Chapter 13 [Special Senses: The Eye and Ear] Diseases Flashcards
Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and
treatment of conditions and diseases of the
eye and surrounding structures
ophthalmology
(off-thal-MALL-oh-jee)
Vision specialist trained in grinding and
fitting corrective lenses
optician
(op-TISH-an)
Doctor of optometry
optometrist
(op-TOM-eh-trist)
Medical profession specializing in examining
the eyes, testing visual acuity, and prescribing corrective lenses
optometry
(op-TOM-eh-tree)
Drooping eyelid
blepharoptosis
(blef-ah-rop-TOH-sis)
Paralysis of ciliary body that, in turn, changes shape of lens and makes it difficult to bring images into focus
cycloplegia
(sigh-kloh-PLEE-jee-ah)
Condition of seeing double
diplopia
State of normal vision
emmetropia (EM)
(em-eh-TROH-pee-ah)
Paralysis of the iris that, in turn, changes size of the pupil and makes it difficult to regulate amount of light entering the eye
iridoplegia
(ir-id-oh-PLEE-jee-ah)
Difficulty seeing in dim light; also called night blindness; usually due to damaged rods
nyctalopia
(nik-tah-LOH-pee-ah)
Eye pain
ophthalmalgia
(off-thal-MAL-jee-ah)
Paralysis of one or more of the extraocular
eye muscles
ophthalmoplegia
(off-thal-moh-PLEE-jee-ah)
Bleeding from the eye
ophthalmorrhagia
Swelling of the optic disk; often as result of
increased intraocular pressure; also called
choked disk
papilledema
(pap-il-eh-DEE-mah)
Although term translates into fear of light,
actually means strong sensitivity to bright light
photophobia
(foh-toh-FOH-bee-ah)
Expected changes in vision due to normal
aging process; resulting in difficulty in focusing for near vision (such as reading)
presbyopia
(prez-bee-OH-pee-ah)
Softening of the sclera
scleromalacia
(sklair-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)
Condition of dry eyes
xerophthalmia
(zeer-off-THAL-mee-ah)
Severe congenital deficiency in color vision;
complete color blindness; more common in
males
achromatopsia
(ah-kroh-mah-TOP-see-ah)
Loss of vision not as result of eye pathology; usually occurs in patients who see two
images; in order to see only one image, the
brain will no longer recognize image being
sent to it by one of the eyes; may occur if
strabismus is not corrected; condition is not
treatable with prescription lens; commonly
referred to as lazy eye
amblyopia
(am-blee-OH-pee-ah)
Condition in which light rays are focused
unevenlv on the retina (no sharp point of
focus), causing distorted image, due to
abnormal curvature of the cornea
astigmatism (Astigm)
(ah-STIG-mah-tizm)
Development of an opaque or cloudy lens,
resulting in diminished vision; most common causes are aging, eye trauma, or radiation exposure, but may be
present at birth; treatment is usually surgical removal of lens with cataract and replacement with prosthetic lens
cataract
(KAT-ah-rakt)
Scraping injury to the cornea; if it does not
heal, may develop into ulcer
corneal abrasion
Increase in intraocular pressure, which, if
untreated, may result in atrophy (wasting-
away) of optic nerve and blindness; treated
with medication and surgery; there is
increased risk of developing glaucoma
in persons over age 60, those of African
ancestry, people who have sustained serious eye injury, or anyone with family history of diabetes or glaucoma
glaucoma
(glaw-KOH-mah)
With this condition person dan see things in
distance but has trouble reading material at
close range: also known as farsightedness;
condition Is corrected with converging or
biconvey lenses
hyperopia
high-per-OH-pee-ah)
Inflammation of the iris
iritis
(eye-RYE-tis)
Inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
(kair-ah-TYE-tis)
Describes person who has severely impaired vision; usually defined as having visual acuity of 20/200 that cannot be improved with corrective lenses or having visual field of less than 20 degrees
legally blind
Deterioration of macular area of the retina
of the eye; may be treated with laser
surgery to destroy blood vessels beneath
the macula
macular degeneration
(MAK-yoo-lar)
Unable to perceive one color
monochromatism
(mon-oh-KROH-mah-tizm)
With this condition person can see things
close up but distance vision is blurred; alar
known as nearsightedness; condition is corrected with diverging or biconcave lenses:
myopia
Fungus infection of the eye
oculomycosis
(ok-yoo-loh-my-KOH-sis)
Occurs when the retina becomes
separated from the choroid layer;
separation seriously damages blood
vessels and nerves, resulting in blindness:
may be treated with surgical or medical
procedures to stabilize the retina and
prevent separation
retinal detachment
(RET-ih-nal)
