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Physiology > Chapter 14 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, & Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, & Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

the rate at which the heart pumps blood into the vasculature

A

cardiac output

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2
Q

air flowing out of a balloon or blood flowing through vessels

A

bulk flow

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3
Q

CVP

A

central venous pressure

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4
Q

Blood flow is greater when _____ is lower.

A

resistance

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5
Q

measure of the degree to which the tube hinders flow of liquid through it

A

resistance

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6
Q

decrease in vessel radius

A

vasoconstriction

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7
Q

increase in vessel radius

A

vasodilation

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8
Q

What are the three things that determine resistance?

A
  1. vessel radius
  2. vessel length
  3. blood viscosity
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9
Q

flow rule for systemic circuit

A

CO = MAP/TPR

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10
Q

Flow = _____

A

pressure gradient/resistance

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11
Q

TPR

A

total peripheral resistance

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12
Q

combined resistance of all the blood vessels within the systemic circuit

A

TPR (total peripheral resistance)

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13
Q

Which blood vessels are part of the microcirculation?

A

arterioles, capillaries, and venules

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14
Q

lining of the lumen of a blood vessel

A

endothelium

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15
Q

gives tensile strength to walls of blood vessels

A

collagen

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16
Q

As arteries get smaller, _____ decreases and _____ increases.

A

elastic tissue; smooth muscle

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16
Q

As arteries get smaller, _____ decreases and _____ increases.

A

elastic tissue; smooth muscle

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17
Q

internal diameter of aorta

A

12.5 mm

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18
Q

wall thickness of aorta

A

2 mm

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19
Q

arterial blood pressure

A

pressure in the aorta

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20
Q

pulse pressure (PP) = _____

A

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

21
Q

_____ is the average arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle.

A

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

22
Q

Resistance to blood flow can be regulated in the _____.

A

arterioles

23
Q

passageway for blood to enter capillaries

A

arterioles

24
Q

a condition in which blood flow in a tissue is insufficient to keep up with metabolic demand

A

ischemia

25
Q

Blood flow gets distributed to organs based on _____.

A

need

26
Q

Intrinsic control mechanisms are especially important in regulating blood flow to _____.

A

heart, brain, and skeletal muscles

27
Q

_____ are the primary site for exchange of nutrients & waste products.

A

Capillaries

28
Q

least permeable of capillaries

A

continuous capillaries

29
Q

_____ capillaries have no basement membrane.

A

Discontinuous

30
Q

capillary type found in kidneys, intestines, and endocrine glands

A

fenstrated

31
Q

capillary type found in spleen, liver, and bone marrow

A

discontinuous

32
Q

allow blood to flow from arteriole directly to venule, bypassing capillaries

A

metarterioles or shunts

33
Q

When resistance is high, flow through capillary beds (increases/decreases).

A

increases

34
Q

NFP

A

net filtration pressure

35
Q

filtration

A

blood —> interstitial fluid (arteriole end)

36
Q

absorption

A

interstitial fluid —> blood (venule end)

37
Q

swelling of tissues caused by a shift in fluid from plasma to interstitial fluid

A

edema

38
Q

osmotic pressure that is exerted by proteins

A

colloid osmotic pressure

39
Q

the difference in the filtration pressures and the absorption pressures

A

net filtration pressure

40
Q

Venules consist of a single layer of _____.

A

endothelium

41
Q

Blood pressure in veins is slightly _____ than in arteries.

A

lower

42
Q

diameter of vena cava

A

30 mm

43
Q

wall thickness of vena cava

A

1.5 mm

44
Q

Veins are _____ reservoirs.

A

volume

45
Q

Veins have (high/low) compliance.

A

high

46
Q

_____ have one-way valves that permit blood to flow toward the heart, but prevent it from flowing back toward organs and tissues.

A

Peripheral veins

47
Q

Factors that Affect Venous Pressure

A
  1. skeletal muscle pump
  2. respiratory pump
  3. blood volume
  4. venomotor tone
48
Q

accumulation of blood in the veins

A

venous pooling

49
Q

hypertension

A

elevated MAP

Physiology (17 decks)

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