Chapter 12 Test Questions Flashcards
1
Q
A nociceptor is a type of _____ receptor.
A
Pain
2
Q
Pressoreceptors respond to changes in stimuli such as _____.
A
Pressure within a vessel
3
Q
Sensory adaption occurs when stimuli become _____.
A
Gradually Ignore
4
Q
Stimulation of a _____ usually results in pain.
A
Free nerve ending
5
Q
The movements in breathing can be detected by the _____ in the tendons of the thorax.
A
Golgi Organs
6
Q
A stretch reflex occurs when the intrafusal fibers of a _____ are stimulated.
A
Muscle Spindle
7
Q
The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for the sense of smell.
A
Cilia on Olfactory Cells
8
Q
The olfactory receptor cells are examples of _____ neurons.
A
Bipolar
9
Q
Which area allows one to perceive the aroma of pizza?
A
Olfactory Cortex (all answers say olfactory; focus on cortex)
10
Q
The connections between the cochlear hair cells and the VIII cranial nerve are made by _____.
A
Release of Neurotransmitter
11
Q
The intensity of sounds is measured in units of _____.
A
dB
12
Q
The auditory perception center is located within the _____.
A
Temporal lobe
13
Q
Which type of deafness can be treated by a cochlear implant?
A
Sensorineural
14
Q
The following belong together except which one? A) dynamic equilibrium B) vestibule C) static equilibrium D) utricle
A
Dynamic Equilibrium
15
Q
The maculae can be found in the _____.
A
Saccule
16
Q
Which of the following is decomposed under light? A) vitamin A B) retinene C) rhodopsin D) iodopsin
A
Rhodopsin (rods vs cones)
17
Q
A sensory receptor capable of detecting changes in hydrogen ion concentration is more accurately described as a _____.
A
Chemoreceptor
18
Q
Heavy pressure and vibrations stimulate _____.
A
Pacinian Corpuscles
19
Q
Choose the statement about the sense of pain that is correct.
A) Pain receptors are among many types of receptors in the viscera that produce sensations
B) A phenomenon known as referred pain can be explained because of common nerve pathways used by both the skin and internal organs
C) Acute pain fibers are never myelinated
D) chronic pain fibers stop sending signals as soon as the stimulus ceases
A
A phenomenon known as referred pain can be explained because of common nerve pathways used by both the skin and internal organs
20
Q
What type of somatic receptor lies within tendons close to the point of attachment to muscles and is stimulated by increased muscular tension?
A
Golgi Tendon Organ
21
Q
Light skin touch is sensed by _____ receptors.
A
Meissner
22
Q
At a temp of 50 degrees C, the most likely perception of a skin sensation is one of _____.
A
Pain
23
Q
Of the following, which can least likely undergo adaption? A) thermoreceptors B) mechanoreceptors C) photoreceptors D) pain receptors
A
Pain Receptors
24
Q
Pain in the left arm caused by lack of blood to the heart is a type of _____ pain.
A
Referred
25
The best explanation for referred pain is that the nerves that are responsible are _____.
Shared between visceral and somatic pathways
26
Pain originating in the parietal pericardium is _____ by the brain.
Felt Directly
27
```
Which does NOT belong with the other items?
A) chronic pain
B) acute pain
C) A fibers
D) Spinothalamic tract
```
Chronic Pain
28
An analgesic is a drug which usually _____ pain impulses.
Decreases
29
The _____ of the brain seems to give one a crude awareness of pain.
Thalamus
30
```
Which of the following cannot block pain in the brain?
A) endorphin
B) enkephalin
C) acetylcholine
D) serotonin
```
Acetylcholine
31
The movements in breathing can be detected by the _____ in the tendons of the thorax.
Golgi Organs
32
A stretch reflex occurs when the intrafusal fibers of a _____ are stimulated.
Muscle Spindle (repeat)
33
The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for the sense of smell.
Cilia on olfactory cells (repeat)
34
The olfactory receptor cells are examples of _____ neurons.
Bipolar (Repeat)
35
Which area allows one to perceive the aroma of a pizza?
Olfactory Cortex (Repeat)
36
Which sense is most likely to adapt rapidly?
Smell
37
A person aged 21 will probably lose _____ of their smell at 22.
1%
38
The visible elevations on the tongue that contain the receptors for taste are the _____.
Papillae
39
```
Which of the following could be detected on the back of the tongue?
A) sweet
B) sour
C) salty
D) bitter
```
Bitter
40
```
Which of these does NOT belong with the rest?
A) strychnine
B) nicotine
C) alkaline
D) alkaloid
```
Alkaline
41
```
The nerves, which convey taste sensations, are the following except which one?
A) VII
B) VIII
C) IX
D) vagus
```
VIII
42
The gustatory cortex is located within the _____ lobe.
Perietal
43
```
Which of these does not belong with the others?
A) pinna
B) external ear
C) ceruminous glands
D) malleus
```
Malleus
44
The purpose of the auricle is to _____ sound waves.
Act as a collector of
45
The first structure to vibrate in response to sounds is _____.
Tympanic Membrane
46
The purpose of the ossicles is to _____ the incoming vibrations.
Increase the force of
47
The stapes sendsits vibrations to the _____.
Oval Window
48
```
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A) tympanic reflex
B) stapedius
C) increase sound
D) decrease sound
```
Increase Sound
49
The auditory tube acts to equalize pressure between the middle ear and _____.
Throat
50
The term labyrinth refers to the appearance of the _____.
Inner Ear
51
The membranous labyrinth contains _____ fluid.
Endolymph
52
The portion of the inner ear, which detects sounds, is the _____.
Cochlea
53
Reissner's membrane separates the cochlear duct from the _____.
