Chapter 13 [Special Senses: The Eye and Ear] Diseases Flashcards by Enide Clerizier

Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and
treatment of conditions and diseases of the
eye and surrounding structures

ophthalmology
(off-thal-MALL-oh-jee)

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Vision specialist trained in grinding and
fitting corrective lenses

optician
(op-TISH-an)

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Doctor of optometry

optometrist
(op-TOM-eh-trist)

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Medical profession specializing in examining
the eyes, testing visual acuity, and prescribing corrective lenses

optometry
(op-TOM-eh-tree)

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Drooping eyelid

blepharoptosis
(blef-ah-rop-TOH-sis)

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Paralysis of ciliary body that, in turn, changes shape of lens and makes it difficult to bring images into focus

cycloplegia
(sigh-kloh-PLEE-jee-ah)

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Condition of seeing double

diplopia

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State of normal vision

emmetropia (EM)
(em-eh-TROH-pee-ah)

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Paralysis of the iris that, in turn, changes size of the pupil and makes it difficult to regulate amount of light entering the eye

iridoplegia
(ir-id-oh-PLEE-jee-ah)

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Difficulty seeing in dim light; also called night blindness; usually due to damaged rods

nyctalopia
(nik-tah-LOH-pee-ah)

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Eye pain

ophthalmalgia
(off-thal-MAL-jee-ah)

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Paralysis of one or more of the extraocular
eye muscles

ophthalmoplegia
(off-thal-moh-PLEE-jee-ah)

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Bleeding from the eye

ophthalmorrhagia

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Swelling of the optic disk; often as result of
increased intraocular pressure; also called
choked disk

papilledema
(pap-il-eh-DEE-mah)

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Although term translates into fear of light,
actually means strong sensitivity to bright light

photophobia
(foh-toh-FOH-bee-ah)

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Expected changes in vision due to normal
aging process; resulting in difficulty in focusing for near vision (such as reading)

presbyopia
(prez-bee-OH-pee-ah)

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Softening of the sclera

scleromalacia
(sklair-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)

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Condition of dry eyes

xerophthalmia
(zeer-off-THAL-mee-ah)

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Severe congenital deficiency in color vision;
complete color blindness; more common in
males

achromatopsia
(ah-kroh-mah-TOP-see-ah)

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Loss of vision not as result of eye pathology; usually occurs in patients who see two
images; in order to see only one image, the
brain will no longer recognize image being
sent to it by one of the eyes; may occur if
strabismus is not corrected; condition is not
treatable with prescription lens; commonly
referred to as lazy eye

amblyopia
(am-blee-OH-pee-ah)

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Condition in which light rays are focused
unevenlv on the retina (no sharp point of
focus), causing distorted image, due to
abnormal curvature of the cornea

astigmatism (Astigm)
(ah-STIG-mah-tizm)

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Development of an opaque or cloudy lens,
resulting in diminished vision; most common causes are aging, eye trauma, or radiation exposure, but may be
present at birth; treatment is usually surgical removal of lens with cataract and replacement with prosthetic lens

cataract
(KAT-ah-rakt)

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Scraping injury to the cornea; if it does not
heal, may develop into ulcer

corneal abrasion

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Increase in intraocular pressure, which, if
untreated, may result in atrophy (wasting-
away) of optic nerve and blindness; treated
with medication and surgery; there is
increased risk of developing glaucoma
in persons over age 60, those of African
ancestry, people who have sustained serious eye injury, or anyone with family history of diabetes or glaucoma

glaucoma
(glaw-KOH-mah)

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With this condition person dan see things in distance but has trouble reading material at close range: also known as farsightedness; condition Is corrected with converging or biconvey lenses

hyperopia high-per-OH-pee-ah)

Inflammation of the iris

iritis (eye-RYE-tis)

Inflammation of the cornea

keratitis (kair-ah-TYE-tis)

Describes person who has severely impaired vision; usually defined as having visual acuity of 20/200 that cannot be improved with corrective lenses or having visual field of less than 20 degrees

legally blind

Deterioration of macular area of the retina of the eye; may be treated with laser surgery to destroy blood vessels beneath the macula

macular degeneration (MAK-yoo-lar)

Unable to perceive one color

monochromatism (mon-oh-KROH-mah-tizm)

With this condition person can see things close up but distance vision is blurred; alar known as nearsightedness; condition is corrected with diverging or biconcave lenses:

myopia

Fungus infection of the eye

oculomycosis (ok-yoo-loh-my-KOH-sis)

Occurs when the retina becomes separated from the choroid layer; separation seriously damages blood vessels and nerves, resulting in blindness: may be treated with surgical or medical procedures to stabilize the retina and prevent separation

retinal detachment (RET-ih-nal)

