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Physiology & Anatomy > Chapter 11 Test Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A cranial dural sinus contains which type of fluid?

A

Venous blood

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2
Q

Most of the cerebrospinal fluid is found in the _____.

A

Subarachnoid space

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3
Q

The _____ extension of the dura mater that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres.

A

Falx Cerebelli

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4
Q

To minimize trauma, a spinal tap is properly done below the level of _____.

A

L3

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5
Q

The cerebral hemispheres are connected by a large white fiber pathway called the _____.

A

Corpus Callosum

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6
Q

Broca’s motor area is primarily concerned with _____.

A

Speech

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7
Q

Broca’s area is usually in the _____ area of the _____.

A

Left ; Frontal Lobe

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8
Q

Loss of the ability to speak is always related to _____.

A

Aphasia

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9
Q

The precentral gyrus is involved with _____ activites.

A

Motor

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10
Q

The infundibulum is a narrow part of the _____.

A

Pituitary

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11
Q 
Which of the following is an area of decussation?
A) optic tract
B) optic chiasma
C) optic nerve
D) olfactory tract
A

Optic Chiasma

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12
Q

Sensory impulses are screened and relayed to higher centers by the _____ region.

A

Thalamus

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13
Q 
Of the following, the area that has the greatest effect on visceral functions such as heart rate and hormone production is the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) cerebellum
D) midbrain
A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

Most integration of the sex and food drive behaviors is accomplished through the _____ areas.

A

Limbic System

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15
Q

The area that coordinates visual reflexes is the _____.

A

Superior Colliculus

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16
Q 
The following are plexus names except which one?
A) cervical
B) thoracic
C) lumbar
D) brachial
A

Thoracic

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17
Q

The phrenic nerve arises from the _____ plexus.

A

Cervical

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18
Q

The largest and longest nerve in the body is the _____.

A

Sciatic

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19
Q 
The following belong together except which one?
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) chain ganglia
D) paravertebral ganglia
A

Parasympathetic

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20
Q

Sympathetic nerves arise from _____ and _____ regions.

A

Thoracic ; Lumbar

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21
Q

_____ is an inflammation of the brain coverings.

A

Meningitis

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22
Q

The right and left gray matter areas of the spinal cord are connected by the _____.

A

Gray Commissure

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23
Q

The _____ is the most inferior area of the spinal cord.

A

Conus Medullaris

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24
Q

The _____ tract is motor in nature.

A

Corticospinal

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25
Q

At what level do the majority of nerve fibers cross from the right to the left?

A

Medulla

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26
Q

The term, which means crossing over, is _____.

A

Decussation

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27
Q

Lou Gehrig’s disease can also be called _____.

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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28
Q

The main symptom of upper motor neuron syndrome is _____.

A

Spastic Paralysis

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29
Q

The brain contains about how many fibers and neurons?

A

100 billion

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30
Q

Initially, the developing forebrain is called the _____.

A

Prosencephelon

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31
Q

Pyramidal cells are located in the _____ region.

A

Corpus Callosum

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32
Q

The junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital association areas is called the _____.

A

General Interpretative Areas

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33
Q

Right and Left hemisphere memories are connected by the _____.

A

Corpus Callosum

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34
Q

The main difference between a CVA and TIA is that a CVA _____.

A

Involves some permanent damage

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35
Q

A blow to the skull causes a _____ when the person looses consciousness.

A

Concussion

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36
Q

What is the term for lack of blood flow?

A

Ischemia

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37
Q

Short-term memory seems to be processed in the _____ and frontal lobe areas.

A

Hippocampus

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38
Q

The inability to perform a simple task such as picking up a quarter, is related to _____.

A

Apraxia

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39
Q 
Which of these terms does NOT belong with the others?
A) sensory
B) motor
C) dorsal root
D) posterior cord
A

Motor

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40
Q 
The following are basal nuclei terms except which one?
A) caudate nucleus
B) putamen
C) hippocampus
D) globus pallidus
A

Hippocampus

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41
Q

The basal nuclei are mainly related to _____ functions.

A

Motor

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42
Q

The interventricular foramen connects the _____.

