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Physiology & Anatomy > Chapter 13 Test Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ system includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the blood.

A

Endocrine

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2
Q 
Which of the following glands does NOT belong to the endocrine system?
A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Parathyroid
D) Salivary
A

Salivary

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3
Q 
Which one of the following is NOT a chemical class of hormone?
A) protein
B) steroid
C) glycoprotein
D) carbohydrate
A

Carbohydrate

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4
Q 
Which of these is NOT a steroid?
A) adrenalin
B) cholesterol
C) progesterone
D) cortisone
A

Adrenaline

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5
Q 
Which factor is a direct cause of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?
A) prostaglandin
B) cortisone
C) cortisol
D) arachidonic acid
A

Prostaglandin

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6
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a property of prostaglandins?
A) regulate blood pressure
B) effect reproductive functions
C) influences kidney Na+ movement
D) all of these are functions
A

All of these are functions

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7
Q 
Which of the following is an examples of feedback inhibition?
A) Insulin lowers blood sugar
B) GH causes osteoblast division
C) PTH raises blood calcium levels
D) Low blood sugar inhibits insulin
A

Low blood sugar inhibits insulin

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8
Q

Releasing hormones are produced by the _____.

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Which hormone controls the ability to produce milk?

A

PRL

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10
Q 
Which of the following in NOT a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
A) loss of weight
B) protruding eyes
C) increased heart rate
D) increased ability to sleep
A

Increased ability to sleep

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11
Q 
Grave's disease can cause all of these except which one?
A) exophthalmos
B) a positive autoimmune test
C) general edema
D) intolerance to heat
A

General Edema

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12
Q

Which gland is assessed by the use of radioactive iodine?

A

Thyroid

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13
Q

The _____ directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin.

A

Parathormone

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14
Q

What is the most active form of vitamin D?

A

Dihydroxycholecalciferol (they’re all crazy answers; focus on di cause another answer will be exact same - the di)

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15
Q

What is the final factor in the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D?

A

Kidney Function

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16
Q

The _____ gland is important for producing immunity.

A

Thymus

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17
Q

Which gland produces a hormone, which stimulates the production of blood cells.

A

Kidney

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18
Q 
In the general stress syndrome, all of the following are increased EXCEPT which one?
A) blood sugar
B) heart rate
C) blood pressure
D) digestion
A

Digestion

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19
Q

Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is incorrect.
A) steroids are lipids with complex ring structures

B) steroids can pass through their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the nucleus

C) Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response

D) The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones

A

Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.

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20
Q

Prostaglandins are _____ substances that regulate neighboring cells.

A

Paracrine

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21
Q 
Which of the following is the precursor that will result in the synthesis of the others?
A) testosterone
B) cholesterol
C) vitamin D
D) estrogen
A

Cholesterol

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22
Q 
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) amine
B) epinephrine
C) cortisone
D) norepinephrine
A

Cortisone

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23
Q 
Which of these is NOT produces by the anterior pituitary?
A) ACTH
B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) somatostatin
D) somatotropin
A

Somatostatin (focus on statin)

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24
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a pancreatic hormone?
A) glucagon
B) aldosterone
C) insulin
D) somatostatin
A

Aldosterone

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25
Q 
Which of these compounds is produced first?
A) cAMP
B) protein kinases
C) adenylate cyclase
D) ATP
A

Adenylate Cyclase

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26
Q

Which factor inactivates and decreases the levels of cAMP?

A

Phosphodiesterase

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27
Q 
Which of the following does NOT employ cAMP second messegers?
A) cortisol
B) TSH
C) FSH
D) parathormone
A

Cortisol

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28
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a hormone function?
A) increase cellular oxygen consumption
B) cause osteoblasts to divide
C) convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts
D) alter genetic expression
A

Convert fibroblast to esteoblasts

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29
Q

Prostaglandins are _____ that affect various functions.

A

Lipids

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30
Q

The precursor molecule that produces all of the prostaglandins is _____.

A

Arachidonic Acid

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31
Q

What are releasing hormones from the hypothalamus secreted into?

A

Hypophyseal Portal Veins

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32
Q

Which part of the endocrine system has the major influence over other endocrine organs?