Progressive disease of the eye resulting in the retina becoming sclerosed (hard), pigmented (colored), and atrophied (wasting-away); no known cure for this condition

retinitis pigmentosa (ret-ih-NYE-tis/ pig-men-TOH-sah)

Malignant eye tumor occurring in children, usually under age 3; requires enucleation

retinoblastoma (ret-ih-noh-blas-TOH-mah)

General term for disease affecting the retina

retinopathy (ret-in-OP-ah-thee)

Inflammation of the sclera

scleritis (skler-EYE-tis)

Inflammation of the choroid laver

uveitis (yoo-vee-EYE-tis)

Inflammation of the coniunctiva usually as result of bacterial infection but may also de caused by viruses and allergens: commonly called pink eye

conjunctivitis kon-junk-tih-WYE-tis)

Hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in inner corner of the eve

pterygium (teh-RIJ-ee-um)

Inflammation of the eyelid

blepharitis (blef-ah-RYE-tis)

Refers to a stye (or sty), a small purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid: treated with hot compresses and/or surgical incision

hordeolum (hor-DEE-oh-lum)

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland

dacryoadenitis (dak-ree-oh-ad-eh-NYE-tis)

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

dacryocystitis (dak-ree-oh-sis-TYE-tis)

Inward turning of the eye; also called cross- eyed; example of a form of strabismus (muscle weakness of the eye)

esotropia (ET) (ess-oh-TROH-pee-ah)

Outward turning of the eye; also called wall- eyed; also an example of strabismus (muscle weakness of the eye)

exotropia (XT) (eks-oh-TROH-pee-ah)

Eye muscle weakness commonly seen in children resulting in eyes looking in different directions at the same time; may be corrected with glasses, eye exercises, and/or surgery

strabismus (strah-BiZ-mus)

Loss of vision in half of visual field; a stroke patient may suffer from this disorder

hemianopia (hem-ee-ah-NOH-pee-ah)

Jerky-appearing involuntary eye movements, usually left and right; often an indication of brain injury

nystagmus (niss-TAG-mus)

Medical specialty involved with measuring hearing function and identifying hearing loss

audiology (aw-dee-ALL-oh-jee)

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat

otorhinolaryngology (ENT) (oh-toh-rye-noh-lair-in-GALL-oh-jee)

Condition of having abnormally large ears

macrotia (mah-KROH-shee-ah)

Condition of having abnormally small ears

microtia (my-KROH-shee-ah)

ear pain

otalgia (oh-TAL-jee-ah)

Discharge of pus from the ear

otopyorrhea (oh-toh-pye-oh-REE-ah)

Bleeding from the ear

otorrhagia (oh-toh-RAY-jee-ah)

Normal loss of hearing that can accompany aging process

presbycusis (prez-bih-KYOO-sis)

Amount of hearing still present after damage has occurred to auditory mechanism

residual hearing (rih-ZID-joo-al)

Ringing in the ears

tinnitus (tin-EYE-tus)

Rupture of the tympanic membrane

tympanorrhexis (tim-pan-oh-REk-sis)

Dizziness caused by sensation that room is spinning

vertigo (VER-tih-goh)

Total absence of hearing; inability to perceive sound; also called deafness

anacusis (an-ah-KYOO-sis)

Inability to hear or having some degree of hearing impairment

deafness

Excessive accumulation of earwax result- ing in hard wax plug; sound becomes muffled

ceruminosis (seh-roo-mih-NOH-sis)

External ear infection; may be caused by bacteria or fungus; also called otomycosis and commonly referred to as swimmer's ear

otitis externa (OE) (oh-TYE-tis / eks-TER-nah)

Fungal infection of the ear: one type of otitis externa

otomycosis (oh-toh-my-KOH-sis)

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane

myringitis (mir-in-JYE-tis)

Seen frequently in children; commonly referred to as middle ear infection; often preceded by upper respiratory infection during which pathogens move from the pharynx to the middle ear via the eustachian tube; fluid accumulates in

otitis media (OM) (oh-TYE-tis / MEE-dee-ah)

Loss of mobility of the stapes bone, leading to progressive hearing loss

otosclerosis (oh-toh-sklair-OH-sis)

Inflammation of the auditory tube

salpingitis (sal-pin-JIGH-tis)

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane

tympanitis (tim-pan-EYE-tis)

Benign tumor of eighth cranial nerve sheath; pressure causes symptoms such as tinnitus, headache, dizziness, and progressive hearing loss

acoustic neuroma (ah-KOOS-tik/noo-ROH-mah)

May affect both hearing and equilibrium portions of inner ear; also referred to as inner ear infection

labyrinthitis (lab-ih-rin-THIGH-tis)

Abnormal condition within the labyrinth of inner ear that can lead to progressive loss of hearing; symptoms are vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears);

Ménière's disease (may-nee-AIRZ)