Chapter 18 - The Urinary System: Renal Function Flashcards
Kidneys regulate _____ by regulating water volume _____.
MAP; within plasma
How much cardiac output do kidneys use during rest?
20%
How much of the body’s total ATP usage goes to the kidneys?
16%
outer layer of kidney
cortex
inner region of kidney
medulla
Where do the renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidneys?
renal hilus
Where do the renal veins drain?
into the vena cava
epithelial cells that cover glomerular capillaries
podocytes
gaps between podocytes
slit pores
What are the layers of the glomerular membrane?
capillary endothelial cell layer
epithelial cell layer
basement membrane between other layers
movement of filtered solutes and water from lumen of the tubules back into the plasma
reabsorption
the plasma concentration of solute at which the transport maximum is exceeded and excess solute appears in the urine
renal threshold
The proximal tubule functions as a _____.
mass absorber
microvilli of the proximal tubule
brush border
micturition
urination
the rate at which a solute is excreted
clearance
smooth muscle fibers of the bladder
detrusor muscle
The detrusor muscle is under _____ control.
autonomic
The internal urethral sphincter is under _____ control.
autonomic
The external urethral sphincter is under _____ control.
voluntary
innervates detrusor muscle
parasympathetic neurons
innervates internal urethral sphincter
sympathetic neurons
innervates muscles of the external urethral sphincter
somatic motor neurons
transport urine from kidneys to bladder
ureters
excrete urine from bladder to outside of body
urethra
located behind peritoneal membrane
retroperitoneal
functional unit of the kidneys
nephron
Blood is filtered in the _____.
renal corpuscle
capillary network for filtration
golmerulus
Where are nephrons located?
in the renal pyramids
Which part of the nephron dips into the renal medulla?
loop of Henle
The proximal tubule empties into the _____.
loop of Henle
Which nephrons create the osmotic gradient?
juxtamedullary nephrons
80-85% of nephrons are _____ nephrons.
cortical
Which nephron has a short loop of Henle?
cortical
cells that contain renin
granular cells
The _____ regulates blood volume and blood pressure.
juxtaglomerular apparatus
List the arteries from largest to smallest.
- Renal artery
- Segmental artery
- Interlobar artery
- Arcuate artery
- Interlobular artery
Which exchange takes place from the tubules to the peritubular capillaries?
reabsorption
Which exchange takes place from the peritubular capillaries to the tubules?
secretion
Glomerular filtration takes place from ____ to _____.
the glomerulus; Bowman’s capsule
Starling forces favoring filtration
glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
Bowman’s capsule oncotic pressure
Starling forces opposing filtration
Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure
Glomerular oncotic pressure
_____ is a measure of kidney efficiency.
Filtration fraction
quantity of a particular solute that is filtered per unit of time
glomerular filtration
Most solute reabsorption occurs in the _____.
proximal convoluted tubules
