Chapter 2 Test Questions Flashcards
1
Q
The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge.
A
Positive
2
Q
What is the charge of an elemental atom?
A
Neutral
3
Q
The second electron shell can hold a maximum of _____ electrons.
A
8
4
Q
Chemically stable elements will not _____ under ordinary conditions.
A
Chemically React
5
Q
Carbon atoms tend to form _____.
A
Covalent Bonds
6
Q
When atoms of different elements combine they form _____.
A
Compounds
7
Q
_____ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule.
A
Structural
8
Q
The following are all electrolytes except which one? A) NaOH B) glucose C) carbonic acid D) aluminum chloride
A
Glucose
9
Q
Which of these molecular formulas represents a compound? A) H2 B) O2 C) N2 D) C6H12O6
A
C6H12O6
10
Q
The reaction NaCl —-> Na+ + Cl-, as written, represents what type of reaction?
A
Decomposition Reaction
11
Q
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are called _____.
A
Acids
12
Q
DNA contains each of the following components, except \_\_\_\_\_. A) 5-carbon sugar B) a single polynucleotide chain C) phosphate group D) organic base
A
A single polynucleotide chain
13
Q
Which element has the nuclear configuration of 12/6? A) carbon B) oxygen C) N D) K
A
Carbon
14
Q
Of the following, which represents an organic compound? A) H2O B) O2 C) nitrous oxide D) C6H12O6
A
C6H12O6
15
Q
Whenever a partially charged hydrogen comes near a partially charged oxygen on another atom, a _____ bond is formed.
A
Hydrogen
16
Q
Water tends to dissociate, forming ions; which pH value indicates that the (H+) equals the (OH-)?
A
7 (Neutral)
17
Q
Which of these is the correct formula for a base? A) HCl B) NaOH C) H2SO4 D) H2O
A
NaOH
18
Q
At what pH is a solution completely acidic?
A
0
19
Q
Which of these has the highest atomic weight? A) magnesium B) fluorine C) lithium D) sodium
A
Magnesium
20
Q
Two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called _____.
A
Isotopes
21
Q
What does a radioactive element do?
A
Undergoes nuclear disintegration
22
Q
Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the _____.
A
Alpha Particle
23
Q
Which of these can be used to detect heart disease? A) iodine-131 B) gallium-67 C) thallium-201 D) cobalt-60
A
Thallium-201
24
Q
The only elements that have 8 electrons in the outer orbitals and are therefore stable are the _____.
A
Noble Gasses
25
That happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron?
It becomes a positive ion
26
In table salt, _____ bond holds the ions together.
Electrovalent
27
What causes HCl to become an acid?
The release of H+
28
A covalent bond is formed whenever two atoms _____ electrons.
Share
29
Buildings that release radon in their structures can cause illnesses because radon will _____.
Produce ionizing radiation
30
The _____ is the smallest particle of an element which has the properties of the element.
Atom
31
Decomposition is the opposite of a _____ reaction.
Synthesis
32
What is the term for a substance that can increase the rate of a reaction without becoming changed?
Catalyst
33
Sodium chloride is an examples of a/an _____.
Electrolyte
34
A solution with a pH of 7.35 is considered to be _____.
Basic
35
What is the most abundant compound in the human body?
Water
36
What is the main purpose for cellular oxygen?
Results in energy
37
Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and Nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures?
Phosphate
38
```
The following are monosaccharides except which one?
A) glucose
B) sucrose
C) fructose
D) galactose
```
Sucrose
39
Glycogen is a type of _____ and is a storage form of sugar.
Polysaccharide
40
If a triglyceride were digested it would breakdown into glycerol and _____.
Fatty Acids
41
Unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain _____.
Relatively few hydrogen atoms
42
```
The following are steroids except which one?
A) cholesterol
B) estrogen
C) testosterone
D) phospholipid
```
Phospholipid
43
```
Proteins are most important for the following functions except which one?
A) hormone structures
B) energy production
C) cell structures
D) anitbodies
```
Energy Production
44
```
All nucleic acids must contain which of the following?
A) phosphate group
B) amino acids
C) ribose
D) deoxyribose
```
Phosphate Group
45
The molecule which contains the genetic information necessary to regulate cells is _____.
DNA
46
An electrically neutral atom bears what trait?
It contains the same umber of electrons and protons
47
Isotopes of the same element vary in the number of _____ they contain.
Neutrons
48
Radioactive isotopes emit energy or particles until they reach a stable form. Which type of radiation emitted by a radioactive isotope can be the most penetrating, and thus the most damaging, to living things?
Gamma Radiation
49
Chemical reactions occur as bonds are formed or broken between molecules. The molecules that are changed by a reaction are called _____.
Reactants
50
A substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.0000001 g/L has a pH of _____.
6
51
Animal polysaccharides or _____, consists of branched chains of sugar units and functions to store energy.
Glycogen
52
A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon-carbon bonds is said to be _____.
Saturated
53
Choose the correct statement about proteins and their structure.
A) Hydrogen bonding rarely occurs in proteins.
B) Most proteins are made from a short chain of amino acids.
C) A denatured protein is equally effective as the protein in its original shape.
D) A protein's conformation determines its function.
A protein's conformation determines its function
54
Myoglobin, hemoglobin, and many enzymes are _____ proteins.
Globular
55
The smallest complete unit of an element is the _____.
Atom
56
```
Which of the following does not belong with the others?
A) proton
B) neutron
C) electron
D) nucleus
```
Electron
57
What is the sum of the neutrons plus protons equal to?
Atomic Mass
58
```
Which of the following is not nearly as abundant as the others in living cells?
A) Na
B) Mn
C) P
D) N
```
Mn
59
The symbol Na+ is used to describe a sodium _____.
Ion
60
People are constantly exposed to what is termed background radiation in the environment. T/F?
True
61
Exposure to radiation from medical and dental procedures is less than what one would receive from natural background radiation. T/F?
False
62
Some smoke detectors can emit radiation. T/F?
True
63
Most chemical reactions are reversible in nature. T/F?
True
64
A person could have a blood pH of 7.2 and be considered to have excess acidity or acidosis. T/F?
True
65
The total pH range compatible with human life is 7.35 to 7.45 in the blood. T/F?
False
66
A person could not survive with a blood pH of 6 or 8.2. T/F?
True
67
Cow's milk is more acidic than apple juice. T/F?
False
68
The presence of electrolytes in the body is more important than their relative amounts. T/F?
False
69
Organic compounds must all contain the atom carbon. T/F?
True
70
The fundamental unit of polysaccharides is glucose. T/F?
True
71
Saturated fats are associated with coronary artery disease. T/F?
True
72
All proteins function as catalysts or enzymes. T/F?
False
73
All proteins must contain nitrogen and amino acids. T/F?
True
74
Protons all bear positive charges while neutrons have no net charge. T/F?
True
75
Atoms such as sodium that are in the first column of the periodic table have positive charges. T/F?
False
76
Elements that are radioactive isotopes react in similar chemical ways to their relatively stable counterparts, such as 12C and 14C. T/F?
True
77
When sodium reacts with chlorine usually a covalent bond is formed. T/F?
False
78
Considering all molecules known, inorganic molecules usually contain fewer atoms than organic molecules. T/F?
True
79
Technically speaking, HCl is a correct formula for a strong acid. T/F?
True
80
PET is the acronym for a diagnostic tool, which utilizes x-rays to scan internal body structures. T/F?
False
81
Matter is anything that has weight and has a function. T/F?
False
