Chapter 1 - Intro to Physiology Flashcards
Aggregate of macromolecules used to carry out a specific function in the cell
Organelles
What are the four major types of cells?
Muscle, neuron, epithelial cells, connective tissue cells
Which cell type plays a role in mobility and stability?
Muscle cells
What are the three types of muscle cells?
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Which cells transmit information in the form of electrical signals?
Neurons
What different types of stimuli do neurons respond to?
Light, touch, pain
What are the three shapes of epithelial cells?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
endo-
within
What is the epithelium that lines the blood vessels called?
endothelium
Which cells carry oxygen in the blood stream?
Erythrocytes
Which hormone regulates the synthesis of erythrocytes?
Erythropoietin
interior cavity of a hollow organ or vessel
lumen
Glands that secrete a product into a duct leading to the external environment
Exocrine glands
Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Endocrine glands
Name two examples of exocrine glands.
Sweat glands and salivary glands
What are the two most important constituents of extracellular matrix?
Elastin & collagen
TBW
total body water
ICF
intracellular fluid
ECF
extracellular fluid
Which body system does not have a role in maintaining homeostasis?
the reproductive system
homeostasis
the maintenance of relatively constant conditions in the internal environment
a type of feedback commonly employed in homeostatic regulatory systems in which the response of a system goes in a direction opposite to the change that set it in motion
negative feedback
chemoreceptors
cells that are sensitive to concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
thermoreceptors
cells that are sensitive to temperature
groups of cells, usually in the CNS or an endocrine gland, that use sensory information to determine a response response and communicate commands to effectors
integrating center
cells, tissues, or organs that respond to neural or chemical signals
effectors
cells, tissues, or organs that respond to output signals of the integrating center and bring about the final response
effectors