A

Hypothalamus

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33
Q 
Which of the following is an incorrect association?
A) somatotropes ; GH
B) Thyrotropes ; thyroxine
C) mammatropes ; PRL
D) gonadotropes ; GnRH
A

Thyrotropes ; thyroxine

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34
Q 
Which of the following directly stimulates mitosis?
A) insulin
B) somatotropin
C) corticotropin
D) growth hormone releasing hormone
A

Sometotropin

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35
Q 
Which of these will decrease the release of growth hormone?
A) high protein diet
B) GRH
C) low SS levels
D) poor nutrition
A

High Protein Diet

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36
Q

The cartilage of bones is stimulated by _____.

A

Insulin-like growth factor-1

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37
Q

The condition called _____ occurs in adulthood and is evidenced by thickened skull bones and distortions in the arms and hands.

A

Acromegaly

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38
Q

Which hormone can cause sterility in a male?

A

Prolactin

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39
Q

The hormone _____ causes the breast to increase its synthesis of milk.

A

PRL

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40
Q 
Which of the following is NOT produces by the anterior pituitary?
A) ACTH
B) FSH
C) ICSH
D) GnRH
A

GnRH

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41
Q

Oxytocin is most closely related chemically to _____.

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

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42
Q

ADH has the ability to increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and is therefore also called _____.

A

Vasopressin

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43
Q

Which hormone plays the greatest role in the contractions that occur in the uterus during labor?

A

Oxytocin

44
Q

Which hormone is the most closely involved with ovulation.

A

LH

45
Q

The ovary and _____ contain spherical collections of cells referred to as follicles.

A

Thyroid

46
Q

Which hormone exerts the greatest influence on metabolism?

A

Thyroxine

47
Q 
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) calcium
B) thyroxine
C) iodine
D) tyrosine
A

Calcium

48
Q 
Which of the following is NOT true of thyroxine?
A) needed for normal mental growth
B) increases carbohydrate utilization
C) decreases lipid synthesis
D) decreases protein synthesis
A

Decreases Protein Synthesis

49
Q 
Which of the following have the most potent effect on increasing metabolic rate?
A) thyroxine
B) thyroglobulin
C) triiodothyronine
D) alpha globulin
A

Triiodothyronine

50
Q 
Which of the following is NOT consistent with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?
A) fatigue
B) weakened bones
C) muscle cramps
D) increased blood calcium
A

Muscle Cramps

51
Q

Osteoporosis most likely results from _____.

A

Increased PTH secretion

52
Q 
Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of hormone synthesis in the adrenal medulla?
A) tyrosine
B) dopamine
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine
A

Epinephrine

53
Q 
Which of the following is NOT true of aldosterone?
A) secreted from the zona glomerulosa
B) decreases blood Na+ levels
C) stimulated by angiotensin II
D) raises blood volume
A

Decreases Blood Na+ Levels

54
Q 
Which of the following is the factor that initiates the other steps?
A) renin
B) angiotensin II
C) angiotensin-converting enzyme
D) aldosterone
A

Renin

55
Q 
Which of these is NOT true of cortisol?
A) stimulates gluconeogenisis 
B) decreases blood glucose
C) decreases protein synthesis
D) stimulated by ACTH
A

Decreases Blood Glucose

56
Q 
The following relate to Cushing's syndrome EXCEPT which one?
A) mood face and buffalo hump
B) under-secreting of ACTH
C) over- secreting of ACTH
D) hyperglycemia
A

Under-secreting of ACTH

57
Q 
The following are true of insulin EXCEPT which one?
A) can cause hypoglycemia
B) can cause hyperglycemia
C) produced in the islets of Langerhans
D) antagonized by glucagon
A

Can cause hyperglycemia

58
Q

In NIDDM, the patient is usually over 40 and has normal levels of _____.

A

Insulin

59
Q

The hormone melatonin is secreted from the _____ gland.

A

Pineal

60
Q

Cyclic AMP functions as a(n) _____ for _____ hormones.

A

Second Messenger ; Nonsteroid

61
Q 
Which of these is NOT a method the body uses to regulate its hormonal releases?
A) negative feedback
B) direct nervous stimulation
C) release of tropic hormones
D) degradation of the endocrine gland
A

Degradation of the endocrine gland

62
Q

Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?

A

In neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus

63
Q 
Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress?
A) thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) prolactin
A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

64
Q

Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe b/c alcohol inhibits the release of _____ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.

A

Antidiuretic hormone

65
Q

Hypothyroidism in infants can result in _____.

A

Cretinism

66
Q

Sex hormones are secreted by _____.

A

The inner cortex of the adrenal gland and the gonads

67
Q

In the pancreas, _____ cells secrete insulin, which _____ blood levels of glucose.

