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Physiology & Anatomy > Chapter 9 Test Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A large broad sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen, is called a/an _____.

A

Aponeurosis

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2
Q

The membrane that is the closest to the individual muscle fiber is the _____.

A

Endomysium

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3
Q

A group of skeletal muscle fibers is called a/an _____.

A

Fascicle

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4
Q

The structure that connects muscles to bones is the _____.

A

Tendon

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5
Q

The main force of contraction occurs when actin forms a chemical complex with _____.

A

Myosin

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6
Q 
When a muscle is at rest, which of the following is not associated chemically with the others?
A. Actin
B. Myosin
C. Troponin
D. Tropomyosin
A

Myosin

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7
Q

During the contraction of a sarcomere, calcium ions bind with the protein _____.

A

Troponin

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8
Q

The main neurotransmitter involved in skeletal muscle contraction is _____.

A

Acetylcholine

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9
Q

Which molecule directly supplies energy to myosin to allow the filaments to contract?

A

ATP

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10
Q

The presence of _____ allow cardiac muscle fibers to transmit impulses faster among themselves.

A

Intercalated Disks

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11
Q

The muscle is called the _____ when it is causing the movement that is being described.

A

Prime Mover (Agonist)

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12
Q

Muscles that act together to cause the same movements are called _____.

A

Synergists

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13
Q

The sternocleidomastoid muscle was named because of its _____.

A

Points of Attachment

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14
Q

The _____ muscle forms a broad flat sheet on top of the head.

A

Epicranius

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15
Q

Which muscle lines most of the inner cheek wall?

A

Buccinator

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16
Q

The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.

A

Deltoid

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17
Q

Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the mid-line?

A

Pectoralis Major

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18
Q

A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____.

A

Brachialis

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19
Q

The pronator teres inserts on the _____.

A

Radius

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20
Q 
The following belong together except which one?
A. Flexor Carpi Radialis
B. Palmaris Longus
C. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
D. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
A

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

only one that extends

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21
Q

The fibers of a muscle that are connected to the overlying skin fibers are the _____.

A

Deep Fascia

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22
Q

The muscle cells within a group such as the biceps brachii are individually called _____.

A

Fibers

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23
Q 
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A. Myofilament
B. Myosin
C. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
D. Actin
A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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24
Q

The I bands in a sarcomere are made of _____.

A

Actin

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25
Q

The _____ zone contains only myosin and is the center of a sarcomere.

A

H

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26
Q

The cisternae are enlarged portions of the _____.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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27
Q

The gap between the muscle and a nerve is the _____.

A

Myoneural Junction

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28
Q

The chemical that crosses a neuromuscular gap is _____.

A

A Neurotransmitter

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29
Q

The combination of a neuron and the muscle fiber it associates with is called a/an _____.

A

Motor Unit

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30
Q

The most abundant of the muscle proteins is _____.

A

Myosin

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31
Q

What is the most abundant storage form of energy within a muscle fiber?

A

Creatine Phosphate

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32
Q

What effect does creatine phosphokinase have on muscle activity?

A

Catalyzes the formation of creatine phosphate

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33
Q

How is excess sugar stored within muscle fibers?

A

Glycogen

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34
Q

Which main factor allows muscle to sustain contraction even during times when the blood supply is low?

A

Myoglobin

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35
Q

The reddish brown color of muscle is due to the presence of _____ molecules.

A

Myoglobin

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36
Q

Which molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt?

A

Lactate

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37
Q 
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A. White Muscle
B. Fast Contracting
C. Extensive Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
D. Relatively large supply of myoglobin
A

Relatively large supply of myoglobin

the rest are all for fast-twitch

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38
Q

About _____% of ATP energy becomes liberated as heat from muscle metabolism.

A

75%

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39
Q

The minimum stimulus needed to case a contraction is called the _____.

A

Threshold

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40
Q

A single contraction of a muscle is called a _____.

A

Twitch

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41
Q

The period of time in which a muscle will not respond to a stimulus is called the _____.

A

Refractory Period

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42
Q

The complete contraction of a muscle, without the ability to relax, is called _____.

A

Tetanic Contraction

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43
Q

The constant contraction of a percentage of fibers within a muscle is referred to as _____.

A

Tonus

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44
Q

Contractions called _____ occur whenever the forces applied to a muscle are increased, but the muscle does not appear to be moving.

A

Isometric

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45
Q

Which of the following muscles always require nerve impulses in order to contract?

A

Skeletal

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46
Q

Which type of muscle is found in the wall of blood vessels.

A

Multi-Unit Smooth

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47
Q

Since smooth muscle fibers have rhythmicity and can stimulate each other, they contract in a pattern called _____.

A

Peristalsis

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48
Q

The degeneration of muscle fibers caused by a lack of proper stimulation and usage is called _____.

A

Atrophy

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49
Q

In smooth muscle, calcium ions combine with _____ to allow the actin and myosin cross-bridges to form.

A

Calmodulin

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50
Q

Which muscle causes smiling and is attached to the corner of the lips?

A

Zygomatic

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51
Q

The _____ is the broad flat muscle on the neck, which causes frowning.

A

Platysma

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52
Q

A condition called temporomandibular syndrome can be caused by contraction of the _____.

A

Masseter

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53
Q 
The following muscles belong together except which one?
A. Masseter
B. Pterygoid
C. Temporalis
D. Digastric
A

Digastric

has 2 muscles

54
Q

The antagonist of the sternocleidomastoid is the _____.

A

Splenius Capitis

55
Q

The triangular shaped muscle on the back that rotates the shoulder is the _____.

A

Trapezius

56
Q

The _____ muscle acts to elevate the shoulders.

A

Levator Scapulae

57
Q

Adduction of the scapulae in a posterior view is mainly accomplished by the _____.

A

Rhomboideus

58
Q

The _____ will move the shoulders on a forward plane.

A

Pectoralis Minor

59
Q

An antagonist of the teres major is the _____.

A

Pectoralis Major

60
Q

The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.

A

Deltoid

61
Q

Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move toward the mid-line.

A

Pectoralis Major

62
Q

A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____.

A

Brachialis

63
Q

The pronator teres inserts on the _____.

A

Radius

64
Q 
The following belong together except which one?
A. Flexor Carpi Radialis
B. Palmaris Longus
C. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
D. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
A

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

65
Q 
Which of the following does not belong with the rest?
A. External Oblique
B. Transverses Adbominis
C. Internal Oblique
D. Rectus Abdominis
A 
Rectus Abdominis
(the rest squeeze abdomen but this one pulls pelvis towards sternum)
66
Q 
The following can be grouped together except which one?
A. Coccygeus
B. Sphincter urethrae
C. Bulbospongiosus
D. Ischiocavernosus
A

Coccygeus

the rest are anterior

67
Q

The Psoas Major is the antagonist to the _____.

A

Gluteus Maximus

68
Q

The _____ muscle attaches to a long band of tendon which runs down the lateral aspect of the leg.

A

Tensor Fascia Latae

69
Q

The _____ muscle causes one to cross the leg by adducting the thigh and flexing the lower leg.

A

Sartorius

70
Q

Which muscle runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial tibial surface near the patella?

A

Sartorius

71
Q 
Which of he following does NOT belong with the others?
A. Semimembranosus
B. Biceps Femoris
C. Sartorius
D. Semitendinosus
A

Sartorius

72
Q 
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A. Vastus Intermedius
B. Rectus Femoris
C. Vastus Medialis
D. Biceps Femoris
A

Biceps Femoris

73
Q 
The following cause dorsifextion of the foot except which one?
A. Extensor Digitorum Longus
B. Soleus
C. Tibialis Anterior
D. Peroneus Tertius
A

Soleus

74
Q 
Which of the following is attached to the calcaneus?
A. Gastrocnemius
B. Tibialis Posterior
C. Peroneus Longus
D. Peroneus Tertius
A

Gastrocnemius

75
Q

The _____ is inserted on the base of the first metatarsal.

A

Tibialis Anterior

76
Q

Spontaneous contraction of random groups of muscles is called _____.

A

Fibrillation

77
Q

A disease which results in muscle weakness because of abdominal neuromuscular junction activity is _____.

A

Myasthenia Gravis

78
Q 
Which of the following refers to a prolonged muscular spasm?
A. Mytonia
B. Paresis
C. Myalgia
D. Contracture
A

Myotonia

79
Q

The layer of connective tissue that separates the muscle tissue into small sections is called the _____.

A

Perimysium

80
Q

The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from _____.

A

One Z line to the next Z line

81
Q

The _____ are an invagination of the muscle cell’s sarcolemma.

A

Transverse (T) Tubules

82
Q

Into what does the neuron release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?

A

Synaptic Cleft

83
Q

A motor Unit is made up of _____.

A

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers is innervates

84
Q

The crossbridges involved in muscle contraction are located on the _____.

A

Myosin Myofilaments

85
Q

Which of these statements is correct regarding skeletal muscle contraction?
A. All motor units act together
B. Muscle contraction continues for long periods after nervous stimulation ceases
C. The crossbridges bind to the actin and shorten the sarcomere
D. Dystrophin is not needed to strengthen the contracting muscle cell

A

The crossbridges bind to the actin and shorten the sarcomere

86
Q

The type of muscle found in the irises of the eyes and in the blood vessels is called _____.

