Chapter 9 - The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

Question 1

_____ are the most abundant type of glial cells.

Answer 1

Astrocytes

Question 2

Glial cells make up _____% of the CNS.

Answer 2

75-90

Question 3

outermost layer of the meninges

Answer 3

dura mater

Question 4

layer of the meninges that is closest to the brain

Answer 4

pia mater

Question 5

Blood that collects between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater forms a _____.

Answer 5

subdural hematoma

Question 6

The space between the _____ and arachnoid mater is called the subarachnoid space.

Answer 6

pia mater

Question 7

The subarachnoid space is filled with _____.

Answer 7

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 8

long thin cylindrical cavity that runs the length of the spinal cord

Answer 8

central canal

Question 9

The CNS contains very little _____ and gets _____ directly from the blood.

Answer 9

glycogen; glucose

Question 10

The function of the _____ is synthesis of CSF.

Answer 10

choroid plexus

Question 11

The choroid plexus consists of _____ mater, capillaries, and _____ cells.

Answer 11

pia; ependymal

Question 12

total volume of CSF

Answer 12

125-150 mL

Question 13

How many times per day is CSF recycled?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

The choroid plexus produces _____ mL of CSF per day.

Answer 14

400-500

Question 15

satiety hormone

Answer 15

insulin

Question 16

sensory regions

Answer 16

dermatomes

Question 17

Cell bodies of efferent neurons are located in _____.

Answer 17

the spinal cord

Question 18

Cell bodies of afferent neurons are located in _____.

Answer 18

dorsal root ganglia

Question 19

origin of efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

lateral horns

Question 20

bundles of efferent axons

Answer 20

ventral roots

Question 21

bundles of afferent axons

Answer 21

dorsal roots

Question 22

peripheral nerves that emanate directly from the brain rather than the spinal cord

Answer 22

cranial nerves

Question 23

caudalmost part of the brain

Answer 23

brainstem

Question 24

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 24

31

Question 25

“little brain”

Answer 25

cerebellum

Question 26

grooves of the cerebral cortex

Answer 26

sulci

Question 27

ridges of the cerebral cortex

Answer 27

gyri

Question 28

Which two lobes of the brain are separated by the central sulcus?

Answer 28

frontal lobe and parietal lobe

Question 29

The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal lobe by a deep groove called the _____.

Answer 29

lateral sulcus

Question 30

area of the brain responsible for speech formation

Answer 30

Broca’s area

Question 31

area of the brain responsible for language comprehension

Answer 31

Wernicke’s area

Question 32

relay center of the brain (except for stimuli related to sense of smell)

Answer 32

thalamus

Question 33

part of the brain responsible for directing attention

Answer 33

thalamus

Question 34

regulates homeostasis

Answer 34

hypothalamus

Question 35

The _____ is the link between the endocrine and nervous systems.

Answer 35

hypothalamus

Question 36

Steps of a Reflex Arc

Answer 36

1. Sensory receptor
2. Afferent neuron
3. Integration center (CNS)
4. Efferent neuron(s)
5. Effector organ (muscle, gland)

Question 37

The _____ is the only known monosynaptic reflex in the human body.

Answer 37

stretch reflex

Question 38

The crossed-extensor reflex is initiated at the same time as the _____.

Answer 38

withdrawal reflex

Question 39

automatic, patterned response to a sensory stimulus

Answer 39

reflex