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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 Blood and the Lymphatic and Immune Systems [Diseases] > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Blood and the Lymphatic and Immune Systems [Diseases] Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

basophilic

A

Pertaining to [a leukocyte] that attracts a basic pH stain

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2
Q

eosinophilic
(ee-oh-sin-oh-FILL-ik)

A

Pertaining to la leukocyte] that attracts a rosy red stain

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3
Q

erythrocytic
(eh-rith-roh-SIT-ik)

A

Pertaining to a red blood cell

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4
Q

lymphocytic
(lim-foh-SIT-ik)

A

Pertaining to a [white] cell formed in lymphatic tissue

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5
Q

monocytic
(mon-oh-SIT-ik)

A

Pertaining to a [white] cell with a single, large nucleus

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6
Q

neutrophilic
(noo-troh-FILL-iK)

A

Pertaining to [a leukocyte] that attracts a neutral pH stain

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7
Q

sanguineous
(sang-GWIN-ee-us)

A

Pertaining to blood

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8
Q

thrombocytic
(throm-boh-SIT-1k)

A

Pertaining to a clotting cell; a platelet

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9
Q

thrombotic
(throm-BOT-ik)

A

Pertaining to a clot

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10
Q

coagulate
(koh-AG-yoo-late)

A

To convert from a liquid to a gel or solid, as in blood coagulation

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11
Q

dyscrasia
(dis-KRAY-zee-ah)

A

General term indicating presence of a disease affecting blood

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12
Q

hematoma
(hee-mah-TOH-mah)

A

Collection of blood under skin as result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels:
commonly referred to as a bruise

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13
Q

hemorrhage
(HEM-eh-rii)

A

Blood flowing out of blood vessel (i.e., bleeding)

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14
Q

thrombus
(THROM-bus)

A

Hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is end result of hemostasis or blood-clotting process; thrombus is helpful to body by stopping bleeding, as in skin laceration; however, it is hurtful to body if it occurs within a blood vessel, as in myocardial infarction; commonlv referred to as a blood clot

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15
Q

hemophilia
(hee-moh-FILL-ee-ah)

A

Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged due to lack of one vital clotting factor; transmitted by sex-linked trait from females to males, appearing almost exclusively in males

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16
Q

hyperlipidemia
(high-per-lip-ih-DEE-mee-ah)

A

Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in bloodstream; risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease

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17
Q

pancytopenia
(pan-sigh-toh-PEE-nee-ah)

A

Having too few of all cells

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18
Q

septicemia
(sep-tih-SEE-mee-ah)

A

Having bacteria or their toxins in bloodstream; sepsis is term that means putrefaction or infection;
commonly referred to as blood poisoning

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19
Q

anemia
(ah-NEE-mee-ah)

A

Large group of conditions characterized by reduction in number of red blood cells or amount of hemoglobin in blood; results in less oxygen reaching tissues

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20
Q

aplastic anemia
(ay-PLAS-tik / ah-NEE-mee-ah)

A

Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone mar. row; results in decrease in number of all formed rooments; treatment may eventually require bons marrow transplant

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21
Q

erythrocytosis
(eh-rith-roh-sigh-TOH-sis)

A

Condition of having too many red blood cells

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22
Q

erythropenia
(eh-rith-roh-PEE-nee-ah)

A

Condition of having too few red blood cells

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23
Q

hemolytic anemia
(hee-moh-LIT-ik / ah-NEE-mee-ah)

A

Anemia that develops as result of destruction of erythrocytes

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24
Q

hemolytic reaction
(hee-moh-LIT-ik)

A

Destruction of patient’s erythrocytes that occurs when receiving a transfusion of incompatible blood type; also called transfusion reaction

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25
Q

hypochromic anemia
(high-poh-KROHM-ik / ah-NEE-mee-ah)

A

Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in erythrocytes; named because hemoglobin molecule is responsible for dark red color of erythrocytes

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26
Q

iron-deficiency anemia

A

Anemia resulting from not having sufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin

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27
Q

pernicious anemia (PA)
(per-NISH-us / ah-NEE-mee-ah)

A

Anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin Bi, by digestive system; vitamin B,, is necessary for erythrocyte production

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28
Q

polycythemia vera
(pol-ee-sigh-THEE-mee-ah / VAIR-ah)

A

Production of too many red blood cells by bone marrow; blood becomes too thick to easily flow through blood vessels

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29
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

Genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on abnormal curved or “sickle” shape; cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to hemolvtic anemia

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30
Q

thalassemia
(thal-ah-SEE-mee-ah)

A

Genetic disorder in which body is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia

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31
Q

leukemia
(loo-KEE-mee-ah)

A

Cancer located in red bone marrow tissue responsible for producing white blood cells; results in large number of abnormal and immature leukocytes circulating in bloodstream

32
Q

leukocytosis
(loo-koh-sigh-TOH-sis)

A

Condition of having too many white blood cells

33
Q

leukopenia
(loo-koh-PEE-nee-ah)

A

Condition of having too few white blood cells

34
Q

Ivmphocytic leukemia
(lim-foh-SIT-ik / loo-KEE-mee-ah)

A

Type of leukemia in which abnormal white blood cells are lymphocytes; may be acute (rapid onset and progression) or chronic (slow onset and progression)

35
Q

myeloid leukemia
(MY-eh-loyd / loo-KEE-mee-ah)

A

Type of leukemia in which abnormal leukocytes are granulocytes (usually neutrophils); may be acute (rapid onset and progression) or chronic (slow onset and progression)

36
Q

thrombocytopenia
(throm-boh-sigh-toh-PEE-nee-ah)

A

Condition of having too few platelets

37
Q

thrombocytosis
(throm-boh-sigh-TOH-sis)

A

Condition of having too many platelets

38
Q

allergist
(AL-er-jist)

A

Physician who specializes in testing for and treating allergies

39
Q

immunology
(im-yoo-NALL-oh-jee)

A

Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of immune system;

40
Q

pathology
(pah-THOL-oh-jee)

A

Branch of medicine concerned with determining underlying causes and develooment of diseases

41
Q

hives

A

Appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction

42
Q

inflammation
(in-flah-MAY-shun)

A

Tissues’ response to injury from pathogens or physical agents; characterized by red-ness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to the touch

43
Q

lymphedema
(limf-eh-DEE-mah)

A

Edema appearing in extremities due to obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels

44
Q

splenomegaly
(spleh-noh-MEG-ah-lee)

A

Enlarged spleen

45
Q

urticaria
(er-tih-KAIR-ee-ah)

A

Severe itching associated with hives, usually linked to food allergy, stress, or drug reactions

46
Q

allergic asthma
(ah-LER-iik / AZ-mah)

A

Inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling an allergen; symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath

47
Q

allergic conjunctivitis
(ah-LER-jik / kon-junk-tih-VYE-tis)

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva (protective membrane over front of eyeball) caused by allergens in the air

48
Q

allergic rhinitis
(ah-LER-jik / rye-NYE-tis)

A

Allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen such as pollen, animal dander, or mold; symptoms may include sneezing, runny nose, congestion, post-nasal drip, cough, and itchy, watery eyes; commonly called hay fever

49
Q

allergy (AL-er-jee)

A

Hypersensitivity to common substance in environment or to medication; substance causing allergic reaction is called allergen

50
Q

anaphylactic shock
(an-ah-fih-LAK-tik)

A

Life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction; examples of instances that may trigger this reaction include bee stings, medications, or ingestion of foods; circulatory and respiratory problems occur, including respiratory distress, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, and convulsions;

51
Q

contact dermatitis (der-mah-TYE-tis)

A

Skin irritation caused by skin coming into direct contact with an allergen; symptoms may include redness, itching, rash, and blisters; common allergens are poison ivy, soaps, fragrances, and jewelry

52
Q

adenoiditis
(ad-eh-noyd-EYE-tis)

A

Inflammation of adenoids

53
Q

autoimmune disease

A

Disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens; examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis

54
Q

elephantiasis
(el-eh-fan-TYE-ah-sis)

A

Inflammation, obstruction, and destruction
of lymph vessels resulting in enlarged tissues due to edema

55
Q

Hodgkin’s disease (HD)
(HOJ-kins)

A

cancer of lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes;

56
Q

lymphadenitis
(lim-fad-en-EYE-tis)

A

Inflammation of lymph nodes; referred to as
swollen glands

57
Q

Ivmphadenopathy
(lim-fad-eh-NOP-ah-thee)

A

General term for lymph node diseases

58
Q

lymphangioma
(lim-fan-jee-OH-mah)

A

Tumor in a lymphatic vessel

59
Q

lymphoma
(lim-FOH-mah)

A

Tumor in lymphatic tissue

60
Q

mononucleosis (mono)
(mon-oh-noo-klee-OH-sis)

A

Acute infectious disease with large number of abnormal mononuclear lymphocytes; caused by Epstein-Barr virus; abnormal liver function may occur; commonly called kissing disease since virus can be spread by saliva

61
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)

A

Cancer of lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

62
Q

thymoma (thigh-MOH-mah)

A

Tumor of thymus gland

63
Q

tonsillitis
(tahn-sill-EYE-tis)

A

Inflammation of tonsils

64
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
(im-yoo-noh-dih-FIH-shen-see / SIN-drohm)

A

Disease involving defect in cell-mediated immunity system; syndrome of opportunistic infections occurring in final stages of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); virus attacks T4 lymphocytes and destroys them, reducing person’s ability to fight infection

65
Q

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

A

Early stage of AIDS; there is a positive test for virus, but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia

66
Q

graft versus host disease (GVHD)

A

Serious complication of bone marrow trans. plant (graft); immune cells from donor bone marrow attack recipient’s (host’s) tissues

67
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
(im-yoo-noh-dih-FIH-shen-see)

A

Virus that causes AIDS; also known as a retrovirus

68
Q

immunocompromised
(im-yoo-noh-KOM-proh-myzd)

A

Having immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens;

69
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)
(KAP-oh-seez / sar-KOH-mah)

A

Form of skin cancer frequently seen in patients with AIDS; consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from skin and metastasize to internal organs;

70
Q

multiple myeloma
(my-eh-LOH-mah)

A

Originates in plasma cells (type of lymphocyte responsible for making antibodies); over time, these malignant cells collect in bone marrow, resulting in a bone marrow tumor; may spread to skeleton

71
Q

opportunistic infections

A

Infectious diseases associated with patients who have compromised immune systems and therefore lowered resistance to infections and parasites; may be result of HIV infection

72
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
(noo-moh-SIS-tis / noo-MOH-nee-ah)

A

Pneumonia common in patients with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients

73
Q

sarcoidosis
(sar-koyd-OH-sis)

A

Autoimmune disease of unknown cause that forms fibrous lesions commonly appearing in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet

74
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency immun/o
syndrome (SCIDS)

A

Disease seen in children born with nonfunctioning immune system; often these children are forced to live in sealed sterile rooms

75
Q

carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriacee (CRE) infection
(kar-bah-PEN-em / ree-ZISS-tent / en-ter-oh-bak-teer-ee-AY-see-ee)

A

Infection by group of bacteria that have resistance to powerful group of antibiotics called carbapenems; almost all infections occur in healthcare settings, especially among patients with ventilators, urinary catheters, intravenous catheters, or on long-term antibiotics

76
Q

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection
(klaw-STRIH-dee-um / dif-ee-SEEL)

A

Infection with C. diff bacteria causes inflammation of colon; symptoms may include diarrhea, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain; most commonly occurs in persons with conditions requiring extended use of antibiotics; infection spread through contact with contaminated feces

77
Q

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
(meth-ih-SIL-in / ree-ZISS-tent / staf-ih-loh-KOK-us / OR-ee-iss)

A

Infecting bacteria are resistant to many common antibiotics, such as methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin; spread through contact with contaminated surface, often improperly washed hands

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

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