Chapter 13 Test Questions Flashcards
1
Q
The _____ system includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the blood.
A
Endocrine
2
Q
Which of the following glands does NOT belong to the endocrine system? A) Pituitary B) Thyroid C) Parathyroid D) Salivary
A
Salivary
3
Q
Which one of the following is NOT a chemical class of hormone? A) protein B) steroid C) glycoprotein D) carbohydrate
A
Carbohydrate
4
Q
Which of these is NOT a steroid? A) adrenalin B) cholesterol C) progesterone D) cortisone
A
Adrenaline
5
Q
Which factor is a direct cause of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms? A) prostaglandin B) cortisone C) cortisol D) arachidonic acid
A
Prostaglandin
6
Q
Which of the following is NOT a property of prostaglandins? A) regulate blood pressure B) effect reproductive functions C) influences kidney Na+ movement D) all of these are functions
A
All of these are functions
7
Q
Which of the following is an examples of feedback inhibition? A) Insulin lowers blood sugar B) GH causes osteoblast division C) PTH raises blood calcium levels D) Low blood sugar inhibits insulin
A
Low blood sugar inhibits insulin
8
Q
Releasing hormones are produced by the _____.
A
Hypothalamus
9
Q
Which hormone controls the ability to produce milk?
A
PRL
10
Q
Which of the following in NOT a symptom of hyperthyroidism? A) loss of weight B) protruding eyes C) increased heart rate D) increased ability to sleep
A
Increased ability to sleep
11
Q
Grave's disease can cause all of these except which one? A) exophthalmos B) a positive autoimmune test C) general edema D) intolerance to heat
A
General Edema
12
Q
Which gland is assessed by the use of radioactive iodine?
A
Thyroid
13
Q
The _____ directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin.
A
Parathormone
14
Q
What is the most active form of vitamin D?
A
Dihydroxycholecalciferol (they’re all crazy answers; focus on di cause another answer will be exact same - the di)
15
Q
What is the final factor in the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D?
A
Kidney Function
16
Q
The _____ gland is important for producing immunity.
A
Thymus
17
Q
Which gland produces a hormone, which stimulates the production of blood cells.
A
Kidney
18
Q
In the general stress syndrome, all of the following are increased EXCEPT which one? A) blood sugar B) heart rate C) blood pressure D) digestion
A
Digestion
19
Q
Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is incorrect.
A) steroids are lipids with complex ring structures
B) steroids can pass through their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the nucleus
C) Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response
D) The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones
A
Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
20
Q
Prostaglandins are _____ substances that regulate neighboring cells.
A
Paracrine
21
Q
Which of the following is the precursor that will result in the synthesis of the others? A) testosterone B) cholesterol C) vitamin D D) estrogen
A
Cholesterol
22
Q
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others? A) amine B) epinephrine C) cortisone D) norepinephrine
A
Cortisone
23
Q
Which of these is NOT produces by the anterior pituitary? A) ACTH B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) somatostatin D) somatotropin
A
Somatostatin (focus on statin)
24
Q
Which of the following is NOT a pancreatic hormone? A) glucagon B) aldosterone C) insulin D) somatostatin
A
Aldosterone
25
```
Which of these compounds is produced first?
A) cAMP
B) protein kinases
C) adenylate cyclase
D) ATP
```
Adenylate Cyclase
26
Which factor inactivates and decreases the levels of cAMP?
Phosphodiesterase
27
```
Which of the following does NOT employ cAMP second messegers?
A) cortisol
B) TSH
C) FSH
D) parathormone
```
Cortisol
28
```
Which of the following is NOT a hormone function?
A) increase cellular oxygen consumption
B) cause osteoblasts to divide
C) convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts
D) alter genetic expression
```
Convert fibroblast to esteoblasts
29
Prostaglandins are _____ that affect various functions.
Lipids
30
The precursor molecule that produces all of the prostaglandins is _____.
Arachidonic Acid
31
What are releasing hormones from the hypothalamus secreted into?
Hypophyseal Portal Veins
32
Which part of the endocrine system has the major influence over other endocrine organs?
Hypothalamus
33
```
Which of the following is an incorrect association?
