Chapter #9 - Transport In Animals Flashcards
What is the structure of the circulatory system?
- A system of blood vessels that carry blood.
- A heart which pumps blood.
- Valves that ensure flow in one direction.
How does blood travel throgh the circulatory system?
Body => R Heart => Lungs => L Heart => Body
Where does oxygenated blood come from?
It comes from the lungs and goes into the left side of the heart and than to the body.
Where does deoxygenated blood come from?
It comes from the body and needs to be oxygenated again. It goes into the left side of the heart and is pumped into the lungs.
What are the properties of the double circulatory system?
- Blood passes through the heart 2x in one complete circuit of the body.
- Found in all mammals.
- Made of two parts
1. Pulmonary system
2. Systemic system
What are the two parts of the double circulatory system?
- Pulmonary System: Vessels that take blood to lungs and back (from the heart).
- Systemic Sustem: - vessels that take blood from the rest of the body and back (from the heart).
What are the properties of the singular circulatory system?
- Blood passes through the heart only once in one complete circuit of the body.
- Fish have this system.
What happens once the blood leaves the heart?
It starts to lose preassure. As the blood loses preassure in the lungs, it goes back to the heart to be pumped again so that the preassure increases once more so that the blood can reach the whole body.
What are the benefits of double circulation?
It increases the preassure of the blood which:
* Is more efficient for getting energy for cells quickly for rspiration,
What are the heart chambers?
- 2 upper - atria where blood flows in.
- 2 lower - ventricles which pump blood out
What is the defenition of the septum?
A structure by which the left and right side of the heart are divided.
What are the two upper heart chambers called?
- The left atrium
- The right atrium
How does the left side of the heart recieve blood?
- The left atrium (relaxed) recieves oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vein which comes from the lungs
- Then, blood passes down into the ventricles as the atrium conracts.
- Strong muscles in the walls of ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart.
How does the right side of the heart recieve blood?
- The right side of the atrium recieve deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body through the venae cavae.
- Then, blood passes down into the ventricles.
- Strong muscles in the walls of ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart.
How does blood leave the right side of the heart?
Pulmonary artery: carries deoxygenated blood from the right venricle to the lungs.
How does blood leave the left side of the heart?
Aoorta: Largest artery in the body. Recieves oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and pumps it to the rest of the body.
What percent of cells in the human body are red cells?
Aproximately 84% (20 - 30 trillion blood cells)
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To deliver oxygen to every tissue in the body.
How long does a
the circulation of a red blood cell take?
About 1 minute
What shape do red blood cells have?
a biconcave shape (have a dip).
How long do red blood cells live?
They live up to120 days, than they get recycled.
What valeves are in the heart?
- Atroventricular valves
- Semi-lunar valves
How do valves work?
They have ligaments which pull them open and closed.
What are atroventricular valves?
The valves between the atrium and ventricle in the heart. They allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricle but not the other way.
What are semi-lunar valves?
They are close to the entrance of the aorta and pulmonary artery. They prevent backflow of blood from the arteries back into the ventricles.
What do valves do?
They prevent the backflow of blood.
How does the thickness vary in the chambers of the heart?
The ventricles have much thicker, more muscular walls becausethe ventricles have to pump blood out of the heart.
The left ventricle is also bigger, thivker and has a higher preassure because:
* right side pumps to lungs (closer)
* Left side pumps to rest of body (more space)
What are coronary arteries?
Vessels that supply blood to the heart muscles.
Where are coronary arteries located?
On the outside of the heart (surface)
Why does the heart need coronary arteries?
To have a constant supply of nutrients and oxygen to continue pumping blood.