Chapter 9 Test

Question 1

What does a developmental psychologist study?

Answer 1

focus on human growth and changes across the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth.

Question 2

??major concerns of developmental psychology

Question 3

Continuity v. discontinuity

Answer 3

do we develop in stages or continuously

Question 4

Rooting reflex-apply

Answer 4

when cheek(s) is touched, the baby will turn towards the stimulus and with its mouth open, trying to get the stimulus in its mouth.

Question 5

Habituation (studies)

Answer 5

decreasing responsiveness to an unchanging stimulus; used to assess infant cognition

Studies????????

Question 6

Novelty-preference procedure

Answer 6

novelty-preference procedure

after a sequence of similar objects, measure how much interest infants show in a new object in line

Question 7

Infantile amnesia—define and apply

Answer 7

Childhood amnesia, also called infantile amnesia, is the inability of adults to retrieve episodic memories before the age of 2–4 years, as well as the period before age 10 of which adults retain fewer memories than might otherwise be expected given the passage of time.

Question 8

`Assimilation

Answer 8

Interpreting one’s new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas.

Question 9

Accommodation

Answer 9

Adapting one’s current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.

Erickson saw human development as a series of stages and identified 8 stages

Question 10

Autism-define

Answer 10

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others’ states of mind.

Question 11

Infant monkeys—attachment studies

Question 12

Imprinting-define and apply

Answer 12

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.

Question 13

What fosters fondness for certain people in children?-

Answer 13

repeated exposure or encounters

Question 14

Do infants have well-defined periods for the formation of mother-infant attachment?

Answer 14

yes, after 4 months infants already have preferences for certain people, and can distingush between primary and secondary caregivers.

Question 15

Fear of failure—who exhibits this and who does not?

Answer 15

those who experienced failure were predicted to exhibit more overgeneralization and greater relational concerns than those low in fear of failure.

Question 16

Temperament and stability

Answer 16

Temperament refers to the characteristics and aspects of personality that we are born with

Stability- state of being stable

Question 17

Self-concept and facial recognition

Answer 17

Self-concept, strictly defined, is the totality of our beliefs, preferences, opinions and attitudes organized in a systematic manner, towards our personal existence.

facial recognition- knows faces ????????????????????

Question 18

Authoritative

Answer 18

Parent is warm, attentive and sensitive to child’s needs and interests, Parent makes reasonable demands for the child’s maturity level; explains/ enforces rules, Parent permits child to make decisions in accord with developmental readiness

Question 19

Authoritarian

Answer 19

Parent is cold and rejecting; frequently degrades the child, Parent is highly demanding; may use coercion by yelling commanding, criticizing and reliance on punishment, Parent makes most decisions for the child, rarely listens to child’s viewpoint

Question 20

permissive

Answer 20

Parent is warm but may spoil the child, Parent makes few or no demands-often out of misplaced concern for child’s self esteem, Parent permits child to make decisions before the child is ready

Question 21

uninvolved-

Answer 21

Parent is emotionally detached, withdrawn and inattentive, Parent makes few of no demands-often lacking in interest or expectations for the child, Parent is indifferent to child’s decisions and point of view.

Question 22

Gender identity-

Answer 22

our sense of being male or female.

Question 23

Puberty

Answer 23

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Question 24

Social identity-define/apply

Answer 24

the “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships.

Question 25

According to Erickson, how do teens develop a sense of identity?

Answer 25

through stages

Question 26

Emerging adulthood-define

Answer 26

for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood.

Question 27

Menarche-when does it occur?

Answer 27

the first menstrual period.

Question 28

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 28

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

Question 29

Adults and divorce-when most likely?

Answer 29

most occur in the 5th-10th years of marriage

Question 30

Adults and suicide-when most likely?

Answer 30

The strongest risk factors for attempted suicide in adults are depression, alcohol abuse, cocaine use, and separation or divorce.

Question 31

Social intuitionist theory-

Answer 31

social intuitionist model is that moral judgment is caused by quick moral intuitions and is followed (when needed) by slow, ex post facto moral reasoning.