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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 [Special Senses: The Eye and Ear] Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 13 [Special Senses: The Eye and Ear] Diseases Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and
treatment of conditions and diseases of the
eye and surrounding structures

A

ophthalmology
(off-thal-MALL-oh-jee)

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2
Q

Vision specialist trained in grinding and
fitting corrective lenses

A

optician
(op-TISH-an)

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3
Q

Doctor of optometry

A

optometrist
(op-TOM-eh-trist)

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4
Q

Medical profession specializing in examining
the eyes, testing visual acuity, and prescribing corrective lenses

A

optometry
(op-TOM-eh-tree)

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5
Q

Drooping eyelid

A

blepharoptosis
(blef-ah-rop-TOH-sis)

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6
Q

Paralysis of ciliary body that, in turn, changes shape of lens and makes it difficult to bring images into focus

A

cycloplegia
(sigh-kloh-PLEE-jee-ah)

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7
Q

Condition of seeing double

A

diplopia

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8
Q

State of normal vision

A

emmetropia (EM)
(em-eh-TROH-pee-ah)

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9
Q

Paralysis of the iris that, in turn, changes size of the pupil and makes it difficult to regulate amount of light entering the eye

A

iridoplegia
(ir-id-oh-PLEE-jee-ah)

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10
Q

Difficulty seeing in dim light; also called night blindness; usually due to damaged rods

A

nyctalopia
(nik-tah-LOH-pee-ah)

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11
Q

Eye pain

A

ophthalmalgia
(off-thal-MAL-jee-ah)

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12
Q

Paralysis of one or more of the extraocular
eye muscles

A

ophthalmoplegia
(off-thal-moh-PLEE-jee-ah)

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13
Q

Bleeding from the eye

A

ophthalmorrhagia

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14
Q

Swelling of the optic disk; often as result of
increased intraocular pressure; also called
choked disk

A

papilledema
(pap-il-eh-DEE-mah)

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15
Q

Although term translates into fear of light,
actually means strong sensitivity to bright light

A

photophobia
(foh-toh-FOH-bee-ah)

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16
Q

Expected changes in vision due to normal
aging process; resulting in difficulty in focusing for near vision (such as reading)

A

presbyopia
(prez-bee-OH-pee-ah)

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17
Q

Softening of the sclera

A

scleromalacia
(sklair-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)

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18
Q

Condition of dry eyes

A

xerophthalmia
(zeer-off-THAL-mee-ah)

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19
Q

Severe congenital deficiency in color vision;
complete color blindness; more common in
males

A

achromatopsia
(ah-kroh-mah-TOP-see-ah)

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20
Q

Loss of vision not as result of eye pathology; usually occurs in patients who see two
images; in order to see only one image, the
brain will no longer recognize image being
sent to it by one of the eyes; may occur if
strabismus is not corrected; condition is not
treatable with prescription lens; commonly
referred to as lazy eye

A

amblyopia
(am-blee-OH-pee-ah)

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21
Q

Condition in which light rays are focused
unevenlv on the retina (no sharp point of
focus), causing distorted image, due to
abnormal curvature of the cornea

A

astigmatism (Astigm)
(ah-STIG-mah-tizm)

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22
Q

Development of an opaque or cloudy lens,
resulting in diminished vision; most common causes are aging, eye trauma, or radiation exposure, but may be
present at birth; treatment is usually surgical removal of lens with cataract and replacement with prosthetic lens

A

cataract
(KAT-ah-rakt)

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23
Q

Scraping injury to the cornea; if it does not
heal, may develop into ulcer

A

corneal abrasion

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24
Q

Increase in intraocular pressure, which, if
untreated, may result in atrophy (wasting-
away) of optic nerve and blindness; treated
with medication and surgery; there is
increased risk of developing glaucoma
in persons over age 60, those of African
ancestry, people who have sustained serious eye injury, or anyone with family history of diabetes or glaucoma

A

glaucoma
(glaw-KOH-mah)

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25
Q

With this condition person dan see things in
distance but has trouble reading material at
close range: also known as farsightedness;
condition Is corrected with converging or
biconvey lenses

A

hyperopia
high-per-OH-pee-ah)

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26
Q

Inflammation of the iris

A

iritis
(eye-RYE-tis)

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27
Q

Inflammation of the cornea

A

keratitis
(kair-ah-TYE-tis)

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28
Q

Describes person who has severely impaired vision; usually defined as having visual acuity of 20/200 that cannot be improved with corrective lenses or having visual field of less than 20 degrees

A

legally blind

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29
Q

Deterioration of macular area of the retina
of the eye; may be treated with laser
surgery to destroy blood vessels beneath
the macula

A

macular degeneration
(MAK-yoo-lar)

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30
Q

Unable to perceive one color

A

monochromatism
(mon-oh-KROH-mah-tizm)

31
Q

With this condition person can see things
close up but distance vision is blurred; alar
known as nearsightedness; condition is corrected with diverging or biconcave lenses:

A

myopia

32
Q

Fungus infection of the eye

A

oculomycosis
(ok-yoo-loh-my-KOH-sis)

33
Q

Occurs when the retina becomes
separated from the choroid layer;
separation seriously damages blood
vessels and nerves, resulting in blindness:
may be treated with surgical or medical
procedures to stabilize the retina and
prevent separation

A

retinal detachment
(RET-ih-nal)

34
Q

Progressive disease of the eye resulting
in the retina becoming sclerosed (hard),
pigmented (colored), and atrophied
(wasting-away); no known cure for this
condition

