what?

A

diaphragm

77
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity is generally subdivided into a what?

A

superior abdominal cavity
inferior pelvic cavity

78
Q

The organs of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems are
located in these cavities.

A

superior abdominal cavity
inferior pelvic cavity

79
Q

The organs within the ventral cavities are referred to a
a group as the internal organs or what?

A

viscera

80
Q

All of the ventral cavities are lined by, and the viscera are encased in, a two.
layer membrane called the what in the thoracic cavity

A

pleura

81
Q

All of the ventral cavities are lined by, and the viscera are encased in, a two.
layer membrane called the what in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneum

82
Q

The outer layer that lines the cavities is called the

A

parietal layer
parietal pleura
parietal peritoneum

83
Q

and the inner layer that encases
the viscera is called the

A

visceral layer
visceral pleura
visceral peritoneum

84
Q

what cavity are these major organs in?
brain
spinal cord

A

Dorsal cavities
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity

85
Q

what cavity are these major organs in?
lungs

A

Pleural cavity

86
Q

what cavity are these major organs in?
heart

A

Pericardial cavity

87
Q

what cavity are these major organs in?
heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, aorta

A

Mediastinum

88
Q

what cavity are these major organs in?
Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and portions of the small intestine and colon
Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and portions of the small intestine and colon
Female: uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina
Male: prostate gland, seminal vesicles, portion of vas deferens

A

Abdominopelvic cavities

89
Q

More toward head, or above another structure

A

superior
or
cephalic

90
Q

More toward feet or tail or below another structure

A

inferior (in-FEE-ree-or)
or
caudal (KAWD-al)

91
Q

More toward front or belly side of body

A

anterior (an-TEE-ree-or)
or
ventral (VEN-tral)

92
Q

more towards the back or spinal cord side of the body

A

posterior (poss-TEE-ree-or)
or
dorsal (DOR-sal)

93
Q

Refers to middle or near middle of body or structure

A

medial

94
Q

Refers to the side

A

lateral

95
Q

Located nearer to point of attachment to body

A

proximal

96
Q

Located farther away from point of attachment to body

A

distal

97
Q

Tip or summit of an organ

A

apex

98
Q

Bottom or lower part of organ

A

base

99
Q

More toward surface of body

A

superficial

100
Q

Further away from surface of body

A

deep

101
Q

Body is lying horizontally and facing upward

A

supine

102
Q

Body is lying horizontally and facing downward

A

prone

103
Q

The method by which a drug is introduced into the body is referred to as the

A

route of administration.

104
Q

Includes all drugs given by mouth; advantages: ease of administration and slow rate of absorption via the stomach and intestinal wall; disadvantages: slowness of absorption and
destruction of some chemical compounds by gastric juices; additionally, some medications, such as aspirin, can have corrosive action on stomach lining

A

oral

105
Q

Includes drugs held under the tongue and not swallowed; medication is absorbed by blood vessels on underside of the tongue as saliva dissolves it; rate of absorption is quicker than oral route; nitroglycerin to treat angina pectoris (chest pain) is administered by this route

A

sublingual (sl)

106
Q

Includes drugs inhaled directly into nose and mouth; aerosol (aer/o = air) sprays are administered by this route

A

inhalation

107
Q

An invasive method of administering drugs as it requires skin to be punctured by a needle; needle with syringe attached is introduced either under the skin or into a muscle, vein, or
body cavity

A

parenteral

108
Q

Injection into body cavity such as peritoneal cavity or chest cavity; one type of parenteral
route of administration

A

intracavitary

109
Q

Very shallow injection just under top layer of the skin; commonly used in skin testing for allergies and tuberculosis testing; one type of parenteral route of administration

A

intradermal (ID)

110
Q

Injection directly into muscle of buttocks, thigh, or upper arm; used when there is a large amount of medication or it is irritating (see again Figure 2-11 m); one type of parenteral route of administration

A

intramuscular (IM)

111
Q

Injection into meningeal space surrounding the brain and spinal cord; one type of parenteral route of administration

A

intrathecal

112
Q

Injection into veins; route may be set up to deliver medication very quickly or to deliver continuous drip of medication (see again Figure 2-11); one type of parenteral route of
administration

A

intravenous (IV)

113
Q

Injection into subcutaneous layer of skin, usually outer part of upper arm, or abdomen (see again Figure 2-11); for example, insulin injection; one type of parenteral route of
administration

A

subcutaneous

114
Q

Includes medications that coat underside of a patch, which is applied to skin where it is then absorbed; examples include birth control patches, nicotine patches, and sea sickness
patches

A

transdermal

115
Q

Includes medications introduced directly into rectal cavity in the form of suppositories (suppos, supp) or solution; drugs may have to be administered by this route if patient is unable to take them by mouth due to nausea, vomiting, or surgery

A

rectal

116
Q

Includes medications applied directly to skin or mucous membranes; distributed in ointment, cream, or lotion form and used to treat skin infections and eruptions

A

topical (top)

117
Q

Includes tablets and suppositories that may be inserted vaginally to treat vaginal yeast infections and other irritations

A

vaginal

118
Q

Includes drops used during eye examinations to dilate pupil of eye for better examination of interior of eye; also placed into eye to control eye pressure in glaucoma and treat
infections

A

eyedrops

119
Q

Includes drops placed directly into ear canal for purpose of relieving pain or treating infection

A

eardrops

120
Q

Includes drugs placed under lip or between cheek and gum

A

buccal

121
Q

anteroposterior

A

AP

122
Q

cardiovascular

A

CV

123
Q

ear, nose, and throat

A

ENT

124
Q

gastrointestinal

A

GI

125
Q

gynecology

A

GYN

126
Q

intradermal

A

ID

127
Q

intramuscular

A

IM

128
Q

intravenous

A

IV

129
Q

lateral

A

lat

130
Q

lower extremity

A

LE

131
Q

left lower quadrant

A

LLQ

132
Q

left upper quadrant

A

LUQ

133
Q

musculoskeletal

A

MS

134
Q

obstetrics

A

OB

135
Q

posteroanterior

A

PA

136
Q

right lower quadrant

A

RLQ

137
Q

right upper quadrant

A

RUQ

138
Q

sublingual

A

sl

139
Q

subcutaneous

A

Subc, Subq

140
Q

suppository

A

suppos, supp

141
Q

apply topically

A

top

142
Q

upper extremity

A

UE

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions