Chapter #10 - Disease and Immunity Flashcards
What is the definition of pathogens?
Disease causing microbes. (Not ALL microbes are pathogens e.g. on skin, mouth etc..)
What are 4 types of pathogens?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Protoctists
- Fungi
What are eamples of viruses?
Influenza, Common cold, Poliomyelitis, COVID 19, AIDS
What are some examples of bacteria pathogens?
Cholera, Syphilis, Whooping cough, Tuberculosis, Tetanus.
What are some examples of Protoctist pathogens?
Maleria, Amoebic dysentry
What are examples of fungi pathogens?
Athlete’s foot, Ringworm
What is the defenition of a host?
The organism that the pathogen lives and reproduces with.
What is the defenition of an infection?
The entry of a pathogen into the body
e.g. air, cuts, water
What is the defenition of a transmissible disease?
Diseases caused by pathogens that can be passed from one host to another (infectous, contagious)
How do pathogens damge our bodies?
- Using up recources
- Producing waste products called toxins which cause symptoms.
- Some toxins are highly poisonous.
What is the definition of a direct contact pathogen?
Direct contact from an infrcted person to an uninfected person.
What are 2 examples of dirct contact pathogens?
- The virus the causes AIDS, called HIV is passed through contact of blood.
- The fungus that causes athetes’s foot can be passed on by sharing a towel.
What are four examples of indirect transmission?
- Breathing droplets containing pathogens. (COVID 19, cold, influenza)
- Touching a surface that somebody with a pathogen has touched. (salmonella, food poisoning)
- Eating food/water that contains pathogens. (bacterium that causes cholera)
- Contact with animals carrying pathogens. (rabies)
What are body defences?
- Skin
- Hairs in nose
- HCl
- Smell and taste
- Mucus
How is skin a body defence?
Prevents pathogens from enetring body, if skin is broken, blood clot will form to seal wound and stop pathogen getting in.
How are nose hairs a body defence?
Help to filter out particles from air, which could contain pathogens.
How is HCl a body defence?
The stomach contains HCl which kills lots of bacteria from the food.
How is smell and taste a body defence?
If we smell or taste food that is bad we don’t want to eat it (makes us sick).
How is mucus a body defence?
Mucus in the airways traps bacteria, tha they are swept up to the back of the throat and swallowed, rather than going to the lungs.
How does tha body deal with pathogens that get past body defences?
They are destroyed by white blood cells which are triggerd by the antigens on pathogens.
What are the ways to prevent the transmission of pathogens?
- Clean water
- Food hygine
- Personal hygien
- Waste disposal
- Sewage treatment
What water do we use? How is it safe?
- We use water that has been cleaned + made safe to drink
- Before it arrives at our houses it is filtered to remove dirt and treated chlorine to kill microbes.
Is it ok to drink dirty water?
Dirty water may contain pathogens, and some can be very dangerous.
What are the concequences of eatinf dirty food?
The most common is food poisoning, caused bu bacteria.
What are the ways we can ensure food hygeine?
- Keep our microbes away
- Keep animals away
- Keep animals away
- Keep raw meat away
At what temp. do most bacteria grow?
10 celcius, 48 celcius