Chapter 20 - The Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Innermost layer of the mucosa
Mucous membrane
Middle layer of the mucosa
Lamina propria
outer layer of smooth muscle of the mucosa
muscularis mucosae
What are the four layers found in most of the GI tract?
- The mucosa
- The submucosa
- The muscularis externa
- The serosa
What type of tissue makes up the lamina propria?
Connective tissue
Which layer of the mucosa contracts it into folds?
muscularis mucosae
Which layer of the GI tract wall is responsible for providing the GI tract with its distensibility and elasticity?
The submucosa
Which layer of the GI tract wall controls the motility of the GI tract?
the muscularis externa
What are the two nerve plexuses that make up the enteric nervous system?
Submucosa plexus and myenteric plexus
What is the outer layer of the serosa called?
Mesothelium
a system of clear, thin membranes that interconnects most of the abdominal organs and houses nerves and blood vessels running to them
mesenteries
The _____ help to anchor the gastrointestinal organs in place.
mesentaries
The mesenteries are continuous with the _____, a membrane lining the inside of the abdominal cavity.
peritoneum
What is the primary function of the esophagus?
to conduct food from the pharynx to the stomach
a ring of muscle that surrounds an orifice and regulates the passage of material through it by altering its diameter
sphincter
glands in the lining of the stomach
gastric glands
mixture of pulverized food and gastric juice
chyme
domed upper portion of the stomach
fundus
middle region of the stomach
body
lower region of the stomach
antrum
narrow passage between the stomach and small intestine
pylorus
Neck cells secrete _____.
mucus
Chief cells secrete _____.
pepsinogen
Parietal cells secrete _____.
hydrogen ions and intrinsic factor
G cells secrete _____.
gastrin
necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12
intrinsic factor
surface covering of mucus and bicarbonate that protects the stomach lining from acid and pepsin
gastric mucosal barrier
