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Physiology & Anatomy > Chapter 3 Test Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following are the smallest cells?
A) human ovum
B) red blood cells
C) white blood cells
D) smooth muscle
A

Red Blood Cells

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2
Q

Two Major parts of a cell are the nucleus and _____.

A

Membrane

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3
Q

The _____ proteins in a membrane function as enzymes.

A

Peripheral

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4
Q

The inside lining of the digestive tract is lined with cells that are held together by _____.

A

Tight Junctions

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5
Q

The _____ is the source of most of the cellular energy.

A

Mitochondrion

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6
Q

The _____ contain enzymes that are used to degrade foreign particles as well as cell structures.

A

Lysosomes

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7
Q

The _____ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction.

A

Centriole

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8
Q

The protein actin is found in _____, which results in some type of movement or contraction.

A

Microfilaments

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9
Q

The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is _____.

A

Meiosis

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10
Q

Chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial line during the _____ stag of division.

A

Metaphase

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11
Q

The _____ stage occurs when two daughter cells have completely formed.

A

Telophase

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12
Q

During hyperplasia, cells are dividing at a rapid rate and may progress towards a _____ state.

A

Cancerous

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13
Q

Which feature is not a characteristic of the cell membrane?
A) it is made up of a phospholipid monolayer
B) it can seal tiny breaks in itself
C) it is selectively permeable and can regulate passage of material through it
D) Many kinds of proteins are embedded in the membrane

A

It is made up of a phospholipid monolayer

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14
Q

The type of proteins that guide cells on the move in the bloodstream to their destination at a would site are _____.

A

Cell Adhesion Molecules

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15
Q

_____ provides both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from amino acid building blocks.

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q 
Choose the organelle that consists of microtubules and functions both in distributing chromosomes during cell division and in forming portions of cilia and flagella.
A) lysosome
B) mitochondria
C) vesicle
D) centrosome
A

Centrosome

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17
Q

In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur?

A

In the area of the nucleolus

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18
Q

By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane protein carrier from a region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration?

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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19
Q

In the liver, the _____ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs.

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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20
Q

A ribosome is an example of a _____.

A

Organelle

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21
Q

A cell membrane allows only needed substances to pass and is therefore called _____.

A

Selective

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22
Q 
A human cell membrane is comprised of the following except which one?
A) lipids
B) proteins
C) carbohydrates
D) nucleic acids
A

Nucleic Acids

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23
Q 
The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane except which one?
A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) amino acids
D) certain lipids
A

Amino Acids

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24
Q

Hormones come in contact with the _____ molecules in a membrane.

A

Rod-like protein

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25
Q

The cells in heart muscle are often held together by areas called _____.

A

Gap Junctions

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26
Q

The _____ contains enzymes that are associated with protein synthesis.

A

Ribosome

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27
Q

The _____ functions to package molecules into vesicles that can be transported out of a cell.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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28
Q

A combination of sugar with a protein is a _____.

A

Glycoprotein

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29
Q

The _____ functions as a sac-like or tubular network of structures that provides transport.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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30
Q

The cristae are the inner portions of the _____.

A

Mitochondria

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31
Q

Catalase is an enzyme, which degrades _____.

A

Hydrogen Peroxide

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32
Q

The structures that cause fluids and mucus to move across their surface are the _____.

A

Cilia

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33
Q 
Which of the following human cells has a flagellum?
A) sperm
B) kidneys
C) intestine
D) testes
A

Sperm

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34
Q

Membranous sacs that contain fluids or particles for transport are called the _____.

A

Vesicles

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35
Q 
The following belong together except which one?
A) microtubule
B) microvilli
C) aid in DNA movement
D) compromise an internal skeleton
A

Microvilli

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36
Q

What is the term for chemical particles in a cell which appear lifeless and have no obvious function?

A

Inclusion

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37
Q 
The following are inclusions except which one?
A) glycogen
B) melanin
C) lipids
D) vesicles
A

Vesicles

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38
Q

The movement of particles from higher to lower concentration is termed _____.

A

Diffusion

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39
Q 
The following will increase the rate of diffusion except which factor?
A) increased temperature
B) increase concentration
C) increased molecular weight
D) shorter distances
A

Increased molecular weight

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40
Q

Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by _____.

A

Diffusion

41
Q

Membranes that have a higher osmotic pressure on one side tend to _____.

A

Draw water towards that side

42
Q

Hypertonic solutions tend to causes cells to _____.

A

Shrink

43
Q

Normal isotonic sodium chloride solution is _____%.

A

0.9%

44
Q

The movement of salt through a membrane, such as in a kidney, because of pressure differences is called _____.

A

Filtration

45
Q

Hydrostatic refers to pressure of _____.

A

The Solvent

46
Q

Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations is _____.

A

Active Transport

47
Q

The ability of leukocytes to engulf bacteria is due to the process of _____.

A

Phagocytosis

48
Q

In receptor-mediated endocytosis, an LDL particle of cholesterol is attracted to cells that contain _____.

