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Physiology & Anatomy > Chapter 12 Test Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A nociceptor is a type of _____ receptor.

A

Pain

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2
Q

Pressoreceptors respond to changes in stimuli such as _____.

A

Pressure within a vessel

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3
Q

Sensory adaption occurs when stimuli become _____.

A

Gradually Ignore

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4
Q

Stimulation of a _____ usually results in pain.

A

Free nerve ending

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5
Q

The movements in breathing can be detected by the _____ in the tendons of the thorax.

A

Golgi Organs

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6
Q

A stretch reflex occurs when the intrafusal fibers of a _____ are stimulated.

A

Muscle Spindle

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7
Q

The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for the sense of smell.

A

Cilia on Olfactory Cells

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8
Q

The olfactory receptor cells are examples of _____ neurons.

A

Bipolar

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9
Q

Which area allows one to perceive the aroma of pizza?

A

Olfactory Cortex (all answers say olfactory; focus on cortex)

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10
Q

The connections between the cochlear hair cells and the VIII cranial nerve are made by _____.

A

Release of Neurotransmitter

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11
Q

The intensity of sounds is measured in units of _____.

A

dB

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12
Q

The auditory perception center is located within the _____.

A

Temporal lobe

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13
Q

Which type of deafness can be treated by a cochlear implant?

A

Sensorineural

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14
Q 
The following belong together except which one?
A) dynamic equilibrium
B) vestibule
C) static equilibrium
D) utricle
A

Dynamic Equilibrium

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15
Q

The maculae can be found in the _____.

A

Saccule

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16
Q 
Which of the following is decomposed under light?
A) vitamin A
B) retinene
C) rhodopsin
D) iodopsin
A

Rhodopsin (rods vs cones)

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17
Q

A sensory receptor capable of detecting changes in hydrogen ion concentration is more accurately described as a _____.

A

Chemoreceptor

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18
Q

Heavy pressure and vibrations stimulate _____.

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

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19
Q

Choose the statement about the sense of pain that is correct.

A) Pain receptors are among many types of receptors in the viscera that produce sensations

B) A phenomenon known as referred pain can be explained because of common nerve pathways used by both the skin and internal organs

C) Acute pain fibers are never myelinated

D) chronic pain fibers stop sending signals as soon as the stimulus ceases

A

A phenomenon known as referred pain can be explained because of common nerve pathways used by both the skin and internal organs

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20
Q

What type of somatic receptor lies within tendons close to the point of attachment to muscles and is stimulated by increased muscular tension?

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

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21
Q

Light skin touch is sensed by _____ receptors.

A

Meissner

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22
Q

At a temp of 50 degrees C, the most likely perception of a skin sensation is one of _____.

A

Pain

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23
Q 
Of the following, which can least likely undergo adaption?
A) thermoreceptors
B) mechanoreceptors
C) photoreceptors
D) pain receptors
A

Pain Receptors

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24
Q

Pain in the left arm caused by lack of blood to the heart is a type of _____ pain.

A

Referred

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25
Q

The best explanation for referred pain is that the nerves that are responsible are _____.

A

Shared between visceral and somatic pathways

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26
Q

Pain originating in the parietal pericardium is _____ by the brain.

A

Felt Directly

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27
Q 
Which does NOT belong with the other items?
A) chronic pain
B) acute pain
C) A fibers
D) Spinothalamic tract
A

Chronic Pain

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28
Q

An analgesic is a drug which usually _____ pain impulses.

A

Decreases

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29
Q

The _____ of the brain seems to give one a crude awareness of pain.

A

Thalamus

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30
Q 
Which of the following cannot block pain in the brain?
A) endorphin
B) enkephalin
C) acetylcholine
D) serotonin
A

Acetylcholine

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31
Q

The movements in breathing can be detected by the _____ in the tendons of the thorax.

A

Golgi Organs

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32
Q

A stretch reflex occurs when the intrafusal fibers of a _____ are stimulated.

A

Muscle Spindle (repeat)

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33
Q

The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for the sense of smell.

A

Cilia on olfactory cells (repeat)

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34
Q

The olfactory receptor cells are examples of _____ neurons.

A

Bipolar (Repeat)

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35
Q

Which area allows one to perceive the aroma of a pizza?