A

Multi-unit Smooth Muscle

87
Q

Why can cardiac muscle fibers contract for longer periods than skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Extracellular calcium partially controls the strength (and length) of contractions

88
Q

Which muscle enables you to pucker your lips for a kiss?

A

Orbicularis Oris

89
Q

The muscle that enables you to elevate and adduct your scapula is the _____.

A

Rhomboideus Major

90
Q

Which muscle is the strongest flexor of the elbow?

A

Brachialis

91
Q

The biceps femoris is one hamstring muscle located on the back of the thigh. Which muscle is another hamstring?

A

Semitendinosus

92
Q 
Which of the following does not belong with the others?
A. Multinucleated
B. Skeletal
C. Striated
D. Involuntary
A

Involuntary

93
Q 
Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group?
A. Fiber
B. Fibril
C. Filament
D. Actin
A

Actin

94
Q

Muscles that are NOT used, may degenerate or under go a process of _____.

A

Atrophy

95
Q

Muscles that act to cause similar movements are called _____.

A

Synergist

96
Q

The triangle shaped muscle which antagonizes the sternocleidomastoid is the _____.
(he said this wont be a questions put on test)

A

Trapezius

97
Q

The antagonist to the triceps brachii is the _____.

A

Brachialis

98
Q

Energy is normally not consumed during the relaxation process. T/F?

A

False

99
Q

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase acts to increase the force of a muscle contraction. T/F?

A

False

100
Q

Food poisoning from botulism can cause death from respiratory failure. T/F?

A

True

101
Q

The inability to contract, or fatigue, is primarily caused by lack of glucose and oxygen in the muscle. T/F?

A

False

its the build up of lactate and inability to oxygenate the muscle

102
Q

The liver can convert acid to glucose. T/F?

A

True

103
Q

Skeletal muscles continue to contract following death. T/F?

A

True

104
Q

Red muscles are slow contracting and are typically found in the eyelids and hands. T/F?

A

False

not found in eyelids or hands

105
Q

Recruitment is the process in which there is an increase in the number of motor units activated. T/F?

A

True

106
Q

The staircase effect refers to an increase in the strength of a muscle contraction that occurs during exercise. T/F?

A

True

107
Q

Smooth muscle are not striated and as such do not have actin and myosin filaments. T/F?

A

False

108
Q

Smooth muscle can be stimulated to contract by stretching. T/F?

A

True

109
Q

Smooth muscle fibers usually can respond faster than skeletal. T/F?

A

False

110
Q

Cardiac muscle is striated, found only in the heart, and does not rely on calcium as much as skeletal muscles do for contraction. T/F?

A

False

111
Q

The heart only contains cardiac muscle. T/F?

A

False

blood vessels smooth

112
Q

The part of the muscle that moves is referred to as its insertion. T/F?

A

True

113
Q

A muscle causing flexion is the antagonist to one that could cause extension at the same time. T/F?

A

True

114
Q

The orbicularis muscles are sphincter muscles, which cause the eyes to squint and lips compress. T/F?

A

True

115
Q

The temporalis is attached to the temporal bone and plays its greatest role in facial expression. T/F?

A

False

116
Q

The triceps brachii is an antagonist of the brachioradialis. T/F?

A

True

117
Q

The triceps has one head of origin on the humerus and two on the scapula. T/F?

A

False

118
Q

Tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the connective tissue associated with muscles. T/F?

A

True

119
Q

Treatment for compartment syndrome may involve a fasciotomy. T/F?

A

True

120
Q

The biceps brachii is located on the humerus but has no major attachments to the humerus. T/F?

A

True

121
Q

In general, the flexors of the hand and fingers are located on the posterior surface of the forearm. T/F?

A

False

122
Q

The abdominal muscles commonly insert on the linea alba. T/F?

A

True

123
Q

There are skeletal muscles attached to th penis or clitoris. T/F?

A

True

124
Q

When one is standing upright, the gluteus muscles are mainly in a state of relaxation. T/F?

A

False

125
Q

Torticollis is a condition in which the neck muscles contract involuntarily. T/F?

A

True

126
Q

The term muscle fiber is synonymous with a group of muscle cells. T/F?

A

False

127
Q

The heart muscle will still contract even if removed from the body. T/F?

A

True

128
Q

It is easier to fatigue an arm muscle than the heart muscle. T/F?

A

True

129
Q

A skeletal muscle also contains smooth muscle fibers within it. T/F?

A

True

130
Q

A nerve fiber comes in direct junction with a muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction.

A

False

131
Q

The expression “oxygen debt” refers to the lack of sufficient oxygen and lactic acid for contraction. T/F?

A

False

132
Q

Isotonic contractions occur as one pushes against the wall of a building. T/F?

A

False

Physiology & Anatomy (19 decks)

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