A

Apoprotein-B Receptors

49
Q

As a result of mitosis, the number of chromosomes _____.

A

Is Doubled

50
Q

At which stages dos the chromosome number double?

A

Interphase

51
Q

Two chromatids area attached at the _____ region.

A

Centromere

52
Q

The centromeres divide during the _____ stage of mitosis.

A

Anaphase

53
Q

The process _____ explains how embryonic cells become specialized and diverse.

A

Differentiation

54
Q

The main division process in the early embryo is _____.

A

Mitosis

55
Q

Cancer cells can disseminate to other areas by a process called _____.

A

Metastasis

56
Q

Which channel-blocker medication can be used to treat hypertension or angina pectoris?

A

Calcium

57
Q

What type of cell is bacterium?

A

Prokaryotic

58
Q

The _____ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function.

A

Shape

59
Q

The _____ of the cell directs its overall activities as well as houses its genetic material.

A

Nucleus

60
Q

Molecules that are soluble in _____ can pass through the fatty acid portion of the cell membrane unassisted.

A

Lipids

61
Q

Cells use up to 40% of their daily energy expenditure engaged in what important process?

A

Active Transport

62
Q

During what phase of the cell cycle foes DNA replication occur?

A

S phase

63
Q

Chromosomes align midway between centrioles during what phase of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

64
Q

DNA can be found within chromosomes during division but prior to division DNA exists as long thin _____ strands.

A

Chromatin

65
Q

Which chemicals on the surface of cells function to attach to and recognize hormones?

A

Proteins

66
Q

The term _____ can be used to imply all of the chemical reactions within a cell.

A

Metabolism

67
Q

The cristae are structures found within the _____ organelle.

A

Mitochondrion

68
Q 
Which of the following does not belong with others?
A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) active transport
D) passive transport
A

Active Transport

69
Q

One mechanism in the skin that prevents cells from becoming loose and separating is the presence of junctions called desmosomes. T/F?

A

True

70
Q

A TEM device that is used to magnify a cell only about 1,000 times.

A

False

71
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a significant function in protein synthesis. T/F?

A

False

72
Q

Selectively permeable membranes allow proteins to pass through them selectively. T/F?

A

False

73
Q

Lysosomes degrade bacteria and worn cells, and can cause disease by destroying normal tissues. T/F?

A

True

74
Q

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical toxic to most cells and is produced by some human cells. T/F?

A

True

75
Q

Peroxisomes can play a role in the detoxification of alcohol. T/F?

A

True

76
Q

The centrioles are microtubules that play a significant role in ATP and energy production. T/F?

A

False

77
Q

The nucleus is an organelle enclosed in a double layer of membrane. T/F?

A

True

78
Q

The nucleolus functions mainly in the synthesis of DNA. T/F?

A

False

79
Q

Chromatin is the term for the loosely coiled appearance of DNA in a non-dividing cell. T/F?

A

True

80
Q

In the process of apoptosis, cells shrink and die but the basic structure of the organelles remains constant. T/F?

A

False

81
Q

DNA has chemicals that direct metabolic processes as well as reproduction. T/F?

A

True

82
Q

At the point of equilibrium, during diffusion, there is no further movement of any molecules. T/F?

A

False

83
Q

In general, the rate of diffusion of a molecule is faster in areas of higher concentration. T/F?

A

True

84
Q

The sugar added to a water solution is termed the solvent. T/F?

A

False

85
Q

During renal dialysis, a type of diffusion, it is possible to remove all of a metabolic waste such as urea, from the blood. T/F?

A

False

86
Q

Osmosis is the movement of water and can occur through any type of permeable membrane. T/F?

A

True

87
Q

During osmosis, water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to the side with the higher solute concentration. T/F?

A

True

88
Q

Osmosis is considered a spacial case of diffusion and is passive in nature. T/F?

A

True

89
Q

Cancer cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation that normal cells. T/F?

A

True

90
Q

There are many possible causes of cancer including viruses, radiation or exposure to chemicals. T/F?

A

True

91
Q

It is possible for an intravenous solution that is labeled isotonic, to be hypotonic to a patient. T/F?

A

True

92
Q

In active transport, energy is consumed by the cell membrane in the form of ATP. T/F?

A

True

93
Q

Endocytosis is a passive transport process. T/F?

A

False

94
Q

Bone cells contain genes for nerve cells that have been repressed. T/F?

A

True

95
Q

Ribosomes are comprised of RNA that has been synthesized directly by the nucleolus. T/F?

A

True

96
Q

Vesicles differ from vacuoles in that vesicles are usually produced for the purpose of causing something to leave the cell. T/F?

A

False

97
Q

The golgi apparatus plays a direct role in producing the complete cell membrane. T/F?

A

False

98
Q

Cells have the capability of synthesizing water during metabolism. T/F?

A

True

99
Q

Membranes are called selectively permeable because they allow most substances to enter the cell. T/F?

A

False

Physiology & Anatomy (19 decks)

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