A

Olfactory Cortex (Repeat)

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36
Q

Which sense is most likely to adapt rapidly?

A

Smell

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37
Q

A person aged 21 will probably lose _____ of their smell at 22.

A

1%

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38
Q

The visible elevations on the tongue that contain the receptors for taste are the _____.

A

Papillae

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39
Q 
Which of the following could be detected on the back of the tongue?
A) sweet
B) sour
C) salty
D) bitter
A

Bitter

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40
Q 
Which of these does NOT belong with the rest?
A) strychnine
B) nicotine
C) alkaline
D) alkaloid
A

Alkaline

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41
Q 
The nerves, which convey taste sensations, are the following except which one?
A) VII
B) VIII
C) IX
D) vagus
A

VIII

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42
Q

The gustatory cortex is located within the _____ lobe.

A

Perietal

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43
Q 
Which of these does not belong with the others?
A) pinna
B) external ear
C) ceruminous glands
D) malleus
A

Malleus

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44
Q

The purpose of the auricle is to _____ sound waves.

A

Act as a collector of

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45
Q

The first structure to vibrate in response to sounds is _____.

A

Tympanic Membrane

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46
Q

The purpose of the ossicles is to _____ the incoming vibrations.

A

Increase the force of

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47
Q

The stapes sendsits vibrations to the _____.

A

Oval Window

48
Q 
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A) tympanic reflex
B) stapedius
C) increase sound
D) decrease sound
A

Increase Sound

49
Q

The auditory tube acts to equalize pressure between the middle ear and _____.

A

Throat

50
Q

The term labyrinth refers to the appearance of the _____.

A

Inner Ear

51
Q

The membranous labyrinth contains _____ fluid.

A

Endolymph

52
Q

The portion of the inner ear, which detects sounds, is the _____.

A

Cochlea

53
Q

Reissner’s membrane separates the cochlear duct from the _____.

A

Scala Vestibuli

54
Q

Vibrations from the _____ reach the scala vestibuli first.

A

Oval Window

55
Q

Stimulation of the crista ampullaris results in _____.

A

Feeling of Motion

56
Q

The term for eyelid is _____.

A

Palpebra

57
Q

Tears drain into the openings of the _____.

A

Puncta

58
Q

Movement of the eyelid is effected by muscles innervated mainly by the _____ nerves.

A

Oculomotor

59
Q

The outer covering of the eye is called the _____.

A

Sclera

60
Q

The suspensory ligaments attach to the _____.

A

Lens

61
Q

The process of adjusting vision from a near to a distant object is called _____.

A

Accommodation

62
Q

An increase in aqueous fluid pressure is a symptom of _____.

A

Glaucoma

63
Q 
Which of the following is the first to come into contact with light?
A) rods
B) bipolar neurons
C) cones
D) ganglion cells
A

Ganglion Cells

64
Q

The point of sharpest retinal vision is called the _____.

A

Fovea Centralis

65
Q

The portion(s) of the tongue that actually perceives taste is/are the _____.

A

Taste Hairs

66
Q

How do the senses of smell and taste differ?

A

They differ in the reproductive rate of the receptors

67
Q

Why do odors sometimes alter our moods?

A

B/C sensory input from olfaction is routed through the limbic system

68
Q

The chamber that actually houses the hearing receptors is the _____.

A

Cochlear Duct

69
Q

After the inner ear has detected vibration caused by sound, how is the energy dissipated?

A

Air inside the middle ear dissipates the forces caused by vibrations

70
Q

The organs of static equilibrium are located within the _____ and employ shifting _____ to set up nerve impulses.

A

Vestibule ; Otoliths

71
Q

The inner surface of the eyelids is lined with _____.

A

Conjuctiva

72
Q

The region on the retina that produces the sharpest vision is called the _____.

A

Fovea Centralis

73
Q

Objects are perceived by photoreceptors b/c the rods or cones _____ as their _____ in the pretense of light.

A

Hyperpolarize ; Pigments Decompose

74
Q

The ability to sense body position is related to _____ receptors.

A

Proprioceptors

75
Q

Which muscle moves the eye toward the midline?

