Chapter 9 Test Questions Flashcards
1
Q
A large broad sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen, is called a/an _____.
A
Aponeurosis
2
Q
The membrane that is the closest to the individual muscle fiber is the _____.
A
Endomysium
3
Q
A group of skeletal muscle fibers is called a/an _____.
A
Fascicle
4
Q
The structure that connects muscles to bones is the _____.
A
Tendon
5
Q
The main force of contraction occurs when actin forms a chemical complex with _____.
A
Myosin
6
Q
When a muscle is at rest, which of the following is not associated chemically with the others? A. Actin B. Myosin C. Troponin D. Tropomyosin
A
Myosin
7
Q
During the contraction of a sarcomere, calcium ions bind with the protein _____.
A
Troponin
8
Q
The main neurotransmitter involved in skeletal muscle contraction is _____.
A
Acetylcholine
9
Q
Which molecule directly supplies energy to myosin to allow the filaments to contract?
A
ATP
10
Q
The presence of _____ allow cardiac muscle fibers to transmit impulses faster among themselves.
A
Intercalated Disks
11
Q
The muscle is called the _____ when it is causing the movement that is being described.
A
Prime Mover (Agonist)
12
Q
Muscles that act together to cause the same movements are called _____.
A
Synergists
13
Q
The sternocleidomastoid muscle was named because of its _____.
A
Points of Attachment
14
Q
The _____ muscle forms a broad flat sheet on top of the head.
A
Epicranius
15
Q
Which muscle lines most of the inner cheek wall?
A
Buccinator
16
Q
The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.
A
Deltoid
17
Q
Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the mid-line?
A
Pectoralis Major
18
Q
A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____.
A
Brachialis
19
Q
The pronator teres inserts on the _____.
A
Radius
20
Q
The following belong together except which one? A. Flexor Carpi Radialis B. Palmaris Longus C. Flexor Digitorum Profundus D. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
A
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
only one that extends
21
Q
The fibers of a muscle that are connected to the overlying skin fibers are the _____.
A
Deep Fascia
22
Q
The muscle cells within a group such as the biceps brachii are individually called _____.
A
Fibers
23
Q
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others? A. Myofilament B. Myosin C. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum D. Actin
A
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
24
Q
The I bands in a sarcomere are made of _____.
A
Actin
25
The _____ zone contains only myosin and is the center of a sarcomere.
H
26
The cisternae are enlarged portions of the _____.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
27
The gap between the muscle and a nerve is the _____.
Myoneural Junction
28
The chemical that crosses a neuromuscular gap is _____.
A Neurotransmitter
29
The combination of a neuron and the muscle fiber it associates with is called a/an _____.
Motor Unit
30
The most abundant of the muscle proteins is _____.
Myosin
31
What is the most abundant storage form of energy within a muscle fiber?
Creatine Phosphate
32
What effect does creatine phosphokinase have on muscle activity?
Catalyzes the formation of creatine phosphate
33
How is excess sugar stored within muscle fibers?
Glycogen
34
Which main factor allows muscle to sustain contraction even during times when the blood supply is low?
Myoglobin
35
The reddish brown color of muscle is due to the presence of _____ molecules.
Myoglobin
36
Which molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt?
Lactate
37
```
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A. White Muscle
B. Fast Contracting
C. Extensive Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
D. Relatively large supply of myoglobin
```
Relatively large supply of myoglobin
| the rest are all for fast-twitch
38
About _____% of ATP energy becomes liberated as heat from muscle metabolism.
75%
39
The minimum stimulus needed to case a contraction is called the _____.
Threshold
40
A single contraction of a muscle is called a _____.
Twitch
41
The period of time in which a muscle will not respond to a stimulus is called the _____.
Refractory Period
42
The complete contraction of a muscle, without the ability to relax, is called _____.
Tetanic Contraction
43
The constant contraction of a percentage of fibers within a muscle is referred to as _____.
Tonus
44
Contractions called _____ occur whenever the forces applied to a muscle are increased, but the muscle does not appear to be moving.
Isometric
45
Which of the following muscles always require nerve impulses in order to contract?
Skeletal
46
Which type of muscle is found in the wall of blood vessels.
Multi-Unit Smooth
47
Since smooth muscle fibers have rhythmicity and can stimulate each other, they contract in a pattern called _____.
Peristalsis
48
The degeneration of muscle fibers caused by a lack of proper stimulation and usage is called _____.
Atrophy
49
In smooth muscle, calcium ions combine with _____ to allow the actin and myosin cross-bridges to form.
Calmodulin
50
Which muscle causes smiling and is attached to the corner of the lips?
Zygomatic
51
The _____ is the broad flat muscle on the neck, which causes frowning.
Platysma
52
A condition called temporomandibular syndrome can be caused by contraction of the _____.
Masseter
53
```
The following muscles belong together except which one?
A. Masseter
B. Pterygoid
C. Temporalis
D. Digastric
```
Digastric
| has 2 muscles
54
The antagonist of the sternocleidomastoid is the _____.
Splenius Capitis
55
The triangular shaped muscle on the back that rotates the shoulder is the _____.
Trapezius
56
The _____ muscle acts to elevate the shoulders.
Levator Scapulae
57
Adduction of the scapulae in a posterior view is mainly accomplished by the _____.
Rhomboideus
58
The _____ will move the shoulders on a forward plane.
Pectoralis Minor
59
An antagonist of the teres major is the _____.
Pectoralis Major
60
The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.
Deltoid
61
Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move toward the mid-line.
Pectoralis Major
62
A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____.
Brachialis
63
The pronator teres inserts on the _____.
Radius
64
```
The following belong together except which one?
A. Flexor Carpi Radialis
B. Palmaris Longus
C. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
D. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
```
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
65
```
Which of the following does not belong with the rest?
A. External Oblique
B. Transverses Adbominis
C. Internal Oblique
D. Rectus Abdominis
```
```
Rectus Abdominis
(the rest squeeze abdomen but this one pulls pelvis towards sternum)
```
66
```
The following can be grouped together except which one?
A. Coccygeus
B. Sphincter urethrae
C. Bulbospongiosus
D. Ischiocavernosus
```
Coccygeus
| the rest are anterior
67
The Psoas Major is the antagonist to the _____.
Gluteus Maximus
68
The _____ muscle attaches to a long band of tendon which runs down the lateral aspect of the leg.
Tensor Fascia Latae
69
The _____ muscle causes one to cross the leg by adducting the thigh and flexing the lower leg.
Sartorius
70
Which muscle runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial tibial surface near the patella?
Sartorius
71
```
Which of he following does NOT belong with the others?
A. Semimembranosus
B. Biceps Femoris
C. Sartorius
D. Semitendinosus
```
Sartorius
72
```
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A. Vastus Intermedius
B. Rectus Femoris
C. Vastus Medialis
D. Biceps Femoris
```
Biceps Femoris
73
```
The following cause dorsifextion of the foot except which one?
A. Extensor Digitorum Longus
B. Soleus
C. Tibialis Anterior
D. Peroneus Tertius
```
Soleus
74
```
Which of the following is attached to the calcaneus?
A. Gastrocnemius
B. Tibialis Posterior
C. Peroneus Longus
D. Peroneus Tertius
```
Gastrocnemius
75
The _____ is inserted on the base of the first metatarsal.
Tibialis Anterior
76
Spontaneous contraction of random groups of muscles is called _____.
Fibrillation
77
A disease which results in muscle weakness because of abdominal neuromuscular junction activity is _____.
Myasthenia Gravis
78
```
Which of the following refers to a prolonged muscular spasm?
A. Mytonia
B. Paresis
C. Myalgia
D. Contracture
```
Myotonia
79
The layer of connective tissue that separates the muscle tissue into small sections is called the _____.
Perimysium
80
The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from _____.
One Z line to the next Z line
81
The _____ are an invagination of the muscle cell's sarcolemma.
Transverse (T) Tubules
82
Into what does the neuron release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?
Synaptic Cleft
83
A motor Unit is made up of _____.
A motor neuron and the muscle fibers is innervates
84
The crossbridges involved in muscle contraction are located on the _____.
Myosin Myofilaments
85
Which of these statements is correct regarding skeletal muscle contraction?
A. All motor units act together
B. Muscle contraction continues for long periods after nervous stimulation ceases
C. The crossbridges bind to the actin and shorten the sarcomere
D. Dystrophin is not needed to strengthen the contracting muscle cell
The crossbridges bind to the actin and shorten the sarcomere
86
The type of muscle found in the irises of the eyes and in the blood vessels is called _____.
Multi-unit Smooth Muscle
87
Why can cardiac muscle fibers contract for longer periods than skeletal muscle fibers?
Extracellular calcium partially controls the strength (and length) of contractions
88
Which muscle enables you to pucker your lips for a kiss?
Orbicularis Oris
89
The muscle that enables you to elevate and adduct your scapula is the _____.
Rhomboideus Major
90
Which muscle is the strongest flexor of the elbow?
Brachialis
91
The biceps femoris is one hamstring muscle located on the back of the thigh. Which muscle is another hamstring?
Semitendinosus
92
```
Which of the following does not belong with the others?
A. Multinucleated
B. Skeletal
C. Striated
D. Involuntary
```
Involuntary
93
```
Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group?
A. Fiber
B. Fibril
C. Filament
D. Actin
```
Actin
94
Muscles that are NOT used, may degenerate or under go a process of _____.
Atrophy
95
Muscles that act to cause similar movements are called _____.
Synergist
96
The triangle shaped muscle which antagonizes the sternocleidomastoid is the _____.
(he said this wont be a questions put on test)
Trapezius
97
The antagonist to the triceps brachii is the _____.
Brachialis
98
Energy is normally not consumed during the relaxation process. T/F?
False
99
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase acts to increase the force of a muscle contraction. T/F?
False
100
Food poisoning from botulism can cause death from respiratory failure. T/F?
True
101
The inability to contract, or fatigue, is primarily caused by lack of glucose and oxygen in the muscle. T/F?
False
| its the build up of lactate and inability to oxygenate the muscle
102
The liver can convert acid to glucose. T/F?
True
103
Skeletal muscles continue to contract following death. T/F?
True
104
Red muscles are slow contracting and are typically found in the eyelids and hands. T/F?
False
| not found in eyelids or hands
105
Recruitment is the process in which there is an increase in the number of motor units activated. T/F?
True
106
The staircase effect refers to an increase in the strength of a muscle contraction that occurs during exercise. T/F?
True
107
Smooth muscle are not striated and as such do not have actin and myosin filaments. T/F?
False
108
Smooth muscle can be stimulated to contract by stretching. T/F?
True
109
Smooth muscle fibers usually can respond faster than skeletal. T/F?
False
110
Cardiac muscle is striated, found only in the heart, and does not rely on calcium as much as skeletal muscles do for contraction. T/F?
False
111
The heart only contains cardiac muscle. T/F?
False
| blood vessels smooth
112
The part of the muscle that moves is referred to as its insertion. T/F?
True
113
A muscle causing flexion is the antagonist to one that could cause extension at the same time. T/F?
True
114
The orbicularis muscles are sphincter muscles, which cause the eyes to squint and lips compress. T/F?
True
115
The temporalis is attached to the temporal bone and plays its greatest role in facial expression. T/F?
False
116
The triceps brachii is an antagonist of the brachioradialis. T/F?
True
117
The triceps has one head of origin on the humerus and two on the scapula. T/F?
False
118
Tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the connective tissue associated with muscles. T/F?
True
119
Treatment for compartment syndrome may involve a fasciotomy. T/F?
True
120
The biceps brachii is located on the humerus but has no major attachments to the humerus. T/F?
True
121
In general, the flexors of the hand and fingers are located on the posterior surface of the forearm. T/F?
False
122
The abdominal muscles commonly insert on the linea alba. T/F?
True
123
There are skeletal muscles attached to th penis or clitoris. T/F?
True
124
When one is standing upright, the gluteus muscles are mainly in a state of relaxation. T/F?
False
125
Torticollis is a condition in which the neck muscles contract involuntarily. T/F?
True
126
The term muscle fiber is synonymous with a group of muscle cells. T/F?
False
127
The heart muscle will still contract even if removed from the body. T/F?
True
128
It is easier to fatigue an arm muscle than the heart muscle. T/F?
True
129
A skeletal muscle also contains smooth muscle fibers within it. T/F?
True
130
A nerve fiber comes in direct junction with a muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction.
False
131
The expression "oxygen debt" refers to the lack of sufficient oxygen and lactic acid for contraction. T/F?
False
132
Isotonic contractions occur as one pushes against the wall of a building. T/F?
False