A) somatotropes ; GH
B) Thyrotropes ; thyroxine
C) mammatropes ; PRL
D) gonadotropes ; GnRH
```
Thyrotropes ; thyroxine
34
```
Which of the following directly stimulates mitosis?
A) insulin
B) somatotropin
C) corticotropin
D) growth hormone releasing hormone
```
Sometotropin
35
```
Which of these will decrease the release of growth hormone?
A) high protein diet
B) GRH
C) low SS levels
D) poor nutrition
```
High Protein Diet
36
The cartilage of bones is stimulated by _____.
Insulin-like growth factor-1
37
The condition called _____ occurs in adulthood and is evidenced by thickened skull bones and distortions in the arms and hands.
Acromegaly
38
Which hormone can cause sterility in a male?
Prolactin
39
The hormone _____ causes the breast to increase its synthesis of milk.
PRL
40
```
Which of the following is NOT produces by the anterior pituitary?
A) ACTH
B) FSH
C) ICSH
D) GnRH
```
GnRH
41
Oxytocin is most closely related chemically to _____.
Antidiuretic Hormone
42
ADH has the ability to increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and is therefore also called _____.
Vasopressin
43
Which hormone plays the greatest role in the contractions that occur in the uterus during labor?
Oxytocin
44
Which hormone is the most closely involved with ovulation.
LH
45
The ovary and _____ contain spherical collections of cells referred to as follicles.
Thyroid
46
Which hormone exerts the greatest influence on metabolism?
Thyroxine
47
```
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) calcium
B) thyroxine
C) iodine
D) tyrosine
```
Calcium
48
```
Which of the following is NOT true of thyroxine?
A) needed for normal mental growth
B) increases carbohydrate utilization
C) decreases lipid synthesis
D) decreases protein synthesis
```
Decreases Protein Synthesis
49
```
Which of the following have the most potent effect on increasing metabolic rate?
A) thyroxine
B) thyroglobulin
C) triiodothyronine
D) alpha globulin
```
Triiodothyronine
50
```
Which of the following is NOT consistent with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?
A) fatigue
B) weakened bones
C) muscle cramps
D) increased blood calcium
```
Muscle Cramps
51
Osteoporosis most likely results from _____.
Increased PTH secretion
52
```
Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of hormone synthesis in the adrenal medulla?
A) tyrosine
B) dopamine
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine
```
Epinephrine
53
```
Which of the following is NOT true of aldosterone?
A) secreted from the zona glomerulosa
B) decreases blood Na+ levels
C) stimulated by angiotensin II
D) raises blood volume
```
Decreases Blood Na+ Levels
54
```
Which of the following is the factor that initiates the other steps?
A) renin
B) angiotensin II
C) angiotensin-converting enzyme
D) aldosterone
```
Renin
55
```
Which of these is NOT true of cortisol?
A) stimulates gluconeogenisis
B) decreases blood glucose
C) decreases protein synthesis
D) stimulated by ACTH
```
Decreases Blood Glucose
56
```
The following relate to Cushing's syndrome EXCEPT which one?
A) mood face and buffalo hump
B) under-secreting of ACTH
C) over- secreting of ACTH
D) hyperglycemia
```
Under-secreting of ACTH
57
```
The following are true of insulin EXCEPT which one?
A) can cause hypoglycemia
B) can cause hyperglycemia
C) produced in the islets of Langerhans
D) antagonized by glucagon
```
Can cause hyperglycemia
58
In NIDDM, the patient is usually over 40 and has normal levels of _____.
Insulin
59
The hormone melatonin is secreted from the _____ gland.
Pineal
60
Cyclic AMP functions as a(n) _____ for _____ hormones.
Second Messenger ; Nonsteroid
61
```
Which of these is NOT a method the body uses to regulate its hormonal releases?
A) negative feedback
B) direct nervous stimulation
C) release of tropic hormones
D) degradation of the endocrine gland
```
Degradation of the endocrine gland
62
Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
In neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
63
```
Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress?
A) thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) prolactin
```
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
64
Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe b/c alcohol inhibits the release of _____ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.
Antidiuretic hormone
65
Hypothyroidism in infants can result in _____.
