Chapter 19 Test Questions Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract? A) lungs B) trachea C) bronchi D) pharynx
A
Pharynx
2
Q
The internal nares will open into the _____.
A
Nasopharynx
3
Q
The olfactory nerves pass through openings in the _____.
A
Cribriform Plate
4
Q
Most of the respiratory passage surface is lined with _____.
A
pseudostratified epithelium
5
Q
The tissue lining the alveoli is _____ epithelium.
A
Simple Squamous
6
Q
How many alveoli are there in an average adult lung?
A
300,000,000 (300 mill)
7
Q
Gas is exchanged in the alveoli by a process of _____.
A
Simple Diffusion
8
Q
What is the entrance into the lungs called?
A
Hilus
9
Q
The pleural cavity is the space between the lung and _____.
A
Parietal Pleura
10
Q
Which of these is NOT a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A) emphysema B) asthma C) lung cancer D) bronchitis
A
Lung Cancer
11
Q
Which mechanism prevents over-inflation of the lungs?
A
Hering-Breuer reflex
12
Q
Which is the most common cause of hyperventilation? A) low pH B) high pH C) anxiety D) high carbon dioxide
A
Anxiety
13
Q
Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? A) oxygen B) carbon dioxide C) argon D) nitrogen
A
Nitrogen
14
Q
What is the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen?
A
160 mm Hg
15
Q
What is the normal PCO2 of the capillary blood?
A
45 mm Hg
16
Q
Which of these functions cannot be attributed to the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity?
A) warms incoming air
B) filters particles from incoming air
C) moistens incoming air
D) initial gas exchange between air and blood occurs here
A
Initial gas exchange between air and blood occurs here
17
Q
The ____________ cartilage(s) mark(s) the lowermost portion of the larynx.
A
Cricoid
18
Q
The true vocal cords are those that produce the sounds of the human voice. Where are these located?
A
Inferior to the false vocal cords
19
Q
Thin-walled outpouchings of the alveolar ducts of the lungs are the ___________________.
A
Alveolar Sacs
20
Q
The primary force responsible for air moving into the lungs during inhalation is _________________.
A
Atmospheric Pressure
21
Q
Which of the following is NOT a property of the mucous lining of the respiratory tract? A) warms incoming air B) contains microvilli C) contains cilia D) cleanses particles
A
Contains Microvilli
22
Q
Which of the following does NOT contain a sinus? A) frontal bone B) ethmoid C) zygomatic bone D) sphenoid bone
A
Zygomatic Bone
23
Q
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
A
Oropharynx
24
Q
The true vocal cords move because they are attached to the ______ cartilage.
A
Arytenoid
25
C-shaped pieces of cartilage are found within the _____.
Trachea
26
The carina separates the _____ from each other.
Primary Bronchi
27
There are _____ secondary bronchi?
5
28
The bronchioles enter the _____ of the lungs.
Lobules
29
The functional gas exchanging units are termed _____.
Alveoli
30
The relative amount of smooth muscle is highest in the _____.
Bronchioles
31
The main function of the pleural membranes is to _____.
Reduce Friction
32
Atmospheric pressure is around _____ mmHg.
760
33
The movement of air within the respiratory system is correctly referred to as _____.
Ventilation
34
What prevents the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation?
Surfactant
35
The main force causing the exhalation of air is the _____.
Elastic Recoil
36
During inspiration the intra-alveolar pressure reaches _____.
758 mmHg
37
A pneumothorax occurs when the thoracic pleural pressure reaches around _____ mmHg.
760
38
The _____ muscle can cause a forced exhalation.
Internal Intercostal
39
The amount of air that enters the lungs during normal, restful breathing is called the _____.
Tidal Volume
40
The amount of air that cannot be expelled is the _____.
Residual Volume
41
The total amount of air that cannot be exchanged either because of disease or because it cannot reach an exchange site is termed the _____.
Physiologic dead space
42
The condition characterized by alveolar fibrosis with difficulty exhaling is _____.
Emphysema
43
The condition characterized by difficulty breathing due to an allergic response is _____.
Bronchial Asthma
44
```
Non-respiratory movements are most easily triggered by stimuli in which of these areas?
A) larynx
B) alveoli
C) distal bronchioles
D) alveolar ducts
```
Larynx
45
Which reflex involves a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm?
Hiccup
46
Which reflex is caused by local alveolar decreases in oxygen content?
Yawn
47
Breathing is mainly controlled by the _____.
Medulla Oblongata
48
Which area exerts its effect on the primary breathing control areas?
Pneumotaxic area of pons
49
```
Which of the following factors favors an increase in breathing rate?
A) increased blood oxygen
B) increased blood carbon dioxide
C) increased pH
D) decreased acidity
```
Increased blood carbon dioxide
50
What is the normal PO2 of the alveolar air?