Scala Vestibuli
54
Vibrations from the _____ reach the scala vestibuli first.
Oval Window
55
Stimulation of the crista ampullaris results in _____.
Feeling of Motion
56
The term for eyelid is _____.
Palpebra
57
Tears drain into the openings of the _____.
Puncta
58
Movement of the eyelid is effected by muscles innervated mainly by the _____ nerves.
Oculomotor
59
The outer covering of the eye is called the _____.
Sclera
60
The suspensory ligaments attach to the _____.
Lens
61
The process of adjusting vision from a near to a distant object is called _____.
Accommodation
62
An increase in aqueous fluid pressure is a symptom of _____.
Glaucoma
63
```
Which of the following is the first to come into contact with light?
A) rods
B) bipolar neurons
C) cones
D) ganglion cells
```
Ganglion Cells
64
The point of sharpest retinal vision is called the _____.
Fovea Centralis
65
The portion(s) of the tongue that actually perceives taste is/are the _____.
Taste Hairs
66
How do the senses of smell and taste differ?
They differ in the reproductive rate of the receptors
67
Why do odors sometimes alter our moods?
B/C sensory input from olfaction is routed through the limbic system
68
The chamber that actually houses the hearing receptors is the _____.
Cochlear Duct
69
After the inner ear has detected vibration caused by sound, how is the energy dissipated?
Air inside the middle ear dissipates the forces caused by vibrations
70
The organs of static equilibrium are located within the _____ and employ shifting _____ to set up nerve impulses.
Vestibule ; Otoliths
71
The inner surface of the eyelids is lined with _____.
Conjuctiva
72
The region on the retina that produces the sharpest vision is called the _____.
Fovea Centralis
73
Objects are perceived by photoreceptors b/c the rods or cones _____ as their _____ in the pretense of light.
Hyperpolarize ; Pigments Decompose
74
The ability to sense body position is related to _____ receptors.
Proprioceptors
75
Which muscle moves the eye toward the midline?
Medial Rectus
76
```
Which of these is the last in the tear flow sequence?
A) lacrimal duct
B) nasolacrimal duct
C) lacrimal gland
D) lacrimal sac
```
Nasolacrimal Duct (only non-lacrimal answer)
77
The actual receptors for hearing and balance are _____.
Hair Cells
78
The auditory canal is part of the _____.
Outer Ear (all are ear locations, focus on Outer)
79
```
Which is the last structure to vibrate in this sequence?
A) malleus
B) oval window
C) stapes
D) incus
```
Oval Window
80
Monosodium glutamate is a food additive that can cause headaches to occur in some individuals. T/F?
True
81
Referred pain is a phenomenon in which the brain mistakes the origin of a painful area for no apparent reason. T/F?
False
82
Acupuncture can result in reduced pain from brain release of enkephalins. T/F?
True
83
Chronic pain is usually of lower intensity than acute pain and therefore does not result in serious dysfunction. T/F?
False
84
A stretch reflex becomes activated when a muscle contracts. T/F?
False
85
Golgi tendon organs act to increase the contraction force of the muscle they are part of. T/F?
False
86
As one ages, they develop an increased tendency towards anosmia. T/F?
True
87
Gustatory refers to the sensation of smells. T/F?
False (its for taste)
88
Taste cells are continually reproduced and do not diminish much with age. T/F?
True
89
Sweet stimuli are usually organic compounds. T/F?
True
90
The external auditory meatus leads into the inner ear. T/F?
False
91
The ear wax cerumen contains compounds that repel insects. T/F?
True
92
The ossicles are the malleus, incus and cochlea. T/F?
False
93
The difference in sound pressure at the tympanic membrane is about 22 times greater than at the inner ear. T/F?
False (it's about 1/22)
94
The strapedius muscle inserts on the tympanic membrane. T/F?
False
95
It is easier to dampen the intensity of slow occurring sounds than rapid. T/F?
True
96
The mucous lining of the middle ear actually increases the probability of developing otitis media from an external cause. T/F?
True
97
The round window equalizes pressure between the middle ear and inner ear. T/F?
True
98
The detection of various frequencies of sound is made possible by the structure of the hair cells. T/F?
False
99
Human hearing responds to 20-20,000 Hz equally in all ranges. T/F?
False
100
The right occipital lobe receives information from the right eye only. T/F?
False
101
Proprioceptors respond to changes in the muscle positions. T/F?
True
102
The Rinne test is done to assess skin sensitivity to touch. T/F?
False
103
A sense of moving or dynamic equilibrium is sensed by the ampullae of the vestibule. T/F?
False
104
The fliud movement in the inner ear can cause confusion between sounds and movements resulting in motion sickness. T/F?
True
105
Tears contain a lysozyme enzyme that has antibacterial effects. T/F?
True
106
Seeing two overlapping imagines or double vision is termed strabismus. T/F?
False
107
The most common form of blindness is retinitis or retinal damage. T/F?
False
108
The ciliary body is a smooth muscle as well as gland. T/F?
True
109
Vitreous fluid is made continually while aqueous humor remains the same throughout life. T/F?
False
110
Both pupil dilation and contraction involve muscle contractions. T/F?
True
111
The cones are sensitive to dim light and color. T/F?
False (rods not cones)
112
Sensory receptors are equally and proportionally distributed throughout the skin. T/F?
False
113
Taste and smell are sensations stimulated by chemical molecules. T/F?
True
114
The olfactory cells have microvilli that enable them to respond to chemical stimuli. T/F?
False
115
The taste buds on the tongue enable a person to perceive the taste of various foods and such as the garlic in lasagna. T/F?
False
116
Free nerve endings in the skin are associated with the sensation of pain. T/F?
True
