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Physiology & Anatomy > Chapter 2 Test Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge.

A

Positive

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2
Q

What is the charge of an elemental atom?

A

Neutral

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3
Q

The second electron shell can hold a maximum of _____ electrons.

A

8

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4
Q

Chemically stable elements will not _____ under ordinary conditions.

A

Chemically React

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5
Q

Carbon atoms tend to form _____.

A

Covalent Bonds

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6
Q

When atoms of different elements combine they form _____.

A

Compounds

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7
Q

_____ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule.

A

Structural

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8
Q 
The following are all electrolytes except which one?
A) NaOH
B) glucose
C) carbonic acid
D) aluminum chloride
A

Glucose

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9
Q 
Which of these molecular formulas represents a compound?
A) H2
B) O2
C) N2
D) C6H12O6
A

C6H12O6

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10
Q

The reaction NaCl —-> Na+ + Cl-, as written, represents what type of reaction?

A

Decomposition Reaction

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11
Q

Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are called _____.

A

Acids

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12
Q 
DNA contains each of the following components, except \_\_\_\_\_.
A) 5-carbon sugar
B) a single polynucleotide chain
C) phosphate group
D) organic base
A

A single polynucleotide chain

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13
Q 
Which element has the nuclear configuration of 12/6?
A) carbon
B) oxygen
C) N
D) K
A

Carbon

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14
Q 
Of the following, which represents an organic compound?
A) H2O
B) O2
C) nitrous oxide
D) C6H12O6
A

C6H12O6

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15
Q

Whenever a partially charged hydrogen comes near a partially charged oxygen on another atom, a _____ bond is formed.

A

Hydrogen

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16
Q

Water tends to dissociate, forming ions; which pH value indicates that the (H+) equals the (OH-)?

A

7 (Neutral)

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17
Q 
Which of these is the correct formula for a base?
A) HCl
B) NaOH
C) H2SO4
D) H2O
A

NaOH

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18
Q

At what pH is a solution completely acidic?

A

0

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19
Q 
Which of these has the highest atomic weight?
A) magnesium
B) fluorine
C) lithium
D) sodium
A

Magnesium

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20
Q

Two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called _____.

A

Isotopes

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21
Q

What does a radioactive element do?

A

Undergoes nuclear disintegration

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22
Q

Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the _____.

A

Alpha Particle

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23
Q 
Which of these can be used to detect heart disease?
A) iodine-131
B) gallium-67
C) thallium-201
D) cobalt-60
A

Thallium-201

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24
Q

The only elements that have 8 electrons in the outer orbitals and are therefore stable are the _____.

A

Noble Gasses

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25
Q

That happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron?

A

It becomes a positive ion

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26
Q

In table salt, _____ bond holds the ions together.

A

Electrovalent

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27
Q

What causes HCl to become an acid?

A

The release of H+

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28
Q

A covalent bond is formed whenever two atoms _____ electrons.

A

Share

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29
Q

Buildings that release radon in their structures can cause illnesses because radon will _____.

A

Produce ionizing radiation

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30
Q

The _____ is the smallest particle of an element which has the properties of the element.

A

Atom

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31
Q

Decomposition is the opposite of a _____ reaction.

A

Synthesis

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32
Q

What is the term for a substance that can increase the rate of a reaction without becoming changed?

A

Catalyst

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33
Q

Sodium chloride is an examples of a/an _____.

A

Electrolyte

34
Q

A solution with a pH of 7.35 is considered to be _____.

A

Basic

35
Q

What is the most abundant compound in the human body?

A

Water

36
Q

What is the main purpose for cellular oxygen?

A

Results in energy

37
Q

Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and Nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures?

A

Phosphate

38
Q 
The following are monosaccharides except which one?
A) glucose
B) sucrose
C) fructose
D) galactose
A

Sucrose

39
Q

Glycogen is a type of _____ and is a storage form of sugar.

A

Polysaccharide

40
Q

If a triglyceride were digested it would breakdown into glycerol and _____.

A

Fatty Acids

41
Q

Unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain _____.

