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Physiology > Chapter 18 - The Urinary System: Renal Function > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - The Urinary System: Renal Function Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys regulate _____ by regulating water volume _____.

A

MAP; within plasma

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2
Q

How much cardiac output do kidneys use during rest?

A

20%

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3
Q

How much of the body’s total ATP usage goes to the kidneys?

A

16%

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4
Q

outer layer of kidney

A

cortex

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5
Q

inner region of kidney

A

medulla

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6
Q

Where do the renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidneys?

A

renal hilus

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7
Q

Where do the renal veins drain?

A

into the vena cava

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8
Q

epithelial cells that cover glomerular capillaries

A

podocytes

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9
Q

gaps between podocytes

A

slit pores

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10
Q

What are the layers of the glomerular membrane?

A

capillary endothelial cell layer
epithelial cell layer
basement membrane between other layers

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11
Q

movement of filtered solutes and water from lumen of the tubules back into the plasma

A

reabsorption

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12
Q

the plasma concentration of solute at which the transport maximum is exceeded and excess solute appears in the urine

A

renal threshold

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13
Q

The proximal tubule functions as a _____.

A

mass absorber

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14
Q

microvilli of the proximal tubule

A

brush border

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15
Q

micturition

A

urination

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16
Q

the rate at which a solute is excreted

A

clearance

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17
Q

smooth muscle fibers of the bladder

A

detrusor muscle

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18
Q

The detrusor muscle is under _____ control.

A

autonomic

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19
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is under _____ control.

A

autonomic

20
Q

The external urethral sphincter is under _____ control.

A

voluntary

21
Q

innervates detrusor muscle

A

parasympathetic neurons

22
Q

innervates internal urethral sphincter

A

sympathetic neurons

23
Q

innervates muscles of the external urethral sphincter

A

somatic motor neurons

24
Q

transport urine from kidneys to bladder

A

ureters

25
Q

excrete urine from bladder to outside of body

A

urethra

26
Q

located behind peritoneal membrane

A

retroperitoneal

27
Q

functional unit of the kidneys

A

nephron

28
Q

Blood is filtered in the _____.

A

renal corpuscle

29
Q

capillary network for filtration

A

golmerulus

30
Q

Where are nephrons located?

A

in the renal pyramids

31
Q

Which part of the nephron dips into the renal medulla?

A

loop of Henle

32
Q

The proximal tubule empties into the _____.

A

loop of Henle

33
Q

Which nephrons create the osmotic gradient?

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

34
Q

80-85% of nephrons are _____ nephrons.

A

cortical

35
Q

Which nephron has a short loop of Henle?

A

cortical

36
Q

cells that contain renin

A

granular cells

37
Q

The _____ regulates blood volume and blood pressure.

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

38
Q

List the arteries from largest to smallest.

A
  1. Renal artery
  2. Segmental artery
  3. Interlobar artery
  4. Arcuate artery
  5. Interlobular artery
39
Q

Which exchange takes place from the tubules to the peritubular capillaries?

A

reabsorption

40
Q

Which exchange takes place from the peritubular capillaries to the tubules?

A

secretion

41
Q

Glomerular filtration takes place from ____ to _____.

A

the glomerulus; Bowman’s capsule

42
Q

Starling forces favoring filtration

A

glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Bowman’s capsule oncotic pressure

43
Q

Starling forces opposing filtration

A

Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

Glomerular oncotic pressure

44
Q

_____ is a measure of kidney efficiency.

A

Filtration fraction

45
Q

quantity of a particular solute that is filtered per unit of time

A

glomerular filtration

46
Q

Most solute reabsorption occurs in the _____.

A

proximal convoluted tubules

Physiology (17 decks)

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