Chapter #8 - Transport In Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the defenition of xylem?

A

A plant tissue made of dead empty cells, joined end to end with no walls between them (in the shape of a tube).

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2
Q

Wheare are xylem cell located?

A

They run from roots through the stem and into every leaf.

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3
Q

What are the purposes of xylem?

A
  • Transport water and mineral ions for photosynthesis)
  • Helps support the plants
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4
Q

How do xylem help support plants?

A
  • They have ligin
  • Because of the preassure the water provides aginst the xylem walls which keeps the stem from wilting (blown up balloon)
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5
Q

Draw a diagram of the transverse section of the root.

A
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6
Q

Draw a diagram of the transverse section of a stem.

A
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7
Q

What is the defenition of vascular bundles?

A

Colections of xylem tubes and phloem vessels running side by side, which form the veins of a leaf.

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8
Q

What are the cell walls of xylem made of?

A

The cells walls of xylem are made of cellulose AND lignin

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9
Q

What does lignin help the plant with?

A
  • Lignin keeps vessels open to allow constant flow.
  • In leaves, lignin helps keep leaves flat and open to absorb sunlight.
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10
Q

What is the defenition of lignin?

A

A hard, strong, watreproof substance that forms the walls of xylem vessels.

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11
Q

What are the two thing xylem must be to work?

A
  • Narrow enough to keep column of water unbroken (no bubbles).
  • Wide enough to allow plenty of water to flow through.
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12
Q

What is the defenition of phloem?

A

A plant tissue made up of cells joined end to end; it transports substances made by the plant, such as sucrose and amino acids.

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13
Q

What does the phloem do?

A

It transports substances made by the plant like sucrose and amino acids “food”,

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14
Q

How do the substances go through the cell walls of the phloem?

A

Diffusion or active transport

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15
Q

What are the three main parts of the root?

A
  • The root cap
  • The epidermis
  • The root hair cells
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16
Q

What do root caps do?

A

Protect the root as it grows (no root hair cells at this part of the root).

17
Q

What is are epidermis cells and where are they located?

A

They are cells which cover the whole root (except the root cap). The root hair cells are formed from some of the epidermis cells.

18
Q

What are root hsir cells made of?

A

The root hair cells are formed from some of the epidermis cells.

19
Q

What is the function of root hair cells?

A

Absorb water and mineral ions from soil.

20
Q

How does water move into root hair cells?

A

Water moves through osmosis. The cytoplasm and root hair cell is concentrated to adapt for this, so the water moves down the gradient.

21
Q

What are the parts of the root?

A
  • Root cap
  • The epidermis (covering)
  • Root hair cells (no epidermis)
22
Q

What does the root cap do?

A

It protects the root as it grows and has no root hair cells.

23
Q

What is the function of root hair cells?

A

Amsorb water and mineral ions from soil.

24
Q

How does water get into the plant?

A
  • Water moves through osmosis. The cytoplasm and sap inside the root hair cells concentrated to adapt for this, so water moves down the gradient.
25
Q

What are the adaptions of root hair cells.

A
  • By having a concentrated cytoplasm.
  • Large surface area
  • Do not live very long (get damaged and replaced quickley)
26
Q

What is the process by which water passes through the plant.

A
  1. Water enters root hair cells by osmosis.
  2. Water passes across root, from cell to cell, by osmosis, it also seeps through cells.
  3. Water is drawn up the xylem vessels, because transpiration is constantly moving water from the top of them. (reducing the preassure)
27
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The loss of water vapour from leaves.

28
Q

What causes water to constantley move up th xylem?

A

By transpiration pull, which is caused by the loss of water vapour through transpiration, which cause there to be a lower preassure at the top of the system.

29
Q

What is a potometer?

A

An instrument for measuring the volume of water a plant loses through tarnspiration.

30
Q

How does a potometer look (in general)?

A
31
Q

What conditions affect transpiration?

A
  • Temperature
  • Wind
  • Humidity
32
Q

How does a higer temp. affect the rateof transperation?

A

Greater kinetic energy of particles which makes the water evaporate more quickly.

33
Q

How does a stronger wind affects transpiration?

A

water vapour is quickly moved away from leaf. This leaves a constant diffusion gradient, because there is less outside the leaf than ina the air spaces inside the leaf.

34
Q

How does increasing the humidity affect the rate of transpiration?

A

It decreases transpiration becausethere is not much of a diffusion gradient for the water between the air spaces inside the leaf and the wet air outside (The concentration of water molecules between the air outside and the air spaces in the leaf are closer together that they would be in a dry enviornment). The gradient of water vapourcould even be
higher outside the leaf (inversly proportional). The leaf might even have water going in.

35
Q

What happens if the rate of transpiration id higher than than the volum of water it can take in?

A

The plant will wilt.

36
Q

What is translocation?

A

The movement of sucrose and amino acids in the phloem from sources and sinks.

37
Q

What is a source?

A

Part of plant that releases sucrose/amino acids to the rest of the plant, usually the leaves.

38
Q

What is a sink?

A

The part of the plant that uses or stores sucrose/amino acids.