Chapter 13 - The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function Flashcards
receive blood as it returns to the heart
atria
pump blood away from the heart
ventricles
conduits for blood flow
blood vessels
separates the left and right sides of the heart
septum
upper pole of heart
base
lower pole of heart
apex
system of blood vessels
vasculature
_____ gives cells their red color.
Hemoglobin
In the _____ circuit, blood becomes oxygenated.
pulmonary
In the _____ circuit, blood becomes deoxygenated.
systemic
_____ blood is bright red, and _____ blood is dark red.
Oxygenated; deoxygenated
The heart gets its blood supply from the _____.
coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that carry _____ blood.
deoxygenated
Pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry _____ blood.
oxygenated
valve between aorta and left ventricle
aortic valve
valve between pulmonary trunk and right ventricle
pulmonary valve
AV valve on the left
bicuspid valve
AV valve on the right
tricuspid valve
heart strings
chordae tindineae
the ability of the heart to generate its own rhythm
autorhythmicity
spontaneously generate action potentials & fire them off in rhythm
pacemaker cells
Where are pacemaker cells found?
mostly in the SA node and the AV node
Ventricular contraction begins at _____ and spreads upward.
the apex
slow depolarizations that lead up to each action potential
pacemaker potentials
What are the most important permeability changes in cardiac muscle?
sodium, potassium, calcium
estimate of time of conduction through AV node
P-Q/P-R interval
estimate of time ventricles are contracting
QT interval
estimate of time ventricles are relaxing
T-Q segment
all events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during one heartbeat
cardiac cycle
ventricular contraction
systole
ventricular relaxation
diastole
aortic pressure reaches minimum
diastolic pressure
aortic pressure reaches maximum
systolic pressure
represents average aortic pressure
MAP
represents maximum ventricular volume
end-diastolic volume
represents minimum ventricular volume
end-systolic volume
autoregulation
intrinsic control
SV = _____
EDV - ESV
average blood volume
5.5 liters
average cardiac output
5 liters/min @ rest
volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute
cardiac output
Heart rate is determined by the _____.
SA node firing frequency
At rest, the _____ system dominates heart rate.
parasympathetic
During excitement, the _____ system takes over and increases heart rate.
sympathetic
What are the primary factors affecting stroke volume?
- Ventricular contractility
- End-diastolic volume
- Afterload
The first heart sound occurs when the atrioventricular valves close; thus, it marks _____.
the beginning of systole and and the beginning of isovolumetric contraction
Sympathetic and parasympathetic input to the SA node influences _____.
ventricular filling time
The second heart sound occurs when the semilunar valves close; thus it marks _____.
the end of the ejection period
_____ occurs immediately after diastole.
Isovolumetric contraction
