Chapter 15 Test Questions Flashcards
1
Q
The apical heartbeat in an adult is best heard at the level of the _____.
A
Fifth Intercostal Space
2
Q
The membrane closest to the heart muscle is the _____.
A
Visceral Pericardium
3
Q
What is a prominent symptom of pericarditis?
A
Severe Chest Pain
4
Q
Which part of the heart is usually damaged by scarlet fever or syphilis?
A
Endocardium
5
Q
The atria will empty during ______.
A
Atrial Systole
6
Q
The first heart sound results when the _____.
A
A-V valves close
7
Q
A stethoscope placed at the tip of the sternum will best be able to detect which sound?
A
Tricuspid Valve
8
Q
Which fiber system is the first to depolarize in a cardiac cycle?
A
Sinoatrial Node
9
Q
Which chamber of the heart contains the pacemaker?
A
Right Atrium
10
Q
The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle each minute is calculated from which formula?
A
Heart rate x Stroke volume
11
Q
The three factors that contribute to arterial blood pressure are cardiac output, blood volume, and _____.
A
Resistance
12
Q
The central venous pressure is the pressure in the _____.
A
Right Atrium
13
Q
Which are the first vessels to branch off the aorta?
A
Coronary Arteries
14
Q
The three arteries that arise from the aortic arch are the left subclavian, left common carotid, and _____.
A
Brachiocephalic
15
Q
The left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries come from the _____.
A
Celiac
16
Q
Freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart through the ______________, and is pumped out the _____________.
A
Left Atrium ; Aorta
17
Q
Someone suffering a heart attack in his anterior lower right ventricle probably had a blockage in which coronary artery?
A
Anterior Interventricular Artery
18
Q
When do the AV valves close during the cardiac cycle?
A
When ventricular pressure exceeds that of the atria
19
Q
How does the impulse to contract slow down slightly before it is transferred into the ventricles?
A
Junctional fibers leading into the AV node have very small diameters.
20
Q
What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) QRS wave indicate is happening in the heart?
A
The ventricles are depolarizing while the atria repolarize.
21
Q
The atrioventricular sulcus separates the _____.
A
Atria and Ventricle areas
22
Q
Blood from the cardiac muscle itself drains into the _____.
A
Coronary Sinus
23
Q
Mitral valve prolapse is a condition which causes blood to back flow into the _____.
A
Left Atrium
24
Q
Which of the following contains blood with relatively high oxygen content? A) left ventricle B) right ventricle C) right atrium D) superior vena cava
A
Left Ventricle
25
```
Which of the following contains blood with relatively low oxygen content?
A) left ventricle
B) aorta
C) pulmonary vein
D) pulmonary artery
```
Pulmonary Artery
26
```
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) right coronary artery
B) left coronary artery
C) circumflex artery
D) anterior interventricular artery
```
Right Coronary Artery
27
```
Which term indicates that tissue in the heart has died?
A) coronary thrombosis
B) angina pectoris
C) ischemia
D) infarction
```
Infarction
28
```
Which term refers to the severe chest pain evident during an attack of myocardial ischemia?
A) hypoxia
B) infarction
C) angina
D) diaphoresis
```
Angina
29
When does blood flow into the coronary arteries?
During ventricular relaxation
30
About _____% of the atrial blood flows into the ventricles before the atria contract.
70%
31
The _____ allows the atria to communicate with the ventricles.
A-V Bundle
32
Which part of the heart is the last to become excited during a cardiac cycle?
Superior Ventricular Region
33
Which area allows the atria to completely empty as the ventricles fill with blood?
A-V Node
34
The cardiac reflex control centers are located within the _____.
Medulla Oblongata
35
The baroreceptors located in the _____ respond to stretching by slowing the rate of the heart.
Aortic Arch
36
The purpose of the medullary cardiac centers is to _____.
Maintain blood pressure
37
The increase in heart rate caused by seeing a wild dog run after you is probably the result of the _____.
Hypothalamus
38
Where does the repolarization of the atria occur?
QRS Complex
39
The time taken for an impulse to travel from the S-A to the A-V node is evidenced in the _____.
P-Q Interval
40
The most serious and life threatening arrhythmia of the heart is _____.
Fibrillation
41
The _____ layer of an artery contains the greatest amount of smooth muscle.
Tunica Media
42
```
Which of the following does NOT have the ability to contract?
A) veins
B) arteries
C) venules
D) capillaries
```
Capillaries
43
Which capillary beds have the greatest permeability?
Liver
44
Which area contains the tightest capillary endothelial junctions?
Brain
45
```
Which of these areas totally lack capillaries?
A) spinal cord
B) cartilage
C) dermis
D) gall bladder
```
Cartilage
46
```
Which factor assists venous return to the heart?
A) valves
B) inspiration
C) skeletal muscle
D) all of these
```
All of these
47
The highest pressure exerted by the heart is called the _____.
Systolic Pressure
48
The condition called _____ is characterized by some defect or weakness in a vessel wall.
Aneurysm
49
The obstructive accumulation of cholesterol in a vessel is the result of _____.
Atherosclerosis
50
The diaphragm is supplied by the _____ artery.
Phrenic
51
```
The following vessels will direct blood to the brain except which one?
