Chapter 5 [Cardiovascular System] Diseases Flashcards
cardiology
Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of cardiovascular system
cardiovascular technologist/ technician
Healthcare professional trained to perform variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography, and exercise stress test
cardiovascular technologist/ technician
Healthcare professional trained to perform variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography, and exercise stress test
angiitis
Inflammation of a vessel
angiospasm
Involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessel
angiostenosis
Narrowing of a vessel
embolus
Obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from thrombus somewhere else In body and traveled to point of obstruction; if it occurs in coronary artery, may result in myocardial infarction
infarct
Area of tissue within organ or part that under. goes necrosis (death following loss of its blood supply
ischemia
Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction to circulation
murmur
A sound, in addition to normal heart sounds, arising from blood flowing through heart; extra sound may or may not indicate a heart abnormality
orthostatic hypotension
Sudden drop in blood pressure a person experiences when standing straight up suddenly
palpitations
Pounding, racing heartbeats
plaque
Yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery that is hallmark of atherosclerosis; also called an atheroma
regurgitation
To flow backward; in cardiovascular system this refers to backflow of blood through a valve
thrombus (THROM-bus)
Blood clot forming within blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel
angina pectoris (an-JYE-nah / PEK-tor-is)
Condition in which there is severe pain with sensation of constriction around heart; caused by deficiency of oxygen to heart muscle; commonly called chest pain (CP)
cardiac arrest
Complete stopping of heart activity
cardiac tamponade
(KAR-dee-ak / tam-poh-NADE)
Pressure on heart as a result of fluid buildup around heart inside pericardial sac; heart becomes unable to pump blood effectively
cardiomegaly (kar-dee-oh-MEG-ah-lee)
enlarged heart
cardiomyopathy
(kar-dee-oh-my-OP-ah-thee)
General term for disease of myocardium; can be caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure; one of most common reasons a patient may require heart transplant
congenital septal defect (CSD)
Hole, present at birth, in septum between two heart chambers; results in mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; can be an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a ventricular septal defect (VSD)
congestive heart failure (CHF)
(kon-JESS-tiv)
Pathological condition of heart in which there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart because left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema
coronary artery disease (CAD)
(KOR-ah-nair-ee)
Insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries. may be caused by atherosclerosis and may cause angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
endocarditis
(en-doh-kar-DYE-tis)
Inflammation of lining membranes of heart, may be due to bacteria or to abnormal immunological response; in bacterial endocarditis, mass of bacteria that forms is referred to as
vegetation