Chapter 6 Blood and the Lymphatic and Immune Systems [Diseases] Flashcards
basophilic
Pertaining to [a leukocyte] that attracts a basic pH stain
eosinophilic
(ee-oh-sin-oh-FILL-ik)
Pertaining to la leukocyte] that attracts a rosy red stain
erythrocytic
(eh-rith-roh-SIT-ik)
Pertaining to a red blood cell
lymphocytic
(lim-foh-SIT-ik)
Pertaining to a [white] cell formed in lymphatic tissue
monocytic
(mon-oh-SIT-ik)
Pertaining to a [white] cell with a single, large nucleus
neutrophilic
(noo-troh-FILL-iK)
Pertaining to [a leukocyte] that attracts a neutral pH stain
sanguineous
(sang-GWIN-ee-us)
Pertaining to blood
thrombocytic
(throm-boh-SIT-1k)
Pertaining to a clotting cell; a platelet
thrombotic
(throm-BOT-ik)
Pertaining to a clot
coagulate
(koh-AG-yoo-late)
To convert from a liquid to a gel or solid, as in blood coagulation
dyscrasia
(dis-KRAY-zee-ah)
General term indicating presence of a disease affecting blood
hematoma
(hee-mah-TOH-mah)
Collection of blood under skin as result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels:
commonly referred to as a bruise
hemorrhage
(HEM-eh-rii)
Blood flowing out of blood vessel (i.e., bleeding)
thrombus
(THROM-bus)
Hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is end result of hemostasis or blood-clotting process; thrombus is helpful to body by stopping bleeding, as in skin laceration; however, it is hurtful to body if it occurs within a blood vessel, as in myocardial infarction; commonlv referred to as a blood clot
hemophilia
(hee-moh-FILL-ee-ah)
Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged due to lack of one vital clotting factor; transmitted by sex-linked trait from females to males, appearing almost exclusively in males
hyperlipidemia
(high-per-lip-ih-DEE-mee-ah)
Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in bloodstream; risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease
pancytopenia
(pan-sigh-toh-PEE-nee-ah)
Having too few of all cells
septicemia
(sep-tih-SEE-mee-ah)
Having bacteria or their toxins in bloodstream; sepsis is term that means putrefaction or infection;
commonly referred to as blood poisoning
anemia
(ah-NEE-mee-ah)
Large group of conditions characterized by reduction in number of red blood cells or amount of hemoglobin in blood; results in less oxygen reaching tissues
aplastic anemia
(ay-PLAS-tik / ah-NEE-mee-ah)
Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone mar. row; results in decrease in number of all formed rooments; treatment may eventually require bons marrow transplant
erythrocytosis
(eh-rith-roh-sigh-TOH-sis)
Condition of having too many red blood cells
erythropenia
(eh-rith-roh-PEE-nee-ah)
Condition of having too few red blood cells
hemolytic anemia
(hee-moh-LIT-ik / ah-NEE-mee-ah)
Anemia that develops as result of destruction of erythrocytes
hemolytic reaction
(hee-moh-LIT-ik)
Destruction of patient’s erythrocytes that occurs when receiving a transfusion of incompatible blood type; also called transfusion reaction
hypochromic anemia
(high-poh-KROHM-ik / ah-NEE-mee-ah)
Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in erythrocytes; named because hemoglobin molecule is responsible for dark red color of erythrocytes
iron-deficiency anemia
Anemia resulting from not having sufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin
pernicious anemia (PA)
(per-NISH-us / ah-NEE-mee-ah)
Anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin Bi, by digestive system; vitamin B,, is necessary for erythrocyte production
polycythemia vera
(pol-ee-sigh-THEE-mee-ah / VAIR-ah)
Production of too many red blood cells by bone marrow; blood becomes too thick to easily flow through blood vessels
sickle cell anemia
Genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on abnormal curved or “sickle” shape; cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to hemolvtic anemia
thalassemia
(thal-ah-SEE-mee-ah)
Genetic disorder in which body is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia
leukemia
(loo-KEE-mee-ah)
Cancer located in red bone marrow tissue responsible for producing white blood cells; results in large number of abnormal and immature leukocytes circulating in bloodstream
leukocytosis
(loo-koh-sigh-TOH-sis)
Condition of having too many white blood cells
leukopenia
(loo-koh-PEE-nee-ah)
Condition of having too few white blood cells
Ivmphocytic leukemia
(lim-foh-SIT-ik / loo-KEE-mee-ah)
Type of leukemia in which abnormal white blood cells are lymphocytes; may be acute (rapid onset and progression) or chronic (slow onset and progression)
myeloid leukemia
(MY-eh-loyd / loo-KEE-mee-ah)
Type of leukemia in which abnormal leukocytes are granulocytes (usually neutrophils); may be acute (rapid onset and progression) or chronic (slow onset and progression)
thrombocytopenia
(throm-boh-sigh-toh-PEE-nee-ah)
Condition of having too few platelets
thrombocytosis
(throm-boh-sigh-TOH-sis)
Condition of having too many platelets
allergist
(AL-er-jist)
Physician who specializes in testing for and treating allergies
immunology
(im-yoo-NALL-oh-jee)
Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of immune system;
pathology
(pah-THOL-oh-jee)
Branch of medicine concerned with determining underlying causes and develooment of diseases
hives
Appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction
inflammation
(in-flah-MAY-shun)
Tissues’ response to injury from pathogens or physical agents; characterized by red-ness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to the touch
lymphedema
(limf-eh-DEE-mah)
Edema appearing in extremities due to obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels
splenomegaly
(spleh-noh-MEG-ah-lee)
Enlarged spleen
urticaria
(er-tih-KAIR-ee-ah)
Severe itching associated with hives, usually linked to food allergy, stress, or drug reactions
allergic asthma
