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Physiology & Anatomy > Chapter 19 Test Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract?
A) lungs
B) trachea
C) bronchi
D) pharynx
A

Pharynx

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2
Q

The internal nares will open into the _____.

A

Nasopharynx

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3
Q

The olfactory nerves pass through openings in the _____.

A

Cribriform Plate

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4
Q

Most of the respiratory passage surface is lined with _____.

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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5
Q

The tissue lining the alveoli is _____ epithelium.

A

Simple Squamous

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6
Q

How many alveoli are there in an average adult lung?

A

300,000,000 (300 mill)

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7
Q

Gas is exchanged in the alveoli by a process of _____.

A

Simple Diffusion

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8
Q

What is the entrance into the lungs called?

A

Hilus

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9
Q

The pleural cavity is the space between the lung and _____.

A

Parietal Pleura

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10
Q 
Which of these is NOT a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
A) emphysema
B) asthma
C) lung cancer
D) bronchitis
A

Lung Cancer

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11
Q

Which mechanism prevents over-inflation of the lungs?

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

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12
Q 
Which is the most common cause of hyperventilation?
A) low pH
B) high pH
C) anxiety
D) high carbon dioxide
A

Anxiety

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13
Q 
Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) argon
D) nitrogen
A

Nitrogen

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14
Q

What is the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen?

A

160 mm Hg

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15
Q

What is the normal PCO2 of the capillary blood?

A

45 mm Hg

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16
Q

Which of these functions cannot be attributed to the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity?
A) warms incoming air
B) filters particles from incoming air
C) moistens incoming air
D) initial gas exchange between air and blood occurs here

A

Initial gas exchange between air and blood occurs here

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17
Q

The ____________ cartilage(s) mark(s) the lowermost portion of the larynx.

A

Cricoid

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18
Q

The true vocal cords are those that produce the sounds of the human voice. Where are these located?

A

Inferior to the false vocal cords

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19
Q

Thin-walled outpouchings of the alveolar ducts of the lungs are the ___________________.

A

Alveolar Sacs

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20
Q

The primary force responsible for air moving into the lungs during inhalation is _________________.

A

Atmospheric Pressure

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21
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a property of the mucous lining of the respiratory tract?
A) warms incoming air
B) contains microvilli
C) contains cilia
D) cleanses particles
A

Contains Microvilli

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22
Q 
Which of the following does NOT contain a sinus?
A) frontal bone
B) ethmoid
C) zygomatic bone
D) sphenoid bone
A

Zygomatic Bone

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23
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

A

Oropharynx

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24
Q

The true vocal cords move because they are attached to the ______ cartilage.

A

Arytenoid

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25
Q

C-shaped pieces of cartilage are found within the _____.

A

Trachea

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26
Q

The carina separates the _____ from each other.

A

Primary Bronchi

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27
Q

There are _____ secondary bronchi?

A

5

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28
Q

The bronchioles enter the _____ of the lungs.

A

Lobules

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29
Q

The functional gas exchanging units are termed _____.

A

Alveoli

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30
Q

The relative amount of smooth muscle is highest in the _____.

A

Bronchioles

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31
Q

The main function of the pleural membranes is to _____.

A

Reduce Friction

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32
Q

Atmospheric pressure is around _____ mmHg.

A

760

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33
Q

The movement of air within the respiratory system is correctly referred to as _____.

A

Ventilation

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34
Q

What prevents the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation?

A

Surfactant

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35
Q

The main force causing the exhalation of air is the _____.

A

Elastic Recoil

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36
Q

During inspiration the intra-alveolar pressure reaches _____.

A

758 mmHg

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37
Q

A pneumothorax occurs when the thoracic pleural pressure reaches around _____ mmHg.

A

760

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38
Q

The _____ muscle can cause a forced exhalation.

A

Internal Intercostal

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39
Q

The amount of air that enters the lungs during normal, restful breathing is called the _____.

A

Tidal Volume

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40
Q

The amount of air that cannot be expelled is the _____.

A

Residual Volume

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41
Q

The total amount of air that cannot be exchanged either because of disease or because it cannot reach an exchange site is termed the _____.

A

Physiologic dead space

42
Q

The condition characterized by alveolar fibrosis with difficulty exhaling is _____.

A

Emphysema

43
Q

The condition characterized by difficulty breathing due to an allergic response is _____.

A

Bronchial Asthma

44
Q 
Non-respiratory movements are most easily triggered by stimuli in which of these areas?
A) larynx
B) alveoli
C) distal bronchioles
D) alveolar ducts
A

Larynx

45
Q

Which reflex involves a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm?

A

Hiccup

46
Q

Which reflex is caused by local alveolar decreases in oxygen content?

A

Yawn

47
Q

Breathing is mainly controlled by the _____.

A

Medulla Oblongata

48
Q

Which area exerts its effect on the primary breathing control areas?

A

Pneumotaxic area of pons

49
Q 
Which of the following factors favors an increase in breathing rate?
A) increased blood oxygen
B) increased blood carbon dioxide
C) increased pH
D) decreased acidity
A

Increased blood carbon dioxide

50
Q

What is the normal PO2 of the alveolar air?

A

104 mmHg

51
Q

Where is the highest amount of carbon dioxide found?