A

Medial Rectus

76
Q 
Which of these is the last in the tear flow sequence?
A) lacrimal duct
B) nasolacrimal duct
C) lacrimal gland
D) lacrimal sac
A

Nasolacrimal Duct (only non-lacrimal answer)

77
Q

The actual receptors for hearing and balance are _____.

A

Hair Cells

78
Q

The auditory canal is part of the _____.

A

Outer Ear (all are ear locations, focus on Outer)

79
Q 
Which is the last structure to vibrate in this sequence?
A) malleus
B) oval window
C) stapes
D) incus
A

Oval Window

80
Q

Monosodium glutamate is a food additive that can cause headaches to occur in some individuals. T/F?

A

True

81
Q

Referred pain is a phenomenon in which the brain mistakes the origin of a painful area for no apparent reason. T/F?

A

False

82
Q

Acupuncture can result in reduced pain from brain release of enkephalins. T/F?

A

True

83
Q

Chronic pain is usually of lower intensity than acute pain and therefore does not result in serious dysfunction. T/F?

A

False

84
Q

A stretch reflex becomes activated when a muscle contracts. T/F?

A

False

85
Q

Golgi tendon organs act to increase the contraction force of the muscle they are part of. T/F?

A

False

86
Q

As one ages, they develop an increased tendency towards anosmia. T/F?

A

True

87
Q

Gustatory refers to the sensation of smells. T/F?

A

False (its for taste)

88
Q

Taste cells are continually reproduced and do not diminish much with age. T/F?

A

True

89
Q

Sweet stimuli are usually organic compounds. T/F?

A

True

90
Q

The external auditory meatus leads into the inner ear. T/F?

A

False

91
Q

The ear wax cerumen contains compounds that repel insects. T/F?

A

True

92
Q

The ossicles are the malleus, incus and cochlea. T/F?

A

False

93
Q

The difference in sound pressure at the tympanic membrane is about 22 times greater than at the inner ear. T/F?

A

False (it’s about 1/22)

94
Q

The strapedius muscle inserts on the tympanic membrane. T/F?

A

False

95
Q

It is easier to dampen the intensity of slow occurring sounds than rapid. T/F?

A

True

96
Q

The mucous lining of the middle ear actually increases the probability of developing otitis media from an external cause. T/F?

A

True

97
Q

The round window equalizes pressure between the middle ear and inner ear. T/F?

A

True

98
Q

The detection of various frequencies of sound is made possible by the structure of the hair cells. T/F?

A

False

99
Q

Human hearing responds to 20-20,000 Hz equally in all ranges. T/F?

A

False

100
Q

The right occipital lobe receives information from the right eye only. T/F?

A

False

101
Q

Proprioceptors respond to changes in the muscle positions. T/F?

A

True

102
Q

The Rinne test is done to assess skin sensitivity to touch. T/F?

A

False

103
Q

A sense of moving or dynamic equilibrium is sensed by the ampullae of the vestibule. T/F?

A

False

104
Q

The fliud movement in the inner ear can cause confusion between sounds and movements resulting in motion sickness. T/F?

A

True

105
Q

Tears contain a lysozyme enzyme that has antibacterial effects. T/F?

A

True

106
Q

Seeing two overlapping imagines or double vision is termed strabismus. T/F?

A

False

107
Q

The most common form of blindness is retinitis or retinal damage. T/F?

A

False

108
Q

The ciliary body is a smooth muscle as well as gland. T/F?

A

True

109
Q

Vitreous fluid is made continually while aqueous humor remains the same throughout life. T/F?

A

False

110
Q

Both pupil dilation and contraction involve muscle contractions. T/F?

A

True

111
Q

The cones are sensitive to dim light and color. T/F?

A

False (rods not cones)

112
Q

Sensory receptors are equally and proportionally distributed throughout the skin. T/F?

A

False

113
Q

Taste and smell are sensations stimulated by chemical molecules. T/F?

A

True

114
Q

The olfactory cells have microvilli that enable them to respond to chemical stimuli. T/F?

A

False

115
Q

The taste buds on the tongue enable a person to perceive the taste of various foods and such as the garlic in lasagna. T/F?

A

False

116
Q

Free nerve endings in the skin are associated with the sensation of pain. T/F?

A

True

Physiology & Anatomy (19 decks)

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