A

Relatively few hydrogen atoms

42
Q 
The following are steroids except which one?
A) cholesterol
B) estrogen
C) testosterone
D) phospholipid
A

Phospholipid

43
Q 
Proteins are most important for the following functions except which one?
A) hormone structures
B) energy production
C) cell structures
D) anitbodies
A

Energy Production

44
Q 
All nucleic acids must contain which of the following?
A) phosphate group
B) amino acids
C) ribose
D) deoxyribose
A

Phosphate Group

45
Q

The molecule which contains the genetic information necessary to regulate cells is _____.

A

DNA

46
Q

An electrically neutral atom bears what trait?

A

It contains the same umber of electrons and protons

47
Q

Isotopes of the same element vary in the number of _____ they contain.

A

Neutrons

48
Q

Radioactive isotopes emit energy or particles until they reach a stable form. Which type of radiation emitted by a radioactive isotope can be the most penetrating, and thus the most damaging, to living things?

A

Gamma Radiation

49
Q

Chemical reactions occur as bonds are formed or broken between molecules. The molecules that are changed by a reaction are called _____.

A

Reactants

50
Q

A substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.0000001 g/L has a pH of _____.

A

6

51
Q

Animal polysaccharides or _____, consists of branched chains of sugar units and functions to store energy.

A

Glycogen

52
Q

A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon-carbon bonds is said to be _____.

A

Saturated

53
Q

Choose the correct statement about proteins and their structure.
A) Hydrogen bonding rarely occurs in proteins.
B) Most proteins are made from a short chain of amino acids.
C) A denatured protein is equally effective as the protein in its original shape.
D) A protein’s conformation determines its function.

A

A protein’s conformation determines its function

54
Q

Myoglobin, hemoglobin, and many enzymes are _____ proteins.

A

Globular

55
Q

The smallest complete unit of an element is the _____.

A

Atom

56
Q 
Which of the following does not belong with the others?
A) proton
B) neutron
C) electron
D) nucleus
A

Electron

57
Q

What is the sum of the neutrons plus protons equal to?

A

Atomic Mass

58
Q 
Which of the following is not nearly as abundant as the others in living cells?
A) Na
B) Mn
C) P
D) N
A

Mn

59
Q

The symbol Na+ is used to describe a sodium _____.

A

Ion

60
Q

People are constantly exposed to what is termed background radiation in the environment. T/F?

A

True

61
Q

Exposure to radiation from medical and dental procedures is less than what one would receive from natural background radiation. T/F?

A

False

62
Q

Some smoke detectors can emit radiation. T/F?

A

True

63
Q

Most chemical reactions are reversible in nature. T/F?

A

True

64
Q

A person could have a blood pH of 7.2 and be considered to have excess acidity or acidosis. T/F?

A

True

65
Q

The total pH range compatible with human life is 7.35 to 7.45 in the blood. T/F?

A

False

66
Q

A person could not survive with a blood pH of 6 or 8.2. T/F?

A

True

67
Q

Cow’s milk is more acidic than apple juice. T/F?

A

False

68
Q

The presence of electrolytes in the body is more important than their relative amounts. T/F?

A

False

69
Q

Organic compounds must all contain the atom carbon. T/F?

A

True

70
Q

The fundamental unit of polysaccharides is glucose. T/F?

A

True

71
Q

Saturated fats are associated with coronary artery disease. T/F?

A

True

72
Q

All proteins function as catalysts or enzymes. T/F?

A

False

73
Q

All proteins must contain nitrogen and amino acids. T/F?

A

True

74
Q

Protons all bear positive charges while neutrons have no net charge. T/F?

A

True

75
Q

Atoms such as sodium that are in the first column of the periodic table have positive charges. T/F?

A

False

76
Q

Elements that are radioactive isotopes react in similar chemical ways to their relatively stable counterparts, such as 12C and 14C. T/F?

A

True

77
Q

When sodium reacts with chlorine usually a covalent bond is formed. T/F?

A

False

78
Q

Considering all molecules known, inorganic molecules usually contain fewer atoms than organic molecules. T/F?

A

True

79
Q

Technically speaking, HCl is a correct formula for a strong acid. T/F?

A

True

80
Q

PET is the acronym for a diagnostic tool, which utilizes x-rays to scan internal body structures. T/F?

A

False

81
Q

Matter is anything that has weight and has a function. T/F?

A

False

Physiology & Anatomy (19 decks)

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