A

retinitis pigmentosa
(ret-ih-NYE-tis/ pig-men-TOH-sah)

35
Q

Malignant eye tumor occurring in children,
usually under age 3; requires enucleation

A

retinoblastoma
(ret-ih-noh-blas-TOH-mah)

36
Q

General term for disease affecting the retina

A

retinopathy
(ret-in-OP-ah-thee)

37
Q

Inflammation of the sclera

A

scleritis
(skler-EYE-tis)

38
Q

Inflammation of the choroid laver

A

uveitis
(yoo-vee-EYE-tis)

39
Q

Inflammation of the coniunctiva usually as
result of bacterial infection but
may also de
caused by viruses and allergens: commonly called pink eye

A

conjunctivitis
kon-junk-tih-WYE-tis)

40
Q

Hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in inner
corner of the eve

A

pterygium
(teh-RIJ-ee-um)

41
Q

Inflammation of the eyelid

A

blepharitis
(blef-ah-RYE-tis)

42
Q

Refers to a stye (or sty), a small purulent
inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid: treated with hot compresses and/or surgical incision

A

hordeolum
(hor-DEE-oh-lum)

43
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland

A

dacryoadenitis
(dak-ree-oh-ad-eh-NYE-tis)

44
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

A

dacryocystitis
(dak-ree-oh-sis-TYE-tis)

45
Q

Inward turning of the eye; also called cross-
eyed; example of a form of strabismus (muscle weakness of the eye)

A

esotropia (ET)
(ess-oh-TROH-pee-ah)

46
Q

Outward turning of the eye; also called wall-
eyed; also an example of strabismus (muscle weakness of the eye)

A

exotropia (XT)
(eks-oh-TROH-pee-ah)

47
Q

Eye muscle weakness commonly seen in
children resulting in eyes looking in different directions at the same time; may be corrected with glasses, eye exercises, and/or surgery

A

strabismus
(strah-BiZ-mus)

48
Q

Loss of vision in half of visual field; a stroke
patient may suffer from this disorder

A

hemianopia
(hem-ee-ah-NOH-pee-ah)

49
Q

Jerky-appearing involuntary eye movements, usually left and right; often an indication of brain injury

A

nystagmus
(niss-TAG-mus)

50
Q

Medical specialty involved with measuring
hearing function and identifying hearing loss

A

audiology
(aw-dee-ALL-oh-jee)

51
Q

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and
diseases of the ear, nose, and throat

A

otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
(oh-toh-rye-noh-lair-in-GALL-oh-jee)

52
Q

Condition of having abnormally large ears

A

macrotia
(mah-KROH-shee-ah)

53
Q

Condition of having abnormally small ears

A

microtia
(my-KROH-shee-ah)

54
Q

ear pain

A

otalgia
(oh-TAL-jee-ah)

55
Q

Discharge of pus from the ear

A

otopyorrhea
(oh-toh-pye-oh-REE-ah)

56
Q

Bleeding from the ear

A

otorrhagia
(oh-toh-RAY-jee-ah)

57
Q

Normal loss of hearing that can accompany
aging process

A

presbycusis
(prez-bih-KYOO-sis)

58
Q

Amount of hearing still present after
damage has occurred to auditory
mechanism

A

residual hearing
(rih-ZID-joo-al)

59
Q

Ringing in the ears

A

tinnitus
(tin-EYE-tus)

60
Q

Rupture of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanorrhexis
(tim-pan-oh-REk-sis)

61
Q

Dizziness caused by sensation that room is
spinning

A

vertigo
(VER-tih-goh)

62
Q

Total absence of hearing; inability to perceive sound; also called deafness

A

anacusis
(an-ah-KYOO-sis)

63
Q

Inability to hear or having some degree of
hearing impairment

A

deafness

64
Q

Excessive accumulation of earwax result-
ing in hard wax plug; sound becomes
muffled

A

ceruminosis
(seh-roo-mih-NOH-sis)

65
Q

External ear infection; may be caused
by bacteria or fungus; also called
otomycosis and commonly referred to as
swimmer’s ear

A

otitis externa (OE)
(oh-TYE-tis / eks-TER-nah)

66
Q

Fungal infection of the ear: one type of otitis externa

A

otomycosis
(oh-toh-my-KOH-sis)

67
Q

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane

A

myringitis
(mir-in-JYE-tis)

68
Q

Seen frequently in children; commonly
referred to as middle ear infection; often
preceded by upper respiratory infection
during which pathogens move from the
pharynx to the middle ear via the eustachian tube; fluid accumulates in

A

otitis media (OM)
(oh-TYE-tis / MEE-dee-ah)

69
Q

Loss of mobility of the stapes bone, leading
to progressive hearing loss

A

otosclerosis
(oh-toh-sklair-OH-sis)

70
Q

Inflammation of the auditory tube

A

salpingitis
(sal-pin-JIGH-tis)

71
Q

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanitis
(tim-pan-EYE-tis)

72
Q

Benign tumor of eighth cranial nerve
sheath; pressure causes symptoms such as
tinnitus, headache, dizziness, and progressive hearing loss

A

acoustic neuroma
(ah-KOOS-tik/noo-ROH-mah)

73
Q

May affect both hearing and equilibrium
portions of inner ear; also referred to as
inner ear infection

A

labyrinthitis
(lab-ih-rin-THIGH-tis)

74
Q

Abnormal condition within the labyrinth of
inner ear that can lead to progressive loss of hearing; symptoms are vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears);

A

Ménière’s disease
(may-nee-AIRZ)

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

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