A

The arteries entering the lung

52
Q

Which condition is characterized by inflammation and infection involving the alveoli?

A

Pneumonia

53
Q

Most of the oxygen in the blood is found in the _____.

A

Hemoglobin

54
Q

At high PO2 levels, where is most oxygen located?

A

Oxyhemoglobin

55
Q 
Which of the following factors favors a release of oxygen from hemoglobin?
A) decreased CO2
B) decreased pH
C) lower blood temperature
D) increased pH
A

Decreased PH

56
Q 
Which of these has the highest affinity for hemoglobin?
A) CO2
B) nitrogen
C) O2
D) CO
A

CO

57
Q

How is most carbon dioxide transported?

A

As bicarbonate

58
Q

The most important factor that allows the blood to carry carbon dioxide in high amounts is _____.

A

carbonic anhydrase

59
Q

The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body is called _________________.

A

Internal Respiration

60
Q

The lipoprotein known as _____________ reduces surface tension within the alveoli so they do NOT collapse during exhalation.

A

Surfactant

61
Q

The force of exhalation is primarily due to _____________________.

A

Elastic recoil of lung tissue

62
Q

Even after the most forceful exhalation, a certain volume of air remains in the lungs. This volume is called the ________________.

A

Residual Volume

63
Q

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible is the _________________.

A

Vital Capacity

64
Q

The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by which portion of the brain?

A

Dorsal respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center

65
Q

The respiratory membrane, across which gases diffuse, is very thin and is made up of _______________.

A

Alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes

66
Q

The diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood is dependent upon _______________.

A

The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs and in the blood

67
Q 
What is the first structure in this respiratory sequence?
A) lungs
B) trachea
C) larynx
D) pharynx
A

Pharynx

68
Q

Which structures play the greatest role in warming and humidifying air?

A

Conchae

69
Q

The area directly superior to the soft palate is the _____.

A

Nasopharynx

70
Q

Which passageway serves as a common route for food or air?

A

Oropharynx

71
Q

What is the opening to the larynx called?

A

Glottis

72
Q

What is the Adam’s apple directly part of?

A

Thyroid Cartilage

73
Q

Which part of the bronchial tree has the greatest relative percentage of smooth muscle fibers?

A

Bronchioles

74
Q

The only structures that allow gas diffusion across them are the _____.

A

Alveoli

75
Q

The space between the two lungs is called the _____.

A

Mediastinum

76
Q

What are the most powerful stimuli for breathing?

A

Low pH; High CO2

77
Q

During inspiration the diaphragm moves upward while the thorax expands and moves outward. T/F?

A

False

78
Q

When the diaphragm contracts; the pressure within the thoracic cavity decreases. T/F?

A

True

79
Q

The compliance of the lung increases as the lungs expand. T/F?

A

False

80
Q

The anatomical dead space represents the air that is trapped in the alveoli and is around 150mL. T/F?

A

False

81
Q

The alveolar dead space is a volume of air that cannot cross the alveoli because of a disease process. T/F?

A

True

82
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma is a lung cancer that has spread or metastasized from some outside organ. T/F?

A

False

83
Q

The alveolar ventilation rate is usually less than the minute respiratory volume. T/F?

A

True

84
Q

There are chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies which are very sensitive to fluctuations in the levels of blood oxygen. T/F?

A

False

85
Q

Decreasing blood oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide cause the major increases seen in breathing rate during strenuous exercise. T/F?

A

False

86
Q

Hyperventilation causes its symptoms mainly because it results in respiratory acidosis. T/F?

A

False

87
Q

The respiratory membrane is the simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli. T/F?

A

False

88
Q

There are phagocytic cells within the lungs that move among the alveoli to remove foreign particles. T/F?

A

True

89
Q

If the alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 45 mm Hg, carbon dioxide would not readily diffuse into the air. T/F?

A

True

90
Q

The PO2 in the pulmonary veins is less than the PO2 in the alveolar air. T/F?

A

True

91
Q

Retrolental fibroplasia develops in an infant who does not have sufficient blood oxygen. T/F?

A

False

92
Q

ARDS is a condition of lung collapse or atelectasis in a newborn. T/F?

A

False

93
Q

At high altitudes it is difficult to breathe because the air has a lower percent of oxygen. T/F?

A

False

94
Q

Oxygen dissociates faster from hemoglobin during exercise. T/F?

A

True

95
Q

Carbon dioxide and oxygen compete for binding sites with the hemoglobin. T/F?

A

False

96
Q

When swallowing, the soft palate would have to move downward in order to prevent food from entering the lungs. T/F?

A

False

97
Q

In order to maintain homeostasis, chloride ions follow as bicarbonate moves out of the erythrocyte. T/F?

A

False

98
Q

The main purpose for cellular oxygen is to provide a means of producing most of the cell energy. T/F?

A

True

99
Q

The smooth muscle within the vocal cords allows them to change their tension for vocalization. T/F?

A

False

100
Q

The trachea contains rings of cartilage that surround the windpipe to keep it rigid. T/F?

A

False

101
Q

The lungs contain a ciliated mucous lining that helps remove foreign particles from them. T/F?

A

False

102
Q

The respiratory membrane is comprised of the two layers of the alveoli. T/F?

A

False

Physiology & Anatomy (19 decks)

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