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Physiology > Chapter 13 - The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function Flashcards

1
Q

receive blood as it returns to the heart

A

atria

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2
Q

pump blood away from the heart

A

ventricles

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3
Q

conduits for blood flow

A

blood vessels

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4
Q

separates the left and right sides of the heart

A

septum

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5
Q

upper pole of heart

A

base

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6
Q

lower pole of heart

A

apex

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7
Q

system of blood vessels

A

vasculature

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8
Q

_____ gives cells their red color.

A

Hemoglobin

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9
Q

In the _____ circuit, blood becomes oxygenated.

A

pulmonary

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10
Q

In the _____ circuit, blood becomes deoxygenated.

A

systemic

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11
Q

_____ blood is bright red, and _____ blood is dark red.

A

Oxygenated; deoxygenated

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12
Q

The heart gets its blood supply from the _____.

A

coronary arteries

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13
Q

Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that carry _____ blood.

A

deoxygenated

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14
Q

Pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry _____ blood.

A

oxygenated

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15
Q

valve between aorta and left ventricle

A

aortic valve

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16
Q

valve between pulmonary trunk and right ventricle

A

pulmonary valve

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17
Q

AV valve on the left

A

bicuspid valve

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18
Q

AV valve on the right

A

tricuspid valve

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19
Q

heart strings

A

chordae tindineae

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20
Q

the ability of the heart to generate its own rhythm

A

autorhythmicity

21
Q

spontaneously generate action potentials & fire them off in rhythm

A

pacemaker cells

22
Q

Where are pacemaker cells found?

A

mostly in the SA node and the AV node

23
Q

Ventricular contraction begins at _____ and spreads upward.

A

the apex

24
Q

slow depolarizations that lead up to each action potential

A

pacemaker potentials

25
Q

What are the most important permeability changes in cardiac muscle?

A

sodium, potassium, calcium

26
Q

estimate of time of conduction through AV node

A

P-Q/P-R interval

27
Q

estimate of time ventricles are contracting

A

QT interval

28
Q

estimate of time ventricles are relaxing

A

T-Q segment

29
Q

all events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during one heartbeat

A

cardiac cycle

30
Q

ventricular contraction

A

systole

31
Q

ventricular relaxation

A

diastole

32
Q

aortic pressure reaches minimum

A

diastolic pressure

33
Q

aortic pressure reaches maximum

A

systolic pressure

34
Q

represents average aortic pressure

A

MAP

35
Q

represents maximum ventricular volume

A

end-diastolic volume

36
Q

represents minimum ventricular volume

A

end-systolic volume

37
Q

autoregulation

A

intrinsic control

38
Q

SV = _____

A

EDV - ESV

39
Q

average blood volume

A

5.5 liters

40
Q

average cardiac output

A

5 liters/min @ rest

41
Q

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

A

cardiac output

42
Q

Heart rate is determined by the _____.

A

SA node firing frequency

43
Q

At rest, the _____ system dominates heart rate.

A

parasympathetic

44
Q

During excitement, the _____ system takes over and increases heart rate.

A

sympathetic

45
Q

What are the primary factors affecting stroke volume?

A
  1. Ventricular contractility
  2. End-diastolic volume
  3. Afterload
46
Q

The first heart sound occurs when the atrioventricular valves close; thus, it marks _____.

A

the beginning of systole and and the beginning of isovolumetric contraction

47
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic input to the SA node influences _____.

A

ventricular filling time

48
Q

The second heart sound occurs when the semilunar valves close; thus it marks _____.

A

the end of the ejection period

49
Q

_____ occurs immediately after diastole.

A

Isovolumetric contraction

Physiology (17 decks)

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