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Physiology & Anatomy > Chapter 15 Test Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The apical heartbeat in an adult is best heard at the level of the _____.

A

Fifth Intercostal Space

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2
Q

The membrane closest to the heart muscle is the _____.

A

Visceral Pericardium

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3
Q

What is a prominent symptom of pericarditis?

A

Severe Chest Pain

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4
Q

Which part of the heart is usually damaged by scarlet fever or syphilis?

A

Endocardium

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5
Q

The atria will empty during ______.

A

Atrial Systole

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6
Q

The first heart sound results when the _____.

A

A-V valves close

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7
Q

A stethoscope placed at the tip of the sternum will best be able to detect which sound?

A

Tricuspid Valve

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8
Q

Which fiber system is the first to depolarize in a cardiac cycle?

A

Sinoatrial Node

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9
Q

Which chamber of the heart contains the pacemaker?

A

Right Atrium

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10
Q

The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle each minute is calculated from which formula?

A

Heart rate x Stroke volume

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11
Q

The three factors that contribute to arterial blood pressure are cardiac output, blood volume, and _____.

A

Resistance

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12
Q

The central venous pressure is the pressure in the _____.

A

Right Atrium

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13
Q

Which are the first vessels to branch off the aorta?

A

Coronary Arteries

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14
Q

The three arteries that arise from the aortic arch are the left subclavian, left common carotid, and _____.

A

Brachiocephalic

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15
Q

The left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries come from the _____.

A

Celiac

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16
Q

Freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart through the ______________, and is pumped out the _____________.

A

Left Atrium ; Aorta

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17
Q

Someone suffering a heart attack in his anterior lower right ventricle probably had a blockage in which coronary artery?

A

Anterior Interventricular Artery

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18
Q

When do the AV valves close during the cardiac cycle?

A

When ventricular pressure exceeds that of the atria

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19
Q

How does the impulse to contract slow down slightly before it is transferred into the ventricles?

A

Junctional fibers leading into the AV node have very small diameters.

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20
Q

What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) QRS wave indicate is happening in the heart?

A

The ventricles are depolarizing while the atria repolarize.

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21
Q

The atrioventricular sulcus separates the _____.

A

Atria and Ventricle areas

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22
Q

Blood from the cardiac muscle itself drains into the _____.

A

Coronary Sinus

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23
Q

Mitral valve prolapse is a condition which causes blood to back flow into the _____.

A

Left Atrium

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24
Q 
Which of the following contains blood with relatively high oxygen content?
A) left ventricle
B) right ventricle
C) right atrium
D) superior vena cava
A

Left Ventricle

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25
Q 
Which of the following contains blood with relatively low oxygen content?
A) left ventricle
B) aorta
C) pulmonary vein
D) pulmonary artery
A

Pulmonary Artery

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26
Q 
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) right coronary artery
B) left coronary artery
C) circumflex artery
D) anterior interventricular artery
A

Right Coronary Artery

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27
Q 
Which term indicates that tissue in the heart has died?
A) coronary thrombosis
B) angina pectoris
C) ischemia
D) infarction
A

Infarction

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28
Q 
Which term refers to the severe chest pain evident during an attack of myocardial ischemia?
A) hypoxia
B) infarction
C) angina
D) diaphoresis
A

Angina

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29
Q

When does blood flow into the coronary arteries?

A

During ventricular relaxation

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30
Q

About _____% of the atrial blood flows into the ventricles before the atria contract.

A

70%

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31
Q

The _____ allows the atria to communicate with the ventricles.

A

A-V Bundle

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32
Q

Which part of the heart is the last to become excited during a cardiac cycle?

A

Superior Ventricular Region

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33
Q

Which area allows the atria to completely empty as the ventricles fill with blood?

A

A-V Node

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34
Q

The cardiac reflex control centers are located within the _____.

A

Medulla Oblongata

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35
Q

The baroreceptors located in the _____ respond to stretching by slowing the rate of the heart.