A) common carotid
B) nternal carotid
C) vertebral
D) jugular
```
Jugular
52
The brachial artery divides into the radial and _____.
Ulnar
53
The _____ will send blood into the femoral artery.
External Iliac
54
The _____ vein represents a functional connection between the superior and inferior vena cavae.
Azygos
55
The superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the _____ vein.
Hepatic Portal
56
The longest vein in the body is the _____.
Saphenous
57
In an ECG, where does the depolarization of the atria occur?
P wave
58
```
Which layer of the following serves the dual purpose of forming the inner layer of the pericardium and forming the outermost wall of the heart?
A) fibrous pericardium
B) parietal pericardium
C) visceral pericardium
D) myocardium
```
Visceral Pericardium
59
The bicuspid valve __________________.
Is located on the left side of the heart
60
Which artery supplies blood to the ilium and muscles of the lower back?
Iliolumbar Artery
61
A deep wound to the upper thigh might damage the _____________ artery.
Femoral
62
Blood is drained from the face, scalp, and superficial regions of the neck by the _______________.
External Jugular Veins
63
A unique venous system, called the ________________, carries blood directly from the intestines to the liver for processing rather than directly into the inferior vena cava.
Hepatic Portal System
64
The inability of the left ventricle to pump blood adequately to the body's cells is indicative of ________________.
Congestive Heart Failure
65
A condition in which there is a congenital predisposition for a ruptured aorta is _____________.
Marfan Syndrome
66
Which membrane is closest to the heart muscle?
Visceral Pericardium
67
How many openings are there in the right atrium?
4
68
The _____ valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid
69
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents a backflow of blood into the _____.
Right Ventricle
70
The aortic semilunar valve prevents blood from returning to the _____.
Left Ventricle
71
Which structure contains the lowest amount of oxygen?
Vena Cava
72
```
Cardiac output can be determined by which of the following formulas?
A) HR - SV
B) HR ÷ by SV
C) HR + SV
D) HR x SV
```
HR x SV (beat per minute X blood volume per beat)
73
The central cardiac control region is in the _____ of the brain.
Medulla Oblongata
74
The T wave of an electrocardiogram represents which event?
Ventricular Repolarization
75
A heartbeat of less than 60 beats per minute is called _____.
Bradycardia
76
The blood in the pulmonary arteries has a relatively high carbon dioxide concentration. T/F?
True
77
Patients complain of diaphoresis, which is difficulty breathing, during a myocardial infarction. T/F?
False
78
The coronary circulation has a rich array of anastomoses between its arteries and veins. T/F?
False
79
Pressure within the atria is greatest when the ventricles are relaxing and the atria are contracting. T/F?
True
80
As the ventricles contract, the pressure in them exceeds the pressure in the atria. T/F?
True
81
A murmur is a heart sound heard when the valves do not close sufficiently. T/F?
True
82
A functional syncytium occurs when one cardiac muscle cell causes the ones around to inhibit their beat. T/F?
False
83
An injection of acetylcholine into the heart could decrease the rate of the heart. T/F?
True
84
The sympathetic nervous system usually has the effect of increasing heart rate. T/F?
True
85
The electrocardiogram tracing is a measurement of the contraction sequences of the heart. T/F?
False
86
Either hyperkalemia or hypokalemia could cause an irregular heart rhythm. T/F?
True
87
An increase in blood calcium or hypercalcemia can cause the heart to increase its pressure and have a prolonged QRS interval. T/F?
True
88
A slow heart rate that is diagnosed as a bradycardia condition always is abnormal and should be treated. T/F?
False
89
The technique called defibrillation is the application of an electric current to the chest wall with the desired effect of directly stabilizing the abnormal heart rhythm. T/F?
False
90
Vasoconstriction of a blood vessel causes an increase in blood pressure. T/F?
False
91
The control of blood flow to a specific area is related to the amount of oxygen present. T/F?
True
92
Normally the hydrostatic pressure of the blood exceeds its osmotic pressure which causes a loss of fluids into the tissue spaces. T/F?
True
93
Ankle edema or ascites is caused by an abnormal increase in blood osmotic pressure. T/F?
False
94
A decrease in stroke volume will cause a drop in blood pressure and a drop in heart rate will also result in a pressure decrease. T/F?
False
95
Starling's law of the heart states that the force of a heart chamber decreases when the chamber is full. T/F?
False
96
A dilation in a vein is called a varicosity. T/F?
True
97
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone released from the heart in response to low blood pressure. T/F?
False
98
The vasomotor center in the medulla regulates blood pressure by altering the diameters of blood vessels throughout the body. T/F?
True
99
Hypertension is related to an increased risk for developing a heart attack, stroke or obesity. T/F?
False
100
Pulmonary edema may be caused by damage to the heart that has weakened the left ventricle. T/F?
True
101
The circle of Willis represents an anastomosis of blood vessels supplying the cranial cavity and brain. T/F?
True
102
Most of the average adult heart lies to the left of the midline. T/F?
True
103
Pericardial fluid is serous and allows the heart to beat without friction in the pericardial sac. T/F?
True
104
The right and left sides of the heart are separated by the interventricular septum. T/F?
False
105
Blood in all veins is relatively low in oxygen. T/F?
False
106
When an atrium is in systole the ventricle is in diastole.
| T/F?
True