Cretinism
66
Sex hormones are secreted by _____.
The inner cortex of the adrenal gland and the gonads
67
In the pancreas, _____ cells secrete insulin, which _____ blood levels of glucose.
Beta ; Lowers
68
What seems to be the cause of juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)?
Immune cells attack the pancreas that can then no longer produce insulin.
69
The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the _____ gland.
Pineal
70
Which of these is NOT an endocrine property?
A) hormones reach targets through the blood
B) effects are slow and cyclic
C) rapid acting effects
D) effects caused by chemicals
Rapid acting effects
71
```
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A) protein
B) peptide
C) amino acid
D) steroid
```
Steroid
72
```
In the "second messenger" theory, which is the first messenger?
A) cAMP
B) hormone
C) enzyme
D) receptor
```
Hormone
73
```
Which of these is NOT an endocrine gland?
A) pancreas
B) testes
C) salivary gland
D) parathyroid
```
Salivary Gland (ironically the only one with "gland")
74
```
Which is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
A) affect heart rate
B) control temperature
C) affect water balance
D) secrete FSH
```
Secrete FSH
75
```
Which of these hormones is released into the blood from the posterior pituitary?
A) FSH
B) LH
C) ACTH
D) ADH
```
ADH
76
The hormone _____causes the contractions of labor.
Oxytocin
77
```
Which hormone causes excessive skeletal growth or giantism?
A) somatotropin
B) testosterone
C) insulin
D) somatostatin
```
Somatotropin (focus on tropin)
78
Non-steroid hormones are called second messengers b/c they influence the binding site first and then the activity site second. T/F?
False
79
Various protein kinases are enzymes that stimulate cells to increase their metabolic activities. T/F?
True
80
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate is an enzyme which causes the target effects seen with some hormones. T/F?
False
81
Prostaglandins are considered hormones, which are stored within cells and released on demand. T/F?
True
82
Prostaglandins are known to cause smooth muscle of the uterus or intestines to contract. T/F?
True
83
The levels of insulin in the blood are maintained at constant, stable, homeostatic levels. T/F?
False
84
The pituitary and adrenal gland can be controlled by the direct influence of the nervous system. T/F?
True
85
The pituitary is located within the sella turcica of the ethmoid bone, and is attached to the thalamus by the infundibulum. T/F?
False
86
As blood levels of thyroid hormones increase, the secretions of TRH and TSH are reduced. T/F?
True
87
Alcohol is known to be a potent anti-antidiuretic. T/F?
True ( = it is a diuretic)
88
The hypothalamus of the brain has osmoreceptors which are sensitive to changes in blood concentration. T/F?
True
89
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that results in edema and swelling b/c of an excess of ADH. T/F?
False
90
Cretinism is a condition of physical and mental retardation that is the result of deficiency of thyroxine. T/F?
True
91
It is possible to have high levels of TSH but a decreased in the levels of thyroxine. T/F?
True
92
Thyroxine production can be increased by TSH or antibodies. T/F?
True
93
A pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal cortex which raises blood pressure. T/F?
False (medulla, not cortex)
94
Male sex hormones can be produced by the testes or adrenal glands. T/F?
True
95
Cortisone can either cause or inhibit inflammation. T/F?
True
96
The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin from the alpha cells. T/F?
False
97
Cancer cells can produced hormones that affect blood sugar and blood calcium levels. T/F?
True
98
The cells that are stimulated by hormones are referred to as its receptors. T/F?
False
99
An organ can belong to the digestive and endocrine system simultaneously. T/F?
True
100
Circadian rhythms are those that involve fluctuations that usually last several days. T/F?
False
101
It is possible to find all the hormones in blood sample taken from the arm. T/F?
True
102
Steroids exert their effects by increasing the amount of cAMP in the target cells. T/F?
False
103
Hormones do NOT stimulate all cell types with equal probability. T/F?
True
104
All hormones secreted by the pituitary actually came from the hypothalamus. T/F?
False
105
Diabetes insipidus results from an excess production of ADH. T/F?
False
106
High levels of TSH would suppress thyroxine by negative feedback. T/F?
False