A

Aortic Arch

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36
Q

The purpose of the medullary cardiac centers is to _____.

A

Maintain blood pressure

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37
Q

The increase in heart rate caused by seeing a wild dog run after you is probably the result of the _____.

A

Hypothalamus

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38
Q

Where does the repolarization of the atria occur?

A

QRS Complex

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39
Q

The time taken for an impulse to travel from the S-A to the A-V node is evidenced in the _____.

A

P-Q Interval

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40
Q

The most serious and life threatening arrhythmia of the heart is _____.

A

Fibrillation

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41
Q

The _____ layer of an artery contains the greatest amount of smooth muscle.

A

Tunica Media

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42
Q 
Which of the following does NOT have the ability to contract?
A) veins
B) arteries
C) venules
D) capillaries
A

Capillaries

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43
Q

Which capillary beds have the greatest permeability?

A

Liver

44
Q

Which area contains the tightest capillary endothelial junctions?

A

Brain

45
Q 
Which of these areas totally lack capillaries?
A) spinal cord
B) cartilage
C) dermis
D) gall bladder
A

Cartilage

46
Q 
Which factor assists venous return to the heart?
A) valves
B) inspiration
C) skeletal muscle
D) all of these
A

All of these

47
Q

The highest pressure exerted by the heart is called the _____.

A

Systolic Pressure

48
Q

The condition called _____ is characterized by some defect or weakness in a vessel wall.

A

Aneurysm

49
Q

The obstructive accumulation of cholesterol in a vessel is the result of _____.

A

Atherosclerosis

50
Q

The diaphragm is supplied by the _____ artery.

A

Phrenic

51
Q 
The following vessels will direct blood to the brain except which one?
A) common carotid
B) nternal carotid
C) vertebral
D) jugular
A

Jugular

52
Q

The brachial artery divides into the radial and _____.

A

Ulnar

53
Q

The _____ will send blood into the femoral artery.

A

External Iliac

54
Q

The _____ vein represents a functional connection between the superior and inferior vena cavae.

A

Azygos

55
Q

The superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the _____ vein.

A

Hepatic Portal

56
Q

The longest vein in the body is the _____.

A

Saphenous

57
Q

In an ECG, where does the depolarization of the atria occur?

A

P wave

58
Q 
Which layer of the following serves the dual purpose of forming the inner layer of the pericardium and forming the outermost wall of the heart?
A) fibrous pericardium
B) parietal pericardium
C) visceral pericardium
D) myocardium
A

Visceral Pericardium

59
Q

The bicuspid valve __________________.

A

Is located on the left side of the heart

60
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the ilium and muscles of the lower back?

A

Iliolumbar Artery

61
Q

A deep wound to the upper thigh might damage the _____________ artery.

A

Femoral

62
Q

Blood is drained from the face, scalp, and superficial regions of the neck by the _______________.

A

External Jugular Veins

63
Q

A unique venous system, called the ________________, carries blood directly from the intestines to the liver for processing rather than directly into the inferior vena cava.

A

Hepatic Portal System

64
Q

The inability of the left ventricle to pump blood adequately to the body’s cells is indicative of ________________.

A

Congestive Heart Failure

65
Q

A condition in which there is a congenital predisposition for a ruptured aorta is _____________.

A

Marfan Syndrome

66
Q

Which membrane is closest to the heart muscle?

A

Visceral Pericardium

67
Q

How many openings are there in the right atrium?

A

4

68
Q

The _____ valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle.

A

Tricuspid

69
Q

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents a backflow of blood into the _____.

A

Right Ventricle

70
Q

The aortic semilunar valve prevents blood from returning to the _____.

A

Left Ventricle

71
Q

Which structure contains the lowest amount of oxygen?

A

Vena Cava

72
Q 
Cardiac output can be determined by which of the following formulas?
A) HR - SV
B) HR ÷ by SV
C) HR + SV
D) HR x SV
A

HR x SV (beat per minute X blood volume per beat)

73
Q

The central cardiac control region is in the _____ of the brain.

A

Medulla Oblongata

74
Q

The T wave of an electrocardiogram represents which event?

A

Ventricular Repolarization

75
Q

A heartbeat of less than 60 beats per minute is called _____.

A

Bradycardia

76
Q

The blood in the pulmonary arteries has a relatively high carbon dioxide concentration. T/F?

A

True

77
Q

Patients complain of diaphoresis, which is difficulty breathing, during a myocardial infarction. T/F?

A

False

78
Q

The coronary circulation has a rich array of anastomoses between its arteries and veins. T/F?

A

False

79
Q

Pressure within the atria is greatest when the ventricles are relaxing and the atria are contracting. T/F?

A

True

80
Q

As the ventricles contract, the pressure in them exceeds the pressure in the atria. T/F?

A

True

81
Q

A murmur is a heart sound heard when the valves do not close sufficiently. T/F?

A

True

82
Q

A functional syncytium occurs when one cardiac muscle cell causes the ones around to inhibit their beat. T/F?

A

False

83
Q

An injection of acetylcholine into the heart could decrease the rate of the heart. T/F?

A

True

84
Q

The sympathetic nervous system usually has the effect of increasing heart rate. T/F?

A

True

85
Q

The electrocardiogram tracing is a measurement of the contraction sequences of the heart. T/F?

A

False

86
Q

Either hyperkalemia or hypokalemia could cause an irregular heart rhythm. T/F?

A

True

87
Q

An increase in blood calcium or hypercalcemia can cause the heart to increase its pressure and have a prolonged QRS interval. T/F?

A

True

88
Q

A slow heart rate that is diagnosed as a bradycardia condition always is abnormal and should be treated. T/F?

A

False

89
Q

The technique called defibrillation is the application of an electric current to the chest wall with the desired effect of directly stabilizing the abnormal heart rhythm. T/F?

A

False

90
Q

Vasoconstriction of a blood vessel causes an increase in blood pressure. T/F?

A

False

91
Q

The control of blood flow to a specific area is related to the amount of oxygen present. T/F?

A

True

92
Q

Normally the hydrostatic pressure of the blood exceeds its osmotic pressure which causes a loss of fluids into the tissue spaces. T/F?

A

True

93
Q

Ankle edema or ascites is caused by an abnormal increase in blood osmotic pressure. T/F?

A

False

94
Q

A decrease in stroke volume will cause a drop in blood pressure and a drop in heart rate will also result in a pressure decrease. T/F?

A

False

95
Q

Starling’s law of the heart states that the force of a heart chamber decreases when the chamber is full. T/F?

A

False

96
Q

A dilation in a vein is called a varicosity. T/F?

A

True

97
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone released from the heart in response to low blood pressure. T/F?

A

False

98
Q

The vasomotor center in the medulla regulates blood pressure by altering the diameters of blood vessels throughout the body. T/F?

A

True

99
Q

Hypertension is related to an increased risk for developing a heart attack, stroke or obesity. T/F?

A

False

100
Q

Pulmonary edema may be caused by damage to the heart that has weakened the left ventricle. T/F?

A

True

101
Q

The circle of Willis represents an anastomosis of blood vessels supplying the cranial cavity and brain. T/F?

A

True

102
Q

Most of the average adult heart lies to the left of the midline. T/F?

A

True

103
Q

Pericardial fluid is serous and allows the heart to beat without friction in the pericardial sac. T/F?

A

True

104
Q

The right and left sides of the heart are separated by the interventricular septum. T/F?

A

False

105
Q

Blood in all veins is relatively low in oxygen. T/F?

A

False

106
Q

When an atrium is in systole the ventricle is in diastole.

T/F?

A

True

Physiology & Anatomy (19 decks)

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