104 mmHg
51
Where is the highest amount of carbon dioxide found?
The arteries entering the lung
52
Which condition is characterized by inflammation and infection involving the alveoli?
Pneumonia
53
Most of the oxygen in the blood is found in the _____.
Hemoglobin
54
At high PO2 levels, where is most oxygen located?
Oxyhemoglobin
55
```
Which of the following factors favors a release of oxygen from hemoglobin?
A) decreased CO2
B) decreased pH
C) lower blood temperature
D) increased pH
```
Decreased PH
56
```
Which of these has the highest affinity for hemoglobin?
A) CO2
B) nitrogen
C) O2
D) CO
```
CO
57
How is most carbon dioxide transported?
As bicarbonate
58
The most important factor that allows the blood to carry carbon dioxide in high amounts is _____.
carbonic anhydrase
59
The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body is called _________________.
Internal Respiration
60
The lipoprotein known as _____________ reduces surface tension within the alveoli so they do NOT collapse during exhalation.
Surfactant
61
The force of exhalation is primarily due to _____________________.
Elastic recoil of lung tissue
62
Even after the most forceful exhalation, a certain volume of air remains in the lungs. This volume is called the ________________.
Residual Volume
63
The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible is the _________________.
Vital Capacity
64
The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by which portion of the brain?
Dorsal respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
65
The respiratory membrane, across which gases diffuse, is very thin and is made up of _______________.
Alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes
66
The diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood is dependent upon _______________.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs and in the blood
67
```
What is the first structure in this respiratory sequence?
A) lungs
B) trachea
C) larynx
D) pharynx
```
Pharynx
68
Which structures play the greatest role in warming and humidifying air?
Conchae
69
The area directly superior to the soft palate is the _____.
Nasopharynx
70
Which passageway serves as a common route for food or air?
Oropharynx
71
What is the opening to the larynx called?
Glottis
72
What is the Adam's apple directly part of?
Thyroid Cartilage
73
Which part of the bronchial tree has the greatest relative percentage of smooth muscle fibers?
Bronchioles
74
The only structures that allow gas diffusion across them are the _____.
Alveoli
75
The space between the two lungs is called the _____.
Mediastinum
76
What are the most powerful stimuli for breathing?
Low pH; High CO2
77
During inspiration the diaphragm moves upward while the thorax expands and moves outward. T/F?
False
78
When the diaphragm contracts; the pressure within the thoracic cavity decreases. T/F?
True
79
The compliance of the lung increases as the lungs expand. T/F?
False
80
The anatomical dead space represents the air that is trapped in the alveoli and is around 150mL. T/F?
False
81
The alveolar dead space is a volume of air that cannot cross the alveoli because of a disease process. T/F?
True
82
Bronchogenic carcinoma is a lung cancer that has spread or metastasized from some outside organ. T/F?
False
83
The alveolar ventilation rate is usually less than the minute respiratory volume. T/F?
True
84
There are chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies which are very sensitive to fluctuations in the levels of blood oxygen. T/F?
False
85
Decreasing blood oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide cause the major increases seen in breathing rate during strenuous exercise. T/F?
False
86
Hyperventilation causes its symptoms mainly because it results in respiratory acidosis. T/F?
False
87
The respiratory membrane is the simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli. T/F?
False
88
There are phagocytic cells within the lungs that move among the alveoli to remove foreign particles. T/F?
True
89
If the alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 45 mm Hg, carbon dioxide would not readily diffuse into the air. T/F?
True
90
The PO2 in the pulmonary veins is less than the PO2 in the alveolar air. T/F?
True
91
Retrolental fibroplasia develops in an infant who does not have sufficient blood oxygen. T/F?
False
92
ARDS is a condition of lung collapse or atelectasis in a newborn. T/F?
False
93
At high altitudes it is difficult to breathe because the air has a lower percent of oxygen. T/F?
False
94
Oxygen dissociates faster from hemoglobin during exercise. T/F?
True
95
Carbon dioxide and oxygen compete for binding sites with the hemoglobin. T/F?
False
96
When swallowing, the soft palate would have to move downward in order to prevent food from entering the lungs. T/F?
False
97
In order to maintain homeostasis, chloride ions follow as bicarbonate moves out of the erythrocyte. T/F?
False
98
The main purpose for cellular oxygen is to provide a means of producing most of the cell energy. T/F?
True
99
The smooth muscle within the vocal cords allows them to change their tension for vocalization. T/F?
False
100
The trachea contains rings of cartilage that surround the windpipe to keep it rigid. T/F?
False
101
The lungs contain a ciliated mucous lining that helps remove foreign particles from them. T/F?
False
102
The respiratory membrane is comprised of the two layers of the alveoli. T/F?
False
