Chapter 6 - The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands & Hormone Actions

Question 1

What kind of tissue makes up the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

Answer 1

neural tissue

Question 2

What kind of tissue makes up endocrine glands?

Answer 2

epithelial

Question 3

Name the secondary endocrine glands.

Answer 3

1. heart
2. liver
3. stomach
4. small intestine
5. kidney
6. skin

Question 4

What kind of tissue makes up the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

Answer 4

epithelial

Question 5

What is another name for the pituitary?

Answer 5

hypophysis

Question 6

neurohormones

Answer 6

hormones secreted by neurons instead of endocrine glands

Question 7

Which lobe of the pituitary acts more like a typical endocrine gland?

Answer 7

anterior

Question 8

Which lobe of the pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus?

Answer 8

anterior lobe

Question 9

PTH

Answer 9

parathyroid hormone; parathyroid; increases blood calcium levels

Question 10

calcitonin

Answer 10

thyroid; decreases blood calcium levels

Question 11

melatonin

Answer 11

pineal gland; enhances immune function and exerts suppressive effect on reproductive function

Question 12

T3/T4

Answer 12

thyroid; growth and development/metabolic rate

Question 13

thymosin

Answer 13

thymus; thought to regulate T cell function

Question 14

What is another name for the adrenal glands?

Answer 14

suprarenal glands

Question 15

What is the outer layer of the adrenal glands called?

Answer 15

cortex

Question 16

Which part of the adrenal gland contains chromaffin cells?

Answer 16

medulla

Question 17

Which part of the adrenal gland is made up of epithelial tissue?

Answer 17

cortex

Question 18

Which part of the adrenal glands secretes catecholamines?

Answer 18

medulla

Question 19

Name the catecholamines.

Answer 19

1. epinephrine
2. norepinephrine
3. dopamine

Question 20

Which part of the adrenal glands secretes adrenocorticoids?

Answer 20

cortex

Question 21

Which gland functions as both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

Answer 21

pancreas

Question 22

What are the cell clusters that make up the endocrine pancreas called?

Answer 22

islets of Langerhans

Question 23

The islets of Langerhans are the source of which two hormones?

Answer 23

insulin and glucagon

Question 24

Which hormone is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas?

Answer 24

insulin

Question 25

insulin

Answer 25

pancreas; decreases blood glucose levels

Question 26

glucagon

Answer 26

pancreas; increases blood glucose levels

Question 27

PRH

Answer 27

prolactin releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates anterior pituitary to release prolactin

Question 28

PIH

Answer 28

prolactin inhibiting hormone; hypothalamus; inhibits release of prolactin

Question 29

What is another name for prolactin inhibiting hormone?

Answer 29

dopamine

Question 30

TRH

Answer 30

thyrotropin releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates the release of TSH

Question 31

What is another name for dopamine?

Answer 31

PIH (prolactin inhibiting hormone)

Question 32

TSH

Answer 32

thyroid stimulating hormone; anterior pituitary; stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

Question 33

CRH

Answer 33

corticotropin releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates release of ACTH

Question 34

ACTH

Answer 34

adrenocorticotropic hormone; anterior pituitary

Question 35

ACTH stimulates the secretion of which three types of hormones?

Answer 35

1. glucocorticoids
2. mineralocorticoids
3. gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)

Question 36

Which hormone regulates metabolism when the body is stressed?

Answer 36

cortisol

Question 37

GHRH

Answer 37

growth hormone releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates secretion of growth hormone

Question 38

GH

Answer 38

growth hormone; anterior pituitary; regulates growth and energy metabolism; stimulates secretion of IGFs

Question 39

IGF

Answer 39

insulin-like growth factors; liver

Question 40

GHIH

Answer 40

growth hormone inhibiting hormone; hypothalamus; inhibits secretion of growth hormone (which then decreases IGF)

Question 41

GnRH

Answer 41

gonadotropin releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates release of gonadotropins, FSH, and LH

Question 42

Which hormone stimulates ovulation in females?

Answer 42

luteinizing hormone

Question 43

LH

Answer 43

luteinizing hormone; anterior pituitary

Question 44

Which hormone promotes the development of egg cells in females and sperm cells in males?

Answer 44

FSH

Question 45

FSH

Answer 45

follicle stimulating hormone; anterior pituitary

Question 46

prolactin

Answer 46

anterior pituitary; stimulates mammary gland development and milk secretion

Question 47

Carrier proteins _____ (increase/decrease) the half-life of hormones, which ensures that they are present in the blood for a _____ (shorter/longer) period, by _____ (increasing/decreasing) the rate of the hormones’ metabolism.

Answer 47

increase; longer; decreasing

Question 48

In a _____ (primary/secondary) secretion disorder, the abnormality originates in the endocrine gland that secretes the hormone.

Answer 48

primary

Question 49

In a _____ (primary/secondary) secretion disorder, the abnormality originates in the endocrine cells or either the anterior pituitary or the hypothalamus, which secrete the tropic hormone.

Answer 49

secondary

Question 50

when one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone

Answer 50

antagonism