A

Beta ; Lowers

68
Q

What seems to be the cause of juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)?

A

Immune cells attack the pancreas that can then no longer produce insulin.

69
Q

The endocrine gland responsible for the body’s circadian rhythm is the _____ gland.

A

Pineal

70
Q

Which of these is NOT an endocrine property?
A) hormones reach targets through the blood
B) effects are slow and cyclic
C) rapid acting effects
D) effects caused by chemicals

A

Rapid acting effects

71
Q 
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A) protein
B) peptide
C) amino acid
D) steroid
A

Steroid

72
Q 
In the "second messenger" theory, which is the first messenger?
A) cAMP
B) hormone
C) enzyme
D) receptor
A

Hormone

73
Q 
Which of these is NOT an endocrine gland?
A) pancreas
B) testes
C) salivary gland
D) parathyroid
A

Salivary Gland (ironically the only one with “gland”)

74
Q 
Which is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
A) affect heart rate
B) control temperature
C) affect water balance 
D) secrete FSH
A

Secrete FSH

75
Q 
Which of these hormones is released into the blood from the posterior pituitary?
A) FSH
B) LH
C) ACTH
D) ADH
A

ADH

76
Q

The hormone _____causes the contractions of labor.

A

Oxytocin

77
Q 
Which hormone causes excessive skeletal growth or giantism?
A) somatotropin
B) testosterone
C) insulin
D) somatostatin
A

Somatotropin (focus on tropin)

78
Q

Non-steroid hormones are called second messengers b/c they influence the binding site first and then the activity site second. T/F?

A

False

79
Q

Various protein kinases are enzymes that stimulate cells to increase their metabolic activities. T/F?

A

True

80
Q

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate is an enzyme which causes the target effects seen with some hormones. T/F?

A

False

81
Q

Prostaglandins are considered hormones, which are stored within cells and released on demand. T/F?

A

True

82
Q

Prostaglandins are known to cause smooth muscle of the uterus or intestines to contract. T/F?

A

True

83
Q

The levels of insulin in the blood are maintained at constant, stable, homeostatic levels. T/F?

A

False

84
Q

The pituitary and adrenal gland can be controlled by the direct influence of the nervous system. T/F?

A

True

85
Q

The pituitary is located within the sella turcica of the ethmoid bone, and is attached to the thalamus by the infundibulum. T/F?

A

False

86
Q

As blood levels of thyroid hormones increase, the secretions of TRH and TSH are reduced. T/F?

A

True

87
Q

Alcohol is known to be a potent anti-antidiuretic. T/F?

A

True ( = it is a diuretic)

88
Q

The hypothalamus of the brain has osmoreceptors which are sensitive to changes in blood concentration. T/F?

A

True

89
Q

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that results in edema and swelling b/c of an excess of ADH. T/F?

A

False

90
Q

Cretinism is a condition of physical and mental retardation that is the result of deficiency of thyroxine. T/F?

A

True

91
Q

It is possible to have high levels of TSH but a decreased in the levels of thyroxine. T/F?

A

True

92
Q

Thyroxine production can be increased by TSH or antibodies. T/F?

A

True

93
Q

A pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal cortex which raises blood pressure. T/F?

A

False (medulla, not cortex)

94
Q

Male sex hormones can be produced by the testes or adrenal glands. T/F?

A

True

95
Q

Cortisone can either cause or inhibit inflammation. T/F?

A

True

96
Q

The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin from the alpha cells. T/F?

A

False

97
Q

Cancer cells can produced hormones that affect blood sugar and blood calcium levels. T/F?

A

True

98
Q

The cells that are stimulated by hormones are referred to as its receptors. T/F?

A

False

99
Q

An organ can belong to the digestive and endocrine system simultaneously. T/F?

A

True

100
Q

Circadian rhythms are those that involve fluctuations that usually last several days. T/F?

A

False

101
Q

It is possible to find all the hormones in blood sample taken from the arm. T/F?

A

True

102
Q

Steroids exert their effects by increasing the amount of cAMP in the target cells. T/F?

A

False

103
Q

Hormones do NOT stimulate all cell types with equal probability. T/F?

A

True

104
Q

All hormones secreted by the pituitary actually came from the hypothalamus. T/F?

A

False

105
Q

Diabetes insipidus results from an excess production of ADH. T/F?

A

False

106
Q

High levels of TSH would suppress thyroxine by negative feedback. T/F?

A

False

Physiology & Anatomy (19 decks)

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