Progressive disease of the eye resulting
in the retina becoming sclerosed (hard),
pigmented (colored), and atrophied
(wasting-away); no known cure for this
condition
retinitis pigmentosa
(ret-ih-NYE-tis/ pig-men-TOH-sah)
Malignant eye tumor occurring in children,
usually under age 3; requires enucleation
retinoblastoma
(ret-ih-noh-blas-TOH-mah)
General term for disease affecting the retina
retinopathy
(ret-in-OP-ah-thee)
Inflammation of the sclera
scleritis
(skler-EYE-tis)
Inflammation of the choroid laver
uveitis
(yoo-vee-EYE-tis)
Inflammation of the coniunctiva usually as
result of bacterial infection but
may also de
caused by viruses and allergens: commonly called pink eye
conjunctivitis
kon-junk-tih-WYE-tis)
Hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in inner
corner of the eve
pterygium
(teh-RIJ-ee-um)
Inflammation of the eyelid
blepharitis
(blef-ah-RYE-tis)
Refers to a stye (or sty), a small purulent
inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid: treated with hot compresses and/or surgical incision
hordeolum
(hor-DEE-oh-lum)
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland
dacryoadenitis
(dak-ree-oh-ad-eh-NYE-tis)
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac
dacryocystitis
(dak-ree-oh-sis-TYE-tis)
Inward turning of the eye; also called cross-
eyed; example of a form of strabismus (muscle weakness of the eye)
esotropia (ET)
(ess-oh-TROH-pee-ah)
Outward turning of the eye; also called wall-
eyed; also an example of strabismus (muscle weakness of the eye)
exotropia (XT)
(eks-oh-TROH-pee-ah)
Eye muscle weakness commonly seen in
children resulting in eyes looking in different directions at the same time; may be corrected with glasses, eye exercises, and/or surgery
strabismus
(strah-BiZ-mus)
Loss of vision in half of visual field; a stroke
patient may suffer from this disorder
hemianopia
(hem-ee-ah-NOH-pee-ah)
Jerky-appearing involuntary eye movements, usually left and right; often an indication of brain injury
nystagmus
(niss-TAG-mus)
Medical specialty involved with measuring
hearing function and identifying hearing loss
audiology
(aw-dee-ALL-oh-jee)
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and
diseases of the ear, nose, and throat
otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
(oh-toh-rye-noh-lair-in-GALL-oh-jee)
Condition of having abnormally large ears
macrotia
(mah-KROH-shee-ah)
Condition of having abnormally small ears
microtia
(my-KROH-shee-ah)
ear pain
otalgia
(oh-TAL-jee-ah)
Discharge of pus from the ear
otopyorrhea
(oh-toh-pye-oh-REE-ah)
Bleeding from the ear
otorrhagia
(oh-toh-RAY-jee-ah)
Normal loss of hearing that can accompany
aging process
presbycusis
(prez-bih-KYOO-sis)
Amount of hearing still present after
damage has occurred to auditory
mechanism
residual hearing
(rih-ZID-joo-al)
Ringing in the ears
tinnitus
(tin-EYE-tus)
Rupture of the tympanic membrane
tympanorrhexis
(tim-pan-oh-REk-sis)
Dizziness caused by sensation that room is
spinning
vertigo
(VER-tih-goh)
Total absence of hearing; inability to perceive sound; also called deafness
anacusis
(an-ah-KYOO-sis)
Inability to hear or having some degree of
hearing impairment
deafness
Excessive accumulation of earwax result-
ing in hard wax plug; sound becomes
muffled
ceruminosis
(seh-roo-mih-NOH-sis)
External ear infection; may be caused
by bacteria or fungus; also called
otomycosis and commonly referred to as
swimmer’s ear
otitis externa (OE)
(oh-TYE-tis / eks-TER-nah)
Fungal infection of the ear: one type of otitis externa
otomycosis
(oh-toh-my-KOH-sis)
Inflammation of the tympanic membrane
myringitis
(mir-in-JYE-tis)
Seen frequently in children; commonly
referred to as middle ear infection; often
preceded by upper respiratory infection
during which pathogens move from the
pharynx to the middle ear via the eustachian tube; fluid accumulates in
otitis media (OM)
(oh-TYE-tis / MEE-dee-ah)
Loss of mobility of the stapes bone, leading
to progressive hearing loss
otosclerosis
(oh-toh-sklair-OH-sis)
Inflammation of the auditory tube
salpingitis
(sal-pin-JIGH-tis)
Inflammation of the tympanic membrane
tympanitis
(tim-pan-EYE-tis)
Benign tumor of eighth cranial nerve
sheath; pressure causes symptoms such as
tinnitus, headache, dizziness, and progressive hearing loss
acoustic neuroma
(ah-KOOS-tik/noo-ROH-mah)
May affect both hearing and equilibrium
portions of inner ear; also referred to as
inner ear infection
labyrinthitis
(lab-ih-rin-THIGH-tis)
Abnormal condition within the labyrinth of
inner ear that can lead to progressive loss of hearing; symptoms are vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears);
Ménière’s disease
(may-nee-AIRZ)
