Chapter #11 - Respiration & Gas Exchange Flashcards
What id the defenition of aerobic respiration?
A chemical reaction that takes place in the mitochondria, which uses O2 to break down glucose and other nutrients to release energy for the cell to use.
What ways does the human body use energy?
- Contracting muscles - to move parts of the body.
- Making proteins molecules - to move parts of the body.
- Cell division - repair damaged tissue & to grow.
- Active transport - move substances through membrane (up the concentration gradient).
- Growth - building new cells which can divide to form new cells.
- Producing heat.
What is the symbol and word formula for aerobic respiration?
What is the defenition of anaerobic respiration?
A chemical reaction in cells that break down glucose to release energy without using oxygen.
What is the anaerobic respiration symbol and word equation for yeast?
Which type of respiration is is most efficient (aerobic or anaerobic) and why?
Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration because it releases more energy.
Where does aerobic respiration tale place?
In the mitochondria in cells.
Where does anarerobic respiration take place?
It takes place in the cytoplasm, not the mitochondria.
Can plants respire anaerobically?
Plants can also respire anaerobically, but only for short periods of time. Like yeast, this produces CO2.
Can cells in the human body respire anaerobically?
Yes
What cells in the human body respire anaerobically?
Muscle cells, however the equation is differently.
What is the anaerobic respiration in humans word equation?
When does anaerobic respiration happen in humans?
Happens with intense excersise when your heart and lungs cannot supply oxygen to muscles fast enough .
Why does anerobic respiration take place in humans?
Will take place to keep cells going until oxygen is available again.
What does lactic acid cause?
Build up of lactic acid causes muscle soreness and fatigue (in the moment).
What is important about anaerobic respiration in humans?
Does not use oxygen.
Where do animals and plants get oxygen from?
From there surroundings:
* Terrestial = from the air
* Aquatic = from the oxygen dissolved in water
What is the defenition of gas exchange surfaces?
A part of the body where gas exchange between the body and the enviornment takes place.
What must gas exchange surfaces be?
- Permeable - for O2 and CO2 to move easily through.
- Thin, to allow gases to diffuse across quickly.
- Close to an efficient transport system, to take gases to and from body.
- Have a large suraface area, so a lot of gas can diffuse quickly.
- Have a good supply of O2.
What are the steps of gas exchange and where it goes in the body?
- Air enters body through nose & mouth.
- Air passes through trachea (windpipe)
- Air enters the thorax (upper part of your body between neck and diaphragm).
- Air enters the alveoli
How does the mouth and nose contribute to gas exchange?
- Inside the nose: thin layer of bones + skin.
- Goblet cells produce liquid made of water and mucus.
- This moistens & traps dust (with help from cilia cells (which are always moving and trap bacteria + dust.
How does air pass through the trachea?
- As you breathe in and out, pressure inside the trachea changes.
- It has rings of cartilage to make sure it does not collaps.
What does the larynx do?
The larynx (voice box) has muscles that tighten to make sounds as air passes over them.
Where is the thorax?
Upper part of your body between the neck and diaphragm.