A

lateral to third ventricle

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43
Q

The third ventricle is located around and near the _____.

A

Thalamus

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44
Q

The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the _____.

A

Choroid Plexus

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45
Q

On the average, nearly _____ ml of CSF are produced daily.

A

500

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46
Q 
Which of the following is NOT normally a part of cerebrospinal fluid?
A) glucose
B) electrolytes
C) Na+
D) erythrocytes
A

Erythrocytes

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47
Q

Reabsorption of CSF occurs from the _____ into the dural sinuses.

A

Arachnoid Granulations

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48
Q

The following are true of CSF except which one?
A) is produced by choroid plexuses
B) transports glucose and other brain nutrients
C) flows under high pressure
D) found in all ventricles

A

Flows under high pressure

49
Q

A spinal cord CSF sample is usually taken from the _____.

A

Lumbar Subarachnoid Space

50
Q

The _____ has the main centers for breathing reflexes.

A

Medulla

51
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center?
A) thirst center
B) cardiac
C) vasomotor
D) respiratory
A

Thirst Center

52
Q

The _____ acts to keep one aroused and awake.

A

Reticular Formation

53
Q 
The following are true of the cerebellum except which one?
A) has lobes connected by the vermis
B) controls voluntary movements
C) controls involuntary movements
D) has the arbor vitae pathways
A

Controls Voluntary Movements

54
Q

The cranial nerve directly involved with swallowing is the _____.

A

IX

55
Q 
Eye movement is brought about by all of these except \_\_\_\_\_.
A) ophthalmic nerve
B) IV
C) III
D) abducens
A

Ophthalmic Nerve

56
Q

Tic douloureux is facial pain traveling through the _____ nerve.

A

Trigeminal

57
Q

The longest autonomic nerve is the _____.

A

Vagus

58
Q

The _____ nerve is a branch of the VIII cranial nerve.

A

Cochlear

59
Q

An area of skin innervated by sensory nerves is a _____

A

Dermatome

60
Q

Norepinephrine is released from _____ nerves.

A

Sympathetic Postganglionic

61
Q 
The following could occur together effectively except which?
A) increase heart rate
B) sweating
C) digestion
D) pupil dilation
A

Digestion (adrenaline effects)

62
Q

In which portion of the spinal cord do the interneurons lie?

A

Gray Matter

63
Q

Which tract would be most likely to carry sensory impulses from the skin and joints to the brain?

A

Fasciculus Gracilis

64
Q

The following statements all regard reflexes. Choose the statement that is incorrect.
A) Reflexes are automatic, subconscious responses.
B) Reflexes involve at least three neurons and all arcs through the spinal cord.
C) The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.
D) Sometimes reflexes are carried out properly because of innervation.

A

Reflexes involve at least three neurons and all arcs through the spinal cord.

65
Q

The embryonic hindbrain gives rise to what structures in the brain?

A

Cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

66
Q

When a person thinks and solves problems, which area of the cerebrum is involved?

A

Frontal Lobe

67
Q

The _____ is a portion of the brain that maintains homeostasis by linking activities of the endocrine and nervous system together.

A

Hypothalamus

68
Q

What kind of peripheral nerve fiber carries motor impulses outward to smooth muscles and glands of internal organs?

A

General Visceral Efferent Fibers

69
Q

The smallest pair of cranial nerves that arise from the midbrain and carry motor impulses to the superior oblique muscles of the eye are the _____ nerves.

A

Trochlear

70
Q

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is characterized by each of these except which one?
A) Preganglionic fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
B) Terminal ganglia are located close to effector organs.
C) Preganglionic fibers are myelinated; postganglionic fibers are not.
D) Parasympatheic postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine

A

Preganglionic fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

71
Q

Partial or complete inability to coordinate voluntary movements is also referred to as _____.

A

Ataxia

72
Q

Which structures would NOT be innervated by the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Skeletal Muscle

73
Q

The connective tissue closest to the single neuron is the _____.

A

Endoneurium

74
Q

The cell body of all somatic sensory neurons is located within the _____.