(ah-LER-iik / AZ-mah)
Inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling an allergen; symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath
allergic conjunctivitis
(ah-LER-jik / kon-junk-tih-VYE-tis)
Inflammation of the conjunctiva (protective membrane over front of eyeball) caused by allergens in the air
allergic rhinitis
(ah-LER-jik / rye-NYE-tis)
Allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen such as pollen, animal dander, or mold; symptoms may include sneezing, runny nose, congestion, post-nasal drip, cough, and itchy, watery eyes; commonly called hay fever
allergy (AL-er-jee)
Hypersensitivity to common substance in environment or to medication; substance causing allergic reaction is called allergen
anaphylactic shock
(an-ah-fih-LAK-tik)
Life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction; examples of instances that may trigger this reaction include bee stings, medications, or ingestion of foods; circulatory and respiratory problems occur, including respiratory distress, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, and convulsions;
contact dermatitis (der-mah-TYE-tis)
Skin irritation caused by skin coming into direct contact with an allergen; symptoms may include redness, itching, rash, and blisters; common allergens are poison ivy, soaps, fragrances, and jewelry
adenoiditis
(ad-eh-noyd-EYE-tis)
Inflammation of adenoids
autoimmune disease
Disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens; examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis
elephantiasis
(el-eh-fan-TYE-ah-sis)
Inflammation, obstruction, and destruction
of lymph vessels resulting in enlarged tissues due to edema
Hodgkin’s disease (HD)
(HOJ-kins)
cancer of lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes;
lymphadenitis
(lim-fad-en-EYE-tis)
Inflammation of lymph nodes; referred to as
swollen glands
Ivmphadenopathy
(lim-fad-eh-NOP-ah-thee)
General term for lymph node diseases
lymphangioma
(lim-fan-jee-OH-mah)
Tumor in a lymphatic vessel
lymphoma
(lim-FOH-mah)
Tumor in lymphatic tissue
mononucleosis (mono)
(mon-oh-noo-klee-OH-sis)
Acute infectious disease with large number of abnormal mononuclear lymphocytes; caused by Epstein-Barr virus; abnormal liver function may occur; commonly called kissing disease since virus can be spread by saliva
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
Cancer of lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
thymoma (thigh-MOH-mah)
Tumor of thymus gland
tonsillitis
(tahn-sill-EYE-tis)
Inflammation of tonsils
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
(im-yoo-noh-dih-FIH-shen-see / SIN-drohm)
Disease involving defect in cell-mediated immunity system; syndrome of opportunistic infections occurring in final stages of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); virus attacks T4 lymphocytes and destroys them, reducing person’s ability to fight infection
AIDS-related complex (ARC)
Early stage of AIDS; there is a positive test for virus, but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia
graft versus host disease (GVHD)
Serious complication of bone marrow trans. plant (graft); immune cells from donor bone marrow attack recipient’s (host’s) tissues
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
(im-yoo-noh-dih-FIH-shen-see)
Virus that causes AIDS; also known as a retrovirus
immunocompromised
(im-yoo-noh-KOM-proh-myzd)
Having immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens;
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)
(KAP-oh-seez / sar-KOH-mah)
Form of skin cancer frequently seen in patients with AIDS; consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from skin and metastasize to internal organs;
multiple myeloma
(my-eh-LOH-mah)
Originates in plasma cells (type of lymphocyte responsible for making antibodies); over time, these malignant cells collect in bone marrow, resulting in a bone marrow tumor; may spread to skeleton
opportunistic infections
Infectious diseases associated with patients who have compromised immune systems and therefore lowered resistance to infections and parasites; may be result of HIV infection
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
(noo-moh-SIS-tis / noo-MOH-nee-ah)
Pneumonia common in patients with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients
sarcoidosis
(sar-koyd-OH-sis)
Autoimmune disease of unknown cause that forms fibrous lesions commonly appearing in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet
severe combined immunodeficiency immun/o
syndrome (SCIDS)
Disease seen in children born with nonfunctioning immune system; often these children are forced to live in sealed sterile rooms
carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriacee (CRE) infection
(kar-bah-PEN-em / ree-ZISS-tent / en-ter-oh-bak-teer-ee-AY-see-ee)
Infection by group of bacteria that have resistance to powerful group of antibiotics called carbapenems; almost all infections occur in healthcare settings, especially among patients with ventilators, urinary catheters, intravenous catheters, or on long-term antibiotics
Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection
(klaw-STRIH-dee-um / dif-ee-SEEL)
Infection with C. diff bacteria causes inflammation of colon; symptoms may include diarrhea, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain; most commonly occurs in persons with conditions requiring extended use of antibiotics; infection spread through contact with contaminated feces
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
(meth-ih-SIL-in / ree-ZISS-tent / staf-ih-loh-KOK-us / OR-ee-iss)
Infecting bacteria are resistant to many common antibiotics, such as methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin; spread through contact with contaminated surface, often improperly washed hands