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion

75
Q 
Which term should be last in this reflex sequence?
A) sensory neuron
B) motor neuron
C) effector
D) receptor
A

Effector

76
Q

Parkinson disease tremors are the result of which condition?

A

Dopamine Deficiency

77
Q

The connection between the third and fourth ventricle is called the _____.

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

78
Q

Breathing centers accessory to the medulla oblongata are located in which brain area?

A

Pons

79
Q

Which brain area acts to regulate body tempurature?

A

Hypothalamus

80
Q

Which brain area acts to screen all incoming sensory data except for smell?

A

Thalamus

81
Q

Emotional responses and attitudes are associated with which brain area?

A

Limbic System

82
Q

The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the _____.

A

Corpus Callosum

83
Q

All spinal tracts must pass through the medulla oblongata. T/F?

A

True

84
Q

The ventricles are solid regions of the embryonic brain. T/F?

A

False

85
Q

The telecephalon develops into the cerebellum. T/F?

A

False

86
Q

The myelencephalon becomes the medulla oblongata. T/F?

A

True

87
Q

The cerebral aqueduct passes through the cerebellum. T/F?

A

False

88
Q

Anencephaly is a condition in which the brain fails to develop. T/F?

A

True

89
Q

Spina Bifida is a condition of incomplete closure of the posterior parts of the spinal cord T/F?

A

True

90
Q

A gyrus is a shallow groove in the brain surface. T/F?

A

False

91
Q

The cerebral cortex contains 50% of the cell bodies in the nervous system. T/F?

A

False

92
Q

Movements of the right arm and right eye are controlled by neurons in the left cerebral hemisphere. T/F?

A

False

93
Q

Higher mental skills are associated mainly with the association areas of the frontal lobes. T/F?

A

True

94
Q

Language abilities area mainly a right hemisphere phenomenon. T/F?

A

False

95
Q

Long-term memory is related to functions of the hippocampus. T/F?

A

True

96
Q

The basal nuclei mainly function to stimulate and control motor movements. T/F?

A

False

97
Q

The tremors in Parkinsons disease are caused by a deficiency of dopamine activity. T/F?

A

True

98
Q

Huntington’s disease usually has symptoms of hypokinesia, or reduced movements. T/F?

A

False (more not reduced)

99
Q

A lumbar puncture can be referred to as a spinal tap. T/F?

A

True

100
Q

Hydrocephalus usually results in a reduction of ICP. T/F?

A

False (increased)

101
Q

The axillary nerves arise from the brachial plexus. T/F?

A

True

102
Q

The autonomic nervous system is voluntary in nature. T/F?

A

False

103
Q

The meninges cover the brain, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. T/F?

A

False

104
Q

Bleeding into the brain is called a subdural hematoma. T/F?

A

False (not only subdural)

105
Q

The vagus nerve is adrenergic in function. T/F?

A

False

106
Q

Norepinephrine stimulates alpha and beta receptors effectively the same. T/F?

A

True

107
Q

Somatic nerve fibers enter the area of the intestines. T/F?

A

False

108
Q

The reticular formation can dysfunction resulting in a come T/F?

A

True

109
Q

Dreaming ocurs during normal, non-REM sleep. T/F?

A

False

110
Q

Proper posture and balance are functions of the cerebellum. T/F?

A

True

111
Q

An isoelectric EEG can be an indicator of death. T/F?

A

True

112
Q

Olfactory nerves innervate the taste buds. T/F?

A

False

113
Q

There are 30 pairs of spinal nerves. T/F?

A

False (there’s 31)

114
Q

The dorsal roots are sensory in nature. T/F?

A

True

115
Q

The withdrawal reflex is an example of a contralateral reflex. T/F?

A

False

116
Q

Connections o the brain are required in order to have a reflex such as a knee-jerk. T/F?

A

False (reflex usually happens before signals get to brain)

117
Q

The term gray matter is used to describe the appearance of myelinated nerved fibers. T/F?

A

False

118
Q

Connections between neurons are mainly found within the central white matter portion of the spinal cord. T/F?

A

False

119
Q

Persons are usually NOT aware that reflexes are occurring, because they are involuntary. T/F?

A

False

Physiology & Anatomy